BACKGROUND:We have successfully established an animal model of small ear pig in southern Yunnan province with internal tension relieving technique combined with autologous Achilles tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,and verified the stability and reliability of the model.However,whether internal tension relieving technique can promote the ligamentalization process of autologous Achilles tendon graft has not been studied. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differences in the process of ligamentalization between conventional reconstruction and internal reduction reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by gross view,histology and electron microscopy. METHODS:Thirty adult female small ear pigs in southern Yunnan province were selected.Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed on the left knee joint with the ipsilateral knee Achilles tendon(n=30 in the normal group),and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed on the right knee joint with the ipsilateral knee Achilles tendon combined with the internal relaxation and enhancement system(n=30 in the relaxation group).The autogenous right forelimb was used as the control group;the anterior cruciate ligament was exposed but not severed or surgically treated.At 12,24,and 48 weeks after surgery,10 animals were sacrificed,respectively.The left and right knee joint specimens were taken for gross morphological observation to evaluate the graft morphology.MAS score was used to evaluate the excellent and good rate of the ligament at each time point.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the degree of ligament graft vascularization.Collagen fibers and nuclear morphology were observed,and nuclear morphology was scored.Ultrastructural remodeling was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The ligament healing shape of the relaxation group was better at various time points after surgery,and the excellent and good rate of MAS score was higher(P<0.05).Moreover,the relaxation group could obtain higher ligament vascularization score(P<0.05).(2)The arrangement of collagen bundles and fiber bundles in the two groups gradually tended to be orderly,and the transverse fiber connections between collagen gradually increased and thickened,suggesting that the strength and shape degree of the grafts were gradually improved,but the ligament remodeling in the relaxation group was always faster than that in the normal group at various time points after surgery.(3)The diameter,distribution density,and arrangement degree of collagen fibers in the relaxation group were better than those in the normal group at all time points,especially in the comparison of collagen fiber diameter between and within the relaxation group(P<0.05).

This paper reported a 15-year-old girl with β-thalassemia major became dependent on blood transfusions from 6 months after birth whose blood transfusion needs increased with age.The girl started treatment with thalidomide at the age of 15.She became transfusion independent one month after starting thalidomide treatment,and her hemoglobin levels were maintained at 98-109 g·L-1.However,the girl subsequently developed symptoms of dizziness and fatigue in the 11th month of thalidomide treatment.Her hemoglobin was decreased and indirect antiglobulin test and direct antiglobulin test were positive.She was diagnosed with new onset autoimmune hemolytic anemia,which was considered to be related to thalidomide,and the association of adverse reactions was evaluated as"possible".Indirect antiglobulin test and direct antiglobulin test were negative after drug withdrawal and glucocorticoid therapy.Therefore,patients with thalassemia who are treated with thalidomide should be carefully monitored for the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Background::While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a putative causal risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), the intrinsic link underlying T2DM and CAD is not fully understood. We aimed to highlight the importance of integrated care targeting both diseases by investigating the phenotypic and genetic relationships between T2DM and CAD.Methods::We evaluated phenotypic associations using data from the United Kingdom Biobank ( N = 472,050). We investigated genetic relationships by leveraging genomic data conducted in European ancestry for T2DM, with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (T2DM: Ncase/ Ncontrol = 74,124/824,006; T2DM adjusted for BMI [T2DM adjBMI]: Ncase/ Ncontrol = 50,409/523,897) and for CAD ( Ncase/ Ncontrol = 181,522/984,168). We performed additional analyses using genomic data conducted in multiancestry individuals for T2DM ( Ncase/ Ncontrol = 180,834/1,159,055). Results::Observational analysis suggested a bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD (T2DM→CAD: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01–2.24; CAD→T2DM: HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.63–1.81). A positive overall genetic correlation between T2DM and CAD was observed ( rg = 0.39, P = 1.43 × 10 -75), which was largely independent of BMI (T2DM adjBMI–CAD: rg = 0.31, P = 1.20 × 10 –36). This was corroborated by six local signals, among which 9p21.3 showed the strongest genetic correlation. Cross-trait meta-analysis replicated 101 previously reported loci and discovered six novel pleiotropic loci. Mendelian randomization analysis supported a bidirectional causal relationship (T2DM→CAD: odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.11-1.16; CAD→T2DM: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.18), which was confirmed in multiancestry individuals (T2DM→CAD: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10-1.16; CAD→T2DM: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.13). This bidirectional relationship was significantly mediated by systolic blood pressure and intake of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, with mediation proportions of 54.1% (95% CI: 24.9-83.4%) and 90.4% (95% CI: 29.3-151.5%), respectively. Conclusion::Our observational and genetic analyses demonstrated an intrinsic bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD and clarified the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship.

Objective To explore the correlation between functional striatal abnormalities(FSA)scores and symptoms and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.Methods A total of 92 patients with schizophrenia admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from July 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the research subjects,15 patients were excluded due to excessive interference with head movement during image data analysis,and 77 patients were finally included in the statistical analysis.The cognitive function of the patients before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment was evaluated through a set of cognitive function tests.The severity of symptoms before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment was evaluated according to the positive and negative symptom scale(PANSS).The patients were divided into the ineffective group(PANSS＜50％,n=33)and the effective group(PANSS ≥ 50％,n=44)according to the PANSS reduction rate.Before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment,the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed,and FSA scores were calculated.Results There was no significant difference in FSA scores of patients between the effective group and the ineffective group before treatment(P＞0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,the FSA scores of patients in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,there was no significant difference in FSA scores of patients between the effective group and the ineffective group(P＞0.05).Before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment,there was no significant correlation between the FSA scores and the total PANSS scores,positive factor scores,negative factor scores and pathological factor scores in the two groups(P＞0.05).There was no significant corre-lation between the pre-treatment FSA scores and the differences in positive factor scores,negative factor scores and pathological factor scores before and after treatment in both groups(P＞0.05).In the effective group,the FSA score was significantly nega-tively correlated with the spatial span score(P＜0.05)and significantly positively correlated with the category fluency score(P＜0.05)before treatment;however,there was no significant correlation between the pre-treatment FSA score and the scores of trail making,symbol coding,word learning,maze solving,visuospatial memory,2-digit continuous performance,3-digit continuous performance and 4-digit continuous performance(P＞0.05).In the ineffective group,there was a significant negative correlation between the pre-treatment FSA score and the spatial span and 4-digit continuous performance scores(P＜0.05),while there was no significant correlation between the pre-treatment FSA score and the scores of trail making,symbol coding,word learning,maze solving,visuospatial memory,category fluency,2-digit continuous performance and 3-digit continuous performance(P＞0.05).There was no significant correlation between the FSA score and cognitive function scores after treat-ment in the effective group(P＞0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the FSA score and the trail making score after treatment in the ineffective group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant correlation between the FSA score and the scores of symbol coding,word learning,spatial span,maze solving,visuospatial memory,category fluency,2-digit continuous performance,3-digit continuous performance and 4-digit continuous performance(P＞0.05).Conclusion FSA scores in patients with schizophrenia increase significantly after treatment.FSA scores may not be related to the severity of symptoms or treatment response,but are correlated with the cognitive function of information processing speed.

