Objective: To investigate characteristics of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020, so as to provide a basis for optimizing regional prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data on incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in cancer registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020 were collected from the Cancer Follow-up Registration System and the All-Cause Mortality Registration Reporting System of the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The crude incidence, crude mortality, truncated rate for 35 to 64 years, and cumulative rate for 0 to 64 years were calculated, and standardized using the Segi's world standard population. Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the characteristics of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality by different genders, urban/rural areas and ages. Results: A total of 14 771 cases of colorectal cancer were reported in Guangdong Province in 2020. The crude incidence, world population-standardized incidence, truncated incidence for 35 to 64 years and cumulative incidence for 0 to 64 years were 35.18/100 000, 24.84/100 000, 38.87/100 000 and 1.37%, respectively. A total of 5 384 deaths of colorectal cancer were reported, with crude incidence, world population-standardized incidence, truncated incidence for 35 to 64 years and cumulative incidence for 0 to 64 years were 14.55/100 000, 8.83/100 000, 10.39/100 000 and 0.37%, respectively. The crude incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females (40.35/100 000 vs. 29.88/100 000, 16.51/100 000 vs. 12.54/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality were higher in urban areas than in rural areas (38.94/100 000 vs. 26.10/100 000, 16.60/100 000 vs. 10.42/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence of colorectal cancer initially increased with advancing age (P<0.05), reaching a peak of 239.36/105 in the 80-<85 age group, followed by a marked decline after 85 years. The crude mortality of colorectal cancer increased with advancing age (P<0.05), reaching a peak of 174.25/100 000 in the ≥85 years age group. Conclusions In 2020, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in registration areas of Guangdong Province were higher than the national averages. There were differences in the characteristics of incidence and mortality among genders, urban/areas and age. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control efforts for colorectal cancer in males, urban areas, and the elderly population.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in cancer registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020, so as to provide the evidence for improving prevention and control strategies of lung cancer. Methods: Data of incidence and mortality in 2020 from 30 cancer registries in Guangdong Province were collected from the Cancer Follow-up Registration System and the All-Cause Mortality Registration Reporting System of the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The crude incidence, crude mortality, and cumulative rate for 0 to 74 years were calculated. The Chinese population-standardized rate and world population-standardized rate were calculated using the age structure of the standard population from the Fifth National Population Census in 2000 and Segi's world standard population. The incidence and mortality characteristics of lung cancer in different genders, urban/rural areas and ages were described. Results: In 2020, there were 25 357 new cases of lung cancer in Guangdong Province. The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, and cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years were 60.40/100 000, 43.75/100 000, 43.26/100 000, and 5.30%, respectively. There were 14 366 lung cancer deaths. The crude mortality, Chinese population-standardized mortality, world population-standardized mortality, and cumulative mortality for 0 to 74 years were 38.82/100 000, 24.49/100 000, 24.36/100 000, and 2.88%, respectively. The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (71.19/100 000 vs. 49.42/100 000, 52.94/100 000 vs. 24.36/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas (66.37/100 000 vs. 45.95/100 000, 40.68/100 000 vs. 35.07/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer exhibited upward trends with increasing age (both P<0.05), peaking in the age of 80-<85 years (347.97/100 000 and 342.14/100 000). Conclusions Comparing to the national data, the incidence of lung cancer in registration areas of Guangdong Province remained relatively high, while mortality remained relatively low. Males, urban residents and the elderly constitute the key populations for lung cancer prevention and control. It is recommend to optimize the allocation of medical resources between urban and rural areas and strengthen lung cancer screening among high-risk groups.

