OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of different sterilization methods on 3D-printed polylactic acid(PLA)guide plates for orthopedic surgery,and to analyze their physical properties,microbial contamination,structural performance and bio compatibility after sterilization.METHODS PLA guide plates for orthopedic surgery were prepared with 3D printing technology and divided into a blank group,a hydrogen peroxide plasma steriliza-tion group,an ethylene oxide sterilization group and a pressure steam sterilization group.Before and after sterili-zation,the changes in volume and weight of the surgical guide plates were measured,microbial detection was con-ducted,structural changes were observed with a laser scanning confocal microscope,and cell co-culture was con-ducted to evaluate biocompatibility,thereby the effects of different sterilization methods were assessed.RESULTS The three sterilization methods had no significant effect on the volume and weight of PLA surgical guide plates.Microbial detection showed that all three sterilization methods were effective in killing bacteria,and bacte-rial cultures were negative.Laser confocal scanning microscopy revealed that sterilization treatment caused certain changes to the microstructure of the surgical guide plates,but high-temperature sterilization had a more pro-nounced effect on the deformation of the guide plate edges.Cell co-culture results indicated that the surgical guide plates treated with the three sterilization methods exhibited acceptable cytotoxicity and had little effect on cell pro-liferation.CONCLUSIONS All three sterilization methods cause microstructural changes to the surgical guide plate.Among them,pressure steam sterilization significantly deforms the structure of the guide plate,directly af-fecting its precise positioning of mutual spatial distances,angular relationships and orientation during surgery.Al-though hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization does not cause significant deformation,ethylene oxide sterilization has the least impact on material properties and structural stability while ensuring the sterilization effect of PLA surgical guide plates.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of different sterilization methods on 3D-printed polylactic acid(PLA)guide plates for orthopedic surgery,and to analyze their physical properties,microbial contamination,structural performance and bio compatibility after sterilization.METHODS PLA guide plates for orthopedic surgery were prepared with 3D printing technology and divided into a blank group,a hydrogen peroxide plasma steriliza-tion group,an ethylene oxide sterilization group and a pressure steam sterilization group.Before and after sterili-zation,the changes in volume and weight of the surgical guide plates were measured,microbial detection was con-ducted,structural changes were observed with a laser scanning confocal microscope,and cell co-culture was con-ducted to evaluate biocompatibility,thereby the effects of different sterilization methods were assessed.RESULTS The three sterilization methods had no significant effect on the volume and weight of PLA surgical guide plates.Microbial detection showed that all three sterilization methods were effective in killing bacteria,and bacte-rial cultures were negative.Laser confocal scanning microscopy revealed that sterilization treatment caused certain changes to the microstructure of the surgical guide plates,but high-temperature sterilization had a more pro-nounced effect on the deformation of the guide plate edges.Cell co-culture results indicated that the surgical guide plates treated with the three sterilization methods exhibited acceptable cytotoxicity and had little effect on cell pro-liferation.CONCLUSIONS All three sterilization methods cause microstructural changes to the surgical guide plate.Among them,pressure steam sterilization significantly deforms the structure of the guide plate,directly af-fecting its precise positioning of mutual spatial distances,angular relationships and orientation during surgery.Al-though hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization does not cause significant deformation,ethylene oxide sterilization has the least impact on material properties and structural stability while ensuring the sterilization effect of PLA surgical guide plates.

Background: Developing and validating a modified parameter, the SYS-G angle (the angle between the lower endplate of the C2 and the upper endplate of C7 vertebrae), as a feasible substitute for the C2–C7 Cobb method in assessing cervical sagittal alignment and exploring its reference range through a large-scale retrospective study. Methods: The visibility of the C6, C7 upper, and C7 lower endplates was graded and compared. Baseline data such as height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age, and sex were analyzed for their impact on the visibility of the C7 lower endplate. Values of C2-6 Cobb angle, SYS-G angle, and C2-7 Cobb angle were measured. The intra- and interobserver reliability, differences, and efficacy of evaluation on cervical lordosis of the parameters were compared, and the correlations among the parameters were analyzed. Furthermore, reference ranges for the SYS-G angle were established based on lateral cervical spine x-rays of 825 asymptomatic Chinese adults across different age groups and sexes. Results: The visibility of the C7 lower endplates was significantly reduced compared to the C6 lower and C7 upper endplates.Age, weight, BMI, and male sex were identified as factors negatively influencing the visibility of the C7 lower endplate. Both intraobserver and interobserver reliability demonstrated excellence for all tested parameters. The linear regression model unveiled a stronger association of the SYS-G angle with the C2-7 Cobb angle compared to the C2-6 Cobb angle. Furthermore, the SYS-G angle exhibited excellent efficacy in evaluating cervical lordosis. Age displayed a positive correlation with the SYS-G angle, and across every age bracket from 20 to 69 years, men exhibited a higher mean SYS-G angle compared to women. Conclusions The visibility of the C7 lower endplate diminishes with increasing age, weight, BMI, and male sex. In cases where the C7 lower endplate is unclear, the SYS-G angle emerges as a reliable method for estimating cervical sagittal morphology. Reference ranges for the SYS-G angle were established across various age groups and sexes among asymptomatic Chinese adults, offering a valuable resource to guide therapeutic interventions for cervical spine disorders and deformities.

Background: Developing and validating a modified parameter, the SYS-G angle (the angle between the lower endplate of the C2 and the upper endplate of C7 vertebrae), as a feasible substitute for the C2–C7 Cobb method in assessing cervical sagittal alignment and exploring its reference range through a large-scale retrospective study. Methods: The visibility of the C6, C7 upper, and C7 lower endplates was graded and compared. Baseline data such as height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age, and sex were analyzed for their impact on the visibility of the C7 lower endplate. Values of C2-6 Cobb angle, SYS-G angle, and C2-7 Cobb angle were measured. The intra- and interobserver reliability, differences, and efficacy of evaluation on cervical lordosis of the parameters were compared, and the correlations among the parameters were analyzed. Furthermore, reference ranges for the SYS-G angle were established based on lateral cervical spine x-rays of 825 asymptomatic Chinese adults across different age groups and sexes. Results: The visibility of the C7 lower endplates was significantly reduced compared to the C6 lower and C7 upper endplates.Age, weight, BMI, and male sex were identified as factors negatively influencing the visibility of the C7 lower endplate. Both intraobserver and interobserver reliability demonstrated excellence for all tested parameters. The linear regression model unveiled a stronger association of the SYS-G angle with the C2-7 Cobb angle compared to the C2-6 Cobb angle. Furthermore, the SYS-G angle exhibited excellent efficacy in evaluating cervical lordosis. Age displayed a positive correlation with the SYS-G angle, and across every age bracket from 20 to 69 years, men exhibited a higher mean SYS-G angle compared to women. Conclusions The visibility of the C7 lower endplate diminishes with increasing age, weight, BMI, and male sex. In cases where the C7 lower endplate is unclear, the SYS-G angle emerges as a reliable method for estimating cervical sagittal morphology. Reference ranges for the SYS-G angle were established across various age groups and sexes among asymptomatic Chinese adults, offering a valuable resource to guide therapeutic interventions for cervical spine disorders and deformities.

Background: Developing and validating a modified parameter, the SYS-G angle (the angle between the lower endplate of the C2 and the upper endplate of C7 vertebrae), as a feasible substitute for the C2–C7 Cobb method in assessing cervical sagittal alignment and exploring its reference range through a large-scale retrospective study. Methods: The visibility of the C6, C7 upper, and C7 lower endplates was graded and compared. Baseline data such as height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age, and sex were analyzed for their impact on the visibility of the C7 lower endplate. Values of C2-6 Cobb angle, SYS-G angle, and C2-7 Cobb angle were measured. The intra- and interobserver reliability, differences, and efficacy of evaluation on cervical lordosis of the parameters were compared, and the correlations among the parameters were analyzed. Furthermore, reference ranges for the SYS-G angle were established based on lateral cervical spine x-rays of 825 asymptomatic Chinese adults across different age groups and sexes. Results: The visibility of the C7 lower endplates was significantly reduced compared to the C6 lower and C7 upper endplates.Age, weight, BMI, and male sex were identified as factors negatively influencing the visibility of the C7 lower endplate. Both intraobserver and interobserver reliability demonstrated excellence for all tested parameters. The linear regression model unveiled a stronger association of the SYS-G angle with the C2-7 Cobb angle compared to the C2-6 Cobb angle. Furthermore, the SYS-G angle exhibited excellent efficacy in evaluating cervical lordosis. Age displayed a positive correlation with the SYS-G angle, and across every age bracket from 20 to 69 years, men exhibited a higher mean SYS-G angle compared to women. Conclusions The visibility of the C7 lower endplate diminishes with increasing age, weight, BMI, and male sex. In cases where the C7 lower endplate is unclear, the SYS-G angle emerges as a reliable method for estimating cervical sagittal morphology. Reference ranges for the SYS-G angle were established across various age groups and sexes among asymptomatic Chinese adults, offering a valuable resource to guide therapeutic interventions for cervical spine disorders and deformities.

Background: Developing and validating a modified parameter, the SYS-G angle (the angle between the lower endplate of the C2 and the upper endplate of C7 vertebrae), as a feasible substitute for the C2–C7 Cobb method in assessing cervical sagittal alignment and exploring its reference range through a large-scale retrospective study. Methods: The visibility of the C6, C7 upper, and C7 lower endplates was graded and compared. Baseline data such as height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age, and sex were analyzed for their impact on the visibility of the C7 lower endplate. Values of C2-6 Cobb angle, SYS-G angle, and C2-7 Cobb angle were measured. The intra- and interobserver reliability, differences, and efficacy of evaluation on cervical lordosis of the parameters were compared, and the correlations among the parameters were analyzed. Furthermore, reference ranges for the SYS-G angle were established based on lateral cervical spine x-rays of 825 asymptomatic Chinese adults across different age groups and sexes. Results: The visibility of the C7 lower endplates was significantly reduced compared to the C6 lower and C7 upper endplates.Age, weight, BMI, and male sex were identified as factors negatively influencing the visibility of the C7 lower endplate. Both intraobserver and interobserver reliability demonstrated excellence for all tested parameters. The linear regression model unveiled a stronger association of the SYS-G angle with the C2-7 Cobb angle compared to the C2-6 Cobb angle. Furthermore, the SYS-G angle exhibited excellent efficacy in evaluating cervical lordosis. Age displayed a positive correlation with the SYS-G angle, and across every age bracket from 20 to 69 years, men exhibited a higher mean SYS-G angle compared to women. Conclusions The visibility of the C7 lower endplate diminishes with increasing age, weight, BMI, and male sex. In cases where the C7 lower endplate is unclear, the SYS-G angle emerges as a reliable method for estimating cervical sagittal morphology. Reference ranges for the SYS-G angle were established across various age groups and sexes among asymptomatic Chinese adults, offering a valuable resource to guide therapeutic interventions for cervical spine disorders and deformities.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects of Compound qinbai granules on ulcerative colitis （UC） in rats and its mechanism based on short-chain fatty acid （SCFA） and their targets G protein-coupled receptor （GPR）. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （12 rats） and model group （30 rats）； the model group was given 5% dextran sulfate sodium solution to induce the UC model. Model rats were divided into the model group， positive control group [Mesalazine enteric-coated tablets 270 mg/（kg·d）] and Compound qinbai granules group [2.52 g/（kg·d）]， with 9 rats in each group. Rats in each group were orally administered with normal saline or corresponding medication twice a day， for three consecutive weeks. During intragastric administration， the general conditions of rats in each group were observed， and the disease activity index （DAI） scores were assessed after the last administration. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines （tumor necrosis factor-α， interleukin-6） and anti-inflammatory cytokines （transforming growth factor-β1， interleukin-10） were measured. Pathological changes in their colonic tissues were observed and scored. Additionally， the content of SCFA （acetic acid， propionic acid and butyric acid） in their feces as well as the protein and mRNA expressions of GPR41， GPR43 and GPR109A in colonic tissues were detected. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， rats in the model group exhibited lethargy and obvious blood in their feces； the colonic tissue structure was severely damaged， with pathological changes such as notable glandular loss， edema， and inflammatory cell infiltration visible； the serum levels of pro- inflammatory cytokines， DAI score and colonic pathology score were significantly increased， while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines， SCFA content， and protein and mRNA expressions of GPR41， GPR43 and GPR109A were significantly decreased or down-regulated （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the general condition and pathological changes of colonic tissue in each administration group showed improvement， with significant reversal observed in the aforementioned quantitative indicators （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Compound qinbai granules can alleviate intestinal inflammation and intestinal mucosal damage in UC rats. These effects may be related to its ability to restore intestinal SCFA levels and the expression of their target GPR.