Objective To investigate the effect of very-long-chain saturated fatty acids on Tau protein phosphorylation and membrane fluidity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells,and to explore its role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into control group,C22∶0 group,and C24:0 group.Cells in the control group were routinely cultured,while cells in the C22:0 and C24:0 groups were treated with culture medium containing 10 μmol·L-1very-long-chain saturated fatty acids C22:0 and C24:0,respectively.After 24 hours of incubation,cells were collected.The expression levels of total Tau protein,phosphorylated Tau protein at serine 396 site(p-Tau-ser396),glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK-3β),and phosphorylated GSK-3 β protein at serine 9 site(p-GSK-3β-Ser9)in cells of each group were detected by using Western blot.The malondialdehyde(MDA)level in cells of each group was determined by using the thiobarbituric acid method.The fluorescence recovery rate and diffusion coefficient of cell membranes were measured by using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique,and the fluidity of cell membranes was evaluated.Results The total Tau protein level in SH-SY5Y cells showed no statistically significant difference among the three groups(F=1.807,P＞0.05).However,there was a statistically significant difference in the level of p-Tau-ser396 in SH-SY5Y cells among the three groups(F=18.397,P＜0.05).Specifically,the level of p-Tau-ser396 in SH-SY5Y cells in the C22:0 and C24:0 groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05),and the level of p-Tau-ser396 in SH-SY5Y cells in the C24:0 group was significantly higher than that in the C22:0 group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the GSK-3 β protein level in SH-SY5Y cells among the three groups(F=0.351,P＞0.05).However,there was a statistically significant difference in the level of p-GSK-3β-Ser9 in SH-SY5Y cells among the three groups(F=13.330,P＜0.05).Specifically,the level of p-GSK-3β-ser9 in SH-SY5Y cells in the C22:0 and C24:0 groups was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in the level of p-GSK-3β-ser9 in SH-SY5Y cells between the C22:0 group and C24:0 group(P＞0.05).The MDA level in SH-SY5Y cells in the C24:0 group was significantly higher than that in the control group and C22:0 group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the MDA level in SH-SY5Y cells between the control group and C22:0 group(P＞0.05).The fluorescence recovery rate and diffusion coefficient of SH-SY5Y cells in the C22:0 and C24:0 groups showed a decreasing trend compared to the control group,but there was no statistically significant difference in the fluorescence recovery rate and diffusion coefficient of SH-SY5Y cells among the three groups(F=3.891,3.649,P＞0.05).Conclusion Very-long-chain saturated fatty acids C22:0 and C24:0 can promote hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein,induce cellular oxidative damage,and tend to reduce the fluidity cell membranes.Very-long-chain saturated fatty acids may be one of the factors that cause the onset of AD.

Objective To develop and validate a risk prediction model based on early platelet-related parameters for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU),and to facilitate early identification and intervention in high-risk populations.Methods Clinical data of 291 preterm infants with a gestational age(GA)≤32 weeks or a birth weight(BW)＜1 500 g,admitted to the NICU,were retrospectively analyzed.Out of these,214 cases were selected as the modeling group.This group was further categorized into the BPD group(n=76)and the non-BPD group(n=138),based on whether they required oxygen therapy at 28 days post-birth.Perinatal data,platelet-related parameters and other indicators between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify BPD risk factors,followed by the construction of a nomogram.An additional cohort of 105 preterm infants with GA≤32 weeks or BW＜1 500 g,were used to validate the model.This cohort was divided into the BPD group(n=43)and the non-BPD(n=62)group.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and calibration curve were used to internally verify the efficiency of the prediction model.Results The Logistic regression analysis identified GA,BW,Apgar score at 5 minutes≤7,invasive ventilation,platelet count(PLT)and mean platelet volume(MPV)as significant factors in the model(P＜0.05).The constructed nomogram was formulated using R language,and the areas under the ROC curve(AUC)for the three models were 0.908,0.931 and 0.918,respectively(P＜0.05).The verification group was verified by Bootstrap.The calibration curve showed a good fit.The internal validation AUC values of the three models were 0.877,0.890 and 0.886,respectively.Conclusion GA,BW,invasive ventilation,Apgar score at 5 minutes≤7,MPV and PLT are key risk factors for BPD onset.The risk prediction model based on these indicators can effectively predict BPD,providing clinicians with a valuable tool for early detection and intervention in the development of BPD.

Objective:To investigate the rates of low disease activity and clinical remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in a real-world setting,and to analyze the related factors of low disease activity and clinical remission.Methods:One thousand patients with SLE were enrolled from 11 teaching hospitals.Demographic,clinical and laboratory data,as well as treatment regimes were collec-ted by self-completed questionnaire.The rates of low disease activity and remission were calculated based on the lupus low disease activity state(LLDAS)and definitions of remission in SLE(DORIS).Charac-teristics of patients with LLDAS and DORIS were analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the related factors of LLDAS and DORIS remission.Results:20.7％of patients met the criteria of LLDAS,while 10.4％of patients achieved remission defined by DORIS.Patients who met LLDAS or DORIS remission had significantly higher proportion of patients with high income and longer disease duration,compared with non-remission group.Moreover,the rates of anemia,creatinine eleva-tion,increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and hypoalbuminemia was significantly lower in the LLDAS or DORIS group than in the non-remission group.Patients who received hydroxychloroquine for more than 12 months or immunosuppressant therapy for no less than 6 months earned higher rates of LLDAS and DORIS remission.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that increased ESR,positive anti-dsDNA antibodies,low level of complement(C3 and C4),proteinuria,low household in-come were negatively related with LLDAS and DORIS remission.However,hydroxychloroquine usage for longer than 12 months were positively related with LLDAS and DORIS remission.Conclusion:LLDAS and DORIS remission of SLE patients remain to be improved.Treatment-to-target strategy and standar-dized application of hydroxychloroquine and immunosuppressants in SLE are recommended.

BACKGROUND:Red light therapy has the non-invasive and cost-effective characteristics,and is widely used in various acute and chronic pains in clinic.However,currently,the phototherapy equipment used in clinic is expensive and has certain site limitations,so it is necessary to explore more convenient and economical phototherapy applications. OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of a self-developed photon cervical vertebra massage instrument for chronic neck pain. METHODS:From November 2022 to February 2023,24 patients with chronic neck pain were recruited from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,including 18 females and 6 males,with a mean age of(29.67±6.40)years.The body mass index was(21.39±3.52)kg/m2.Photon cervical vertebra massage instrument was used twice a day for 20 minutes each time for four weeks.The changes in visual analog scale score,pressure pain threshold,neck active activity,neck disability index,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index were observed before,after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with before treatment,after four weeks of treatment,visual analog scale score,pressure pain threshold,neck disability index,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index were all improved(P<0.05),while some cervical motion(extension,left and right rotation)improved(P<0.05)after 4 weeks of treatment.(2)Bilateral visual analog scale scores,left trapezius muscle pressure pain threshold,C5C6 pressure pain threshold,and neck disability index improved after 2 weeks of treatment(P<0.05).(3)It is indicated that the application of photon cervical vertebra massage instrument can improve the pain score,muscle tenderness,sleep quality,functional level,and partial active activity of patients with chronic neck pain in a short period,and is a convenient,effective,and safe treatment method.

BACKGROUND:The study of the lumbar spine and pelvis in patients with Lenke type 5 lordosis is limited to the coronal and sagittal planes,and the three-dimensional relationship between the scoliosis and the pelvis has not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of lumbar scoliosis on the pelvis in patients with Lenke type 5 lordosis and to study the correlation between the lumbar spine and the three-dimensional spatial position of the pelvis. METHODS:Imaging data of 60 patients with Lenke type 5 lordosis scoliosis admitted to the 3D Printing Reception Center of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2019 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,including Cobb angle,coronal pelvic tilt,lumbar lordosis,left and right pelvic hip width ratio(sacroiliac-anterior superior iliac spine),spinal rotation angle,pelvic tilt,sacral slope,pelvic incidence,coronal deformity angular ratio,sagittal deformity angular ratio,C7 plumb line-center sacral vertical line,apical vertebral translation,and coronal sacral inclination.The information was summarized as a database.SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data related to the lumbar spine and pelvis of the patients with Lenke type 5 primary lumbar curvature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using Spearman's correlation analysis and linear regression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Cobb angle was highly positively correlated with coronal deformity angular ratio,apical vertebral translation,and spinal rotation angle(r=0.91,r=0.841,r=0.736).(2)Coronal deformity angular ratio was highly positively correlated with apical vertebral translation(r=0.737),moderately positively correlated with C7 plumb line-center sacral vertical line(r=0.514),and moderately negatively correlated with sagittal deformity angular ratio(r=-0.595).(3)There was a high positive correlation between lumbar lordosis and sagittal deformity angular ratio(r=0.942)and a moderate negative correlation with coronal deformity angular ratio(r=-0.554).(4)There was a moderate positive correlation between Cobb angle with coronal pelvic tilt and coronal sacral inclination(r=0.522,r=0.534)and a moderate positive correlation between C7 plumb line-center sacral vertical line and coronal pelvic tilt(r=0.507).Apical vertebral translation with coronal pelvic tilt and coronal sacral inclination showed a moderate positive correlation(r=0.507,r=0.506).Lumbar lordosis with sacral slope and pelvic incidence showed a moderate positive correlation(r=0.512,r=0.538).Sagittal deformity angular ratio was moderately positively correlated with sacral slope and pelvic incidence(r=0.614,r=0.621).(5)Studies have found that the relative position of the lumbar spine and the pelvis is closely related in the horizontal,sagittal and coronal planes.When the lumbar spine affects scoliosis and is rotated,the relative position of the pelvis will also change to compensate,which indicates that while correcting scoliosis,the correction of the pelvis cannot be ignored.

Objective To investigate the expression of histone deacetylase(HDAC)isoforms in the frontal lobe,hippo-campus and liver of offspring rats delivered by rats with maternal immune activation and their correlation with the efficiency of prepulse inhibition(PPI％).Methods Ten pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the model group(n=5)and control group(n=5).The rats in the model group were injected with 10 mg·kg-1 polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid(Poly I:C)via the caudal vein on the 9th day of pregnancy,while rats in the control group were given the same volume of sterile physiological saline.After 3 h,blood was collected from the caudal vein,and the levels of interleukin(IL)-1 β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the plasma of pregnant rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the immune activation status.The pregnant rats in the two groups were fed until natural delivery,the offspring rats were weaned on the 21st day after birth,and the male offspring rats were fed continuously.A prepulse inhibition test was performed at puberty(the 40th day after birth)to evaluate the spatial recognition memory and sensory gating function of the offspring rats.The expression levels of the HDAC gene family in the hippocampus,frontal lobe and liver of offspring rats were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The plasma IL-6,IL-1 β and TNF-α levels in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).When the prepulse stimulation was 75 dB,the PPI％of the offspring rats at puberty in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).When the prepulse stimulation was 80 and 85 dB,there was no significant difference in PPI％between the model group and the control group(P＞0.05).In the frontal lobe,the expression levels of HDAC3,HDAC4,HDAC8,HDAC9,HDAC10 and Sirt mRNA in the offspring rats in the model group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while the expression level of HDAC5 mRNA was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);there were no significant differences in the expression levels of HDAC1,HDAC2,HDAC6,HDAC7 and HDAC11 mRNA between the model group and the control group(P＞0.05).In the hippocampus,the offspring rats in the model group had significantly lower expression levels of HDAC1,HDAC8 and HDAC10 mRNA and significantly higher expression levels of HDAC2 and HDAC5 mRNA than those in the control group(P＜0.05);there were no significant differences in the expression levels of HDAC3,HDAC4,HDAC6,HDAC7,HDAC9,HDAC11 and Sirt mRNA between the model group and control group(P＞0.05).In the liver tissue,the expression levels of HDAC6 and HDAC10 mRNA of the offspring rats in the model group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);there were no significant differences in the expression levels of HDAC1,HDAC2,HDAC3,HDAC4,HDAC5,HDAC7,HDAC8,HDAC9,HDAC11 and Sirt mRNA between the model group and the control group(P＞0.05).The expression level of HDAC2 mRNA in the hippocampus of offspring rats in the two groups was negatively correlated with PPI％at 75 dB(r=-0.965,P＜0.05),the expression levels of HDAC10 and Sirt mRNA in frontal lobe tissues were positively correlated with PPI％at 75dB(r=0.946,0.925;P＜0.05).Conclusion Pregnancy Poly I:C infection has significant effects on the expression of HDAC family proteins in offspring rats,and which is related to the impairment of early sensory gating,this may provide new ideas for the research in pathogenesis and drug treatment of schizophrenia.