Objective To explore the value of CT signs and quantitative parameters of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 349 colorectal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Hebei Province from January 2022 to January 2025 were selected and and divided into the effective group (n = 267) and the ineffective group (n = 82) according to the evaluation criteria for the efficacy of solid tumors. Conduct a CT examination and extract AI quantitative parameters from the CT images based on the lesion. The data were analyzed using SPSS21.0 software, Logistic regression was used to screen the influencing factors of ineffective neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer, and separate and combined models of CT signs and AI quantitative parameters were established. The predictive effect of the model was verified by using the ROC curve, calibration curve and decision curve. Results Compared with the effective group, the proportion of regular tumor morphology and the proportion of non-enlarged lymph nodesin the ineffective group were smaller. The tumor volume, peak value and entropy value were larger (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that irregular shape (OR= 4.216), presence of lymph node enlargement (OR = 8.998), larger tumor volume (OR = 1.109), higher average CT value (OR = 1.120), elevated peak value (OR = 2.528), and increased entropy value (OR = 1.390) were independent risk factors for ineffective neoadjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (P < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curves of the individual and combined models of CT signs and AI quantitative parameters were 0.777, 0.818, and 0.877, respectively(P < 0.05). The calibration curve showed a Brier score of 0.091. The decision curve showed that the threshold was between 0.10 and 0.85, and the combined model achieved a relatively high net clinical benefit. Conclusion CT signs combined with AI quantitative parameters has a predictive value for the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. To provide evidence-based basis for clinical screening of the population benefiting from chemotherapy and optimization of treatment strategies.

This paper introduces the academic characteristics of Professor ZHANG Ren in treatment with acupuncture for refractory eye diseases in modern times, guided by "homotherapy for heteropathy" (same therapy for different diseases sharing the same pathogenesis). The refractory eye diseases in modern times include a variety of conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, high myopia and its complications, dry eye, cortical visual impairment and genetic eye diseases. The same therapy is used because these diseases share the similar location and pathogenesis. Professor ZHANG optimizes the methods of acupoint selection and provides the comprehensive prescriptions, "basic prescription, prescription based on disease differentiation, and supplementary prescription". A variety of acupuncture manipulation techniques are operated in clinical practice, such as compound needling methods, penetration needling, manipulations for promoting qi movement and conducting qi flow. "Early, regular and persistent" treatment is the common requirement with "the same acupoints, the same prescription and the same acupuncture method" as well as at "the same time". It is also proposed that the treatment should be provided flexibly according to the different symptoms, "identifying the differences within similarities".
Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Humans ; Eye Diseases/history* ; Acupuncture Points ; History, 20th Century ; China ; History, 21st Century

In the century-long evolution of insulin pharmaceuticals, each transformative advancement in this drug class has been closely tied to the ability to obtain new insulin isoforms for research. Despite this, the recently discovered naturally occurring isoforms of glycosylated human insulin have remained largely unattainable for proper characterization. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that total chemical synthesis can be used to generate all isoforms. This achievement required maintaining the correct positions of the interchain disulfide bonds while effectively removing protecting groups on complex glycans. Notably, the availability of seven glycoforms reveals the important effects of natural sialylated glycans in suppressing insulin self-association and enhancing its solubility, surpassing the performance of currently employed rapid-acting insulin drugs. This work not only offers a readily adaptable platform for exploring natural O-glycosylation in other therapeutic proteins and peptides but also lays the groundwork for further research into harnessing natural glycosylation for therapeutic applications.

Objective:To analyze the current development status and spatial distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals in China, predict the changing trends of the number of TCM hospitals, the number of beds, and the number of physicians, and provide references for the development of TCM hospitals and the formulation of related policies.Methods:From the official websites of the National Bureau of Statistics and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the total population and number of TCM hospitals of 31 provinces (excluding China′s Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) in China from 2013 to 2022 were included, as well as the number of beds and practicing (assistant) physicians in TCM hospitals from 2013 to 2021. The grey prediction model was applied to predict the changing trends of the number of TCM hospitals, beds and physicians. Using the global Moran′s I index in spatial autocorrelation analysis, the distribution of TCM hospitals per 10 000 people in China was analyzed by spatial correlation analysis, and local G coefficient was analyzed by local hot spots.Results:From 2013 to 2027, the number of TCM hospitals, beds and practicing (assistant) TCM physicians in China all showed an increasing trend year by year. The number of TCM hospitals per 10 000 people in China showed a spatial correlation between 2013 and 2022 ( P<0.05). The hot spots of TCM hospitals were mainly concentrated in North China and Northeast China, while the cold spots were mainly concentrated in southeast coastal areas and Northwest China. Conclusions:The number of TCM hospitals in China is increasing year by year, but it is necessary to control the reasonable increase and avoid blind expansion. It is necessary to formulate regional policies of TCM hospitals according to local conditions and pay attention to the individuation of policies. Focus on hot and cold areas to promote balanced development of TCM hospitals.

Objective:To establish a predictive model of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and multimodal ultrasound.Methods:The medical records of 279 patients with HER2 positive breast cancer admitted to Linyi People’s Hospital, Tai’an Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University and Shandong First Medical University affiliated Provincial Hospital from Mar. 2021 to Nov. 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and randomly divided into a training set ( n=223) and a validation set ( n=56) according to the 8∶2 law. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy and were divided into non-pathologic complete response (NpCR) and pathologic complete response (pCR) groups according to chemotherapy effect. By comparing MRI parameters and multimodal ultrasound parameters of the two groups, and the pCR risk model after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER2 positive breast cancer patients was constructed and verified. Results:After 3 cycles of chemotherapy, the incidence of pCR in 223 patients in the training set was 42.15%. Among 56 patients in the validation set, the incidence of pCR was 42.86%. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of pCR group was higher than NpCR group ( P<0.05). The peak systolic flow velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI), maximum radial change rate, area under the curve (AUC) and peak intensity (PI) in pCR group were higher than NpCR group ( P<0.05), and the ultrasound elastic score in pCR group was lower than NpCR group ( P<0.05). ΔADC ( OR=4.141, 95% CI: 1.820-9.421), maximum diameter change rate ( OR=5.212, 95% CI: 2.291-11.857), PI ( OR=4.802, 95% CI: 2.111-10.923) and ultrasonic elasticity score ( OR=6.629, 95% CI: 1.595-8.256) were the influencing factors of pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER2 positive breast cancer ( P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of pCR predicted by the training set model after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER2 positive breast cancer were 90.43% (95% CI: 82.15%-95.26%), 91.47% (95% CI: 84.91%-95.45%), and the AUC was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.834-0.968). Validation set model predicted the pCR sensitivity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER2 positive breast cancer was 87.50% (95% CI: 66.54%-96.71), specificity was 90.63% (95% CI: 73.83%-97.55%), and AUC was 0.897 (95% CI: 0.821-0.954) . Conclusion:The histogram model based on ΔADC, maximum radial rate of lesion change, PI and ultrasonic elasticity score can be used to evaluate the risk of pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER2 positive breast cancer.

A 58-year-old female patient with breast cancer received treatment with pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(PEG-rhG-CSF)injection after adjuvant chemotherapy.The serum creatinine level of the patient gradually increased from the normal baseline value to 199.3 μmol·L-1.The patient was diagnosed as acute kidney injury(AKI),after stopping the medication and providing symptomatic treatment,the patient's renal function gradually improved.The patient completed subsequent chemotherapy as planned without reusing PEG-rhG-CSF injection,and other medications and dosages remained unchanged.Renal function remained stable during follow-up.Naranjo's Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the association between PEG-rhG-CSF injection and AKI,the result was"probable."There are few reports of AKI occuring with PEG-rhG-CSF injection,and this case provides evidence for clinical safe medication.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the common chronic complications of diabetes, presenting with neuropathic pain, sensory abnormalities, and sensory loss, and may lead to foot infections, ulcers, or amputation in severe cases. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, with challenge in early diagnosis and limited treatment efficacy. Emerging evidences suggest that DPN involves in not only the peripheral nervous system but also the central nervous system (CNS). With advances in imaging technologies, multimodal MRI has become a key tool to investigate CNS involvement in DPN. This review summarizes the structural, functional, metabolic, and perfusion-related CNS changes in DPN patients based on structural MRI, functional MRI, MR spectroscopy, and perfusion-weighted imaging, aiming to help early detection, clinical subtyping, and personalized treatment of DPN.

Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) patients exhibit complex and diverse symptoms, often accompanied by abnormal pain and hyperalgesia, which seriously affect their quality of life. Currently, pharmacological treatments for PNP have limited effectiveness and are prone to side effects, making them inadequate for long-term patient needs. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) can relieve pain by precisely stimulating specific peripheral nerves, offering advantages such as minimal invasiveness, broad applicability, and personalized treatment. This article reviews the pathophysiology of PNP and application of PNS in PNP treatment, aiming to provide references for PNP treatment.