Temporal interference (TI) is a form of stimulation that epitomizes an innovative and non-invasive approach for profound neuromodulation of the brain, a technique that has been validated in mice. Yet, the thin cranial bone structure of mice has a marginal influence on the effect of the TI technique and may not effectively showcase its effectiveness in larger animals. Based on this, we carried out TI stimulation experiments on rats. Following the TI intervention, analysis of electrophysiological data and immunofluorescence staining indicated the generation of a stimulation focus within the nucleus accumbens (depth, 8.5 mm) in rats. Our findings affirm the viability of the TI methodology in the presence of thick cranial bones, furnishing efficacious parameters for profound stimulation with TI administered under such conditions. This experiment not only sheds light on the intervention effects of TI deep in the brain but also furnishes robust evidence in support of its prospective clinical utility.
Animals ; Deep Brain Stimulation/methods* ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology* ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Objective:To analyze the gene chip related to dermatomyositis based on bioinformatics,to explore the immune in-filtration mechanism of key genes in dermatomyositis by CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm,and to predict the therapeutic targets of dermatomyositis by network pharmacology.Methods:The gene microarray of dermatomyositis was searched in GEO database,and the differentially coexpressed genes were screened and analyzed.The differentially coexpressed genes were analyzed by GO analysis,KEGG analysis,protein interaction network construction(PPI)by R software package.Verify the expression levels of key genes,and the correlation of immune cell infiltration was analyzed by CIBERSORT deconvolution method.Through the medical ontology informa-tion retrieval platform Coremine medical database,the traditional Chinese medicine treatment targets of dermatomyositis were screened and summarized.Results:A total of 196 differentially expressed genes were screened.GO enrichment analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in defense response to virus,blood particles,double-stranded RNA binding,polypeptide antigen binding,and so on.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that it was enriched in RIG-Ⅰ-like receptor sig-nal pathway,Toll-like receptor signal pathway and other signal pathways related to the pathogenesis of dermatomyositis.Finally,four key genes of dermatomyositis,STAT1,ISG15,IRF7 and IRF9 were obtained.Through CIBERSORT algorithm,M1 macrophages,M2 macrophages and CD8+T cells were the three kinds of cells with the highest average proportion and the most obvious immune infil-tration,and there was a significant positive correlation between activated natural killer cells and activated dendritic cells,while there was a significant negative correlation between resting mast cells and activated mast cells.The therapeutic targets of traditional Chinese medicine such as fish brain stone were predicted based on Coremine medical database;through channel analysis,it could be found that these traditional Chinese medicines are mainly attributed to liver meridian,lung meridian,spleen meridian;efficacy analysis is mainly focused on clearing heat,detoxification,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,relieving cough and resolving phlegm and so on.Conclusion:Four key genes and some key signal pathways of dermatomyositis,STAT1,ISG15,IRF7 and IRF9 were obtained by bioinformatics method,the immune infiltration mechanism was analyzed by CIBERSORT algorithm,and the thera-peutic potential targets of traditional Chinese medicine were screened out to provide direction for the pathogenesis and treatment of der-matomyositis.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for assisted weaning from nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks of gestation) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).Methods:This multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled extremely preterm infants with BPD receiving NCPAP beyond one month postnatally at three tertiary hospitals (Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, and Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital) from December 2017 to June 2024. After meeting weaning criteria, these infants transitioned to low-flow nasal cannula (LFNC group, n=51) or HFNC (HFNC group, n=60). Primary outcomes were initial weaning success and total NCPAP duration. Secondary