Lipidomics is an emerging discipline that systematically studies the various types,functions,and metabolic pathways of lipids within living organisms.This field compares changes in diseases or drug impact,identifying biomarkers and molecular mechanisms present in lipid metabolic networks across different physiological or pathological states.Through employing analytical chemistry within the realm of lipidomics,researchers analyze traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).This analysis aids in uncovering potential mechanisms for treating diverse physiopathological conditions,assessing drug efficacy,un-derstanding mechanisms of action and toxicity,and generating innovative ideas for disease prevention and treatment.This manuscript assesses recent literature,summarizing existing lipidomics technologies and their applications in TCM research.It delineates the efficacy,mechanisms,and toxicity research related to lipidomics in Chinese medicine.Additionally,it explores the utilization of lipidomics in quality control research for Chinese medicine,aiming to expand the application of lipidomics within this field.Ultimately,this initiative seeks to foster the integration of traditional medicine theory with modern science and technology,promoting an organic fusion between the two domains.

Lipidomics is an emerging discipline that systematically studies the various types, functions, and metabolic pathways of lipids within living organisms. This field compares changes in diseases or drug impact, identifying biomarkers and molecular mechanisms present in lipid metabolic networks across different physiological or pathological states. Through employing analytical chemistry within the realm of lipidomics, researchers analyze traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This analysis aids in uncovering potential mechanisms for treating diverse physiopathological conditions, assessing drug efficacy, understanding mechanisms of action and toxicity, and generating innovative ideas for disease prevention and treatment. This manuscript assesses recent literature, summarizing existing lipidomics technologies and their applications in TCM research. It delineates the efficacy, mechanisms, and toxicity research related to lipidomics in Chinese medicine. Additionally, it explores the utilization of lipidomics in quality control research for Chinese medicine, aiming to expand the application of lipidomics within this field. Ultimately, this initiative seeks to foster the integration of traditional medicine theory with modern science and technology, promoting an organic fusion between the two domains.

OBJECTIVE To establish a liquid chromatography massspectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method for quantitatively determining the concentration of cepharanthine in rat plasma and tissue samples after intravenous injection of cepharanthine hydrochloride.METHODS ①The LC-MS/MS method was adopted.A Phenomenex C18(3.0 mm×50 mm,2.6 μm)column was employed with a mobile phase consisting of 0.05%formic acid-2 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate-water solution and 0.1%formic acid-acetonitrile solution under gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.6 mL·min-1.The determination was performed using positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode assays:cepharanthine(m/z:607.3→365.1)and buspirone(IS)(m/z:386.4→122.2).② Blood samples were collected from 6 SD rats at different time points following a single iv administration of cepharanthine to determine the concentration of the drug.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model.③72 SD rats were subjected to tissue distribution experiments after a single and multiple iv administra-tion of cepharanthine,and tissue samples were collected at six different time points(n=6)for the quanti-fication of drug concentrations.④ The whole blood plasma distribution ratio(Rb/p)of cepharanthine hydrochloride(7.5 mg·kg-1)in 3 SD rats was determined 2 h after iv administration.⑤The protein binding of cepharanthine to rat plasma and lung tissue homogenates was determined by equilibrium dialysis before the concentration of the free drug within the lungs was calculated.RESULTS ① An LC-MS/MS method for quantitatively determining cepharanthine in rat plasma and tissue homogenates was devel-oped,which demonstrated an excellent linear relationship(r2>0.999)within the concentration range of 2 to 1000 μg·L-1,with a lower limit of quantification at 2 μg·L-1.The obtained results met all the require-ments for accurate quantitative detection.②The main pharmacokinetic parameters of cepharanthine in rats following a single iv administration were as follows:C0=(686.91±238.43)μg·L-1,t1/2=(29.70±6.29)h,Vz=(62.70±7.93)L·kg-1,Vss=(62.55±11.28)L·kg-1,CL=(1.50±0.23)L·h-1·kg-1 and AUC(0-t)=(4.52±0.61)h·mg·L-1.③ Concentrations in tissues exceeded those in plasma after both a single and multiple iv administration,with the highest levels in the lung.The values of AUC(0-t)in lungs were(2 547.35±156.56)and(4 481.35±479.21)h·mg·L-1 after a single and multiple iv administration,respectively.④ The content of cepharanthine in blood cells was higher than that in plasma,and Rb/p was 3.5±0.8.⑤ After correction by the protein-binding rate,the minimum concentration of free drugs in the lungs(95.04 μg·L-1)exceeded the reported antiviral activity threshold against coronaviruses(EC50=60.67 μg·L-1).CONCLUSION An LC-MS/MS method has been established to rapidly and sensitively determine the concentration of cepharanthine in rat plasma and tissues.Following intravenous administration of ceph-aranthine hydrochloride,the pulmonary exposure level of the drug is significantly higher in plasma and other tissues,providing data for evaluating its in vivo pharmacological activities.