outcomes included oxygen therapy duration, time to full enteral feeding, hospital stay, and oxygen therapy at discharge. Safety outcomes encompassed pneumothorax, nasal trauma, new-onset necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, sepsis, and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage. Group differences were analyzed using independent t-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and Chi-square tests, with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) adjusting confounders followed by logistic/linear regression. Results:After IPTW (HFNC group: 54.8 cases; LFNC group: 53.0 cases), no statistically significant differences were observed in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between groups, including gestational age, birth weight, BPD severity, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, and duration of antibiotic exposure (all P>0.05). HFNC group demonstrated higher initial weaning success rate [83.2% (45.6/54.8) vs. 61.6% (32.6/53.0), OR=3.087, 95% CI: 1.027-9.281, P=0.044] and a significant reduction of 13.7 days in total NCPAP duration [25.0 (21.0-35.3) vs. 42.0 (29.4-61.0) days, β=－13.700, 95% CI:－21.372 to－6.027, P<0.001]. Secondary outcomes showed no significant differences between HFNC and LFNC groups: oxygen therapy duration [70.0 (51.8-81.9) vs. 68.0 (59.2-83.1) days], time to full enteral feeding [41.0 (31.0-59.0) vs. 45.0 (40.0-61.6) days], hospital stay [87.0 (74.6-98.5) vs. 93.7 (74.0-102.7) days], and oxygen therapy at discharge [16.6% (9.1/54.8) vs. 13.8% (7.3/53.0)] (all P>0.05). Safety outcomes were comparable between HFNC and LFNC groups: pneumothorax [2.8% (1.5/54.8) vs. 5.1% (2.7/53.0)], nasal trauma [3.8% (2.1/54.8) vs. 11.6% (6.2/53.0)], new-onset necrotizing enterocolitis [6.9% (3.8/54.8) vs. 5.5% (2.9/53.0)], and retinopathy of prematurity [14.4% (7.9/54.8) vs. 17.9% (9.5/53.0)] (all P>0.05). Conclusion:HFNC-assisted weaning may improve initial success and reduce NCPAP duration in BPD extremely preterm infants without increasing adverse events versus LFNC.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of dietary habits on the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in elderly individuals undergoing health check-ups.Methods:In the cross-sectional study, we enrolled individuals aged 60-70 years with fasting plasma glucose (FPG)≥6.0 mmol/L who underwent health examinations at the Health Management Medical Center of Wenjiang District People's Hospital in Chengdu from 2019 to 2022.Demographic characteristics, dietary habit questionnaires, and FPG values were collected.Unconditional binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the natural progression from prediabetes to T2DM.A nomogram prediction model was established based on logistic regression results, and its predictive performance was evaluated by calculating the C-statistics and drawing a calibration curve.Results:A total of 13 681 elderly participants with FPG ≥6.0 mmol/L were included, comprising 4 306(31.5%)prediabetes cases(FPG 6.0-7.0 mmol/L), aged(63.54±16.49)years and 9 375(68.5%)T2DM cases(FPG>7.0 mmol/L), aged(63.09±16.21)years.Unconditional binary logistic regression analysis showed that frequent breakfast( OR=0.777, 95% CI: 0.696-0.868, P<0.001), dietary preference for light diet( OR=0.781, 95% CI: 0.710-0.858, P<0.001), salty taste( OR=0.571, 95% CI: 0.504-0.648, P<0.001), raw food( OR=0.327, 95% CI: 0.224-0.478, P<0.001)and spicy taste( OR=0.124, 95% CI: 0.112-0.137, P<0.001)were the protective factors for the conversion of prediabetes to the T2DM stage in the elderly physical examination population.While fast eating rate( OR=4.327, 95% CI: 3.978-4.772, P<0.001), dietary preference for sweets( OR=5.168, 95% CI: 4.703-5.678, P<0.001), and high-fat diet( OR=1.401, 95% CI: 1.275-1.539, P<0.001)were risk factors for conversion of prediabetes to T2DM stage.C-statistic of the Nomogram prediction model was 0.781; the goodness-of-fit test of the calibration curve was χ2=11.258, P=0.188, and the model predicted well. Conclusions:Regular breakfast, light diet, and dietary preferences for salty, raw, and spicy foods were protective factors for the transition from prediabetes to T2DM stage, whereas rapid eating rate, preference for sweets, and high-fat diets were risk factors for the transition from prediabetes to T2DM stage in the medical examination population.The constructed risk prediction model helped to find out the magnitude of the risk of T2DM in an individual, which increases the evidence for the transition from prediabetes to T2DM stage prevention evidence.

Objective To explore the quality markers of Puerariae Lobatue Radix;To predict its"efficacy component group"with alcohol detoxification and liver protection effects.Methods Fingerprints of 26 batches of Puerariae Lobatue Radix samples from different origins in China was established.Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to identify quality markers,while network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict the potential"efficacy component group".Results UPLC fingerprint analysis calibrated 11 common peaks.Clustering analysis classified 26 batches of samples into 3 categories,and 7 quality markers were ultimately screened through multivariate statistical analysis,including mirificin,puerarin,puerarin-6''-O-xyloside,3'-methoxypuerarin,ononin,genistin and daidzin.Network pharmacology revealed that all 7 markers interacted with targets related to alcohol-associated liver disease,identifying 19 core targets such as TNF,CASP3,BCL2,MMP9,IL2,and 93 signaling pathways involving IL-17 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinity between the 7 markers and target proteins,with binding energies<-5 kcal/mol.Conclusion The"efficacy component group",main targets and signaling pathways predicted in this study can provide support for the research on the mechanism,material basis and quality control of the alcohol detoxification and liver protection effects of Puerariae Lobatue Radix.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of dietary habits on the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in elderly individuals undergoing health check-ups.Methods:In the cross-sectional study, we enrolled individuals aged 60-70 years with fasting plasma glucose (FPG)≥6.0 mmol/L who underwent health examinations at the Health Management Medical Center of Wenjiang District People's Hospital in Chengdu from 2019 to 2022.Demographic characteristics, dietary habit questionnaires, and FPG values were collected.Unconditional binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the natural progression from prediabetes to T2DM.A nomogram prediction model was established based on logistic regression results, and its predictive performance was evaluated by calculating the C-statistics and drawing a calibration curve.Results:A total of 13 681 elderly participants with FPG ≥6.0 mmol/L were included, comprising 4 306(31.5%)prediabetes cases(FPG 6.0-7.0 mmol/L), aged(63.54±16.49)years and 9 375(68.5%)T2DM cases(FPG>7.0 mmol/L), aged(63.09±16.21)years.Unconditional binary logistic regression analysis showed that frequent breakfast( OR=0.777, 95% CI: 0.696-0.868, P<0.001), dietary preference for light diet( OR=0.781, 95% CI: 0.710-0.858, P<0.001), salty taste( OR=0.571, 95% CI: 0.504-0.648, P<0.001), raw food( OR=0.327, 95% CI: 0.224-0.478, P<0.001)and spicy taste( OR=0.124, 95% CI: 0.112-0.137, P<0.001)were the protective factors for the conversion of prediabetes to the T2DM stage in the elderly physical examination population.While fast eating rate( OR=4.327, 95% CI: 3.978-4.772, P<0.001), dietary preference for sweets( OR=5.168, 95% CI: 4.703-5.678, P<0.001), and high-fat diet( OR=1.401, 95% CI: 1.275-1.539, P<0.001)were risk factors for conversion of prediabetes to T2DM stage.C-statistic of the Nomogram prediction model was 0.781; the goodness-of-fit test of the calibration curve was χ2=11.258, P=0.188, and the model predicted well. Conclusions:Regular breakfast, light diet, and dietary preferences for salty, raw, and spicy foods were protective factors for the transition from prediabetes to T2DM stage, whereas rapid eating rate, preference for sweets, and high-fat diets were risk factors for the transition from prediabetes to T2DM stage in the medical examination population.The constructed risk prediction model helped to find out the magnitude of the risk of T2DM in an individual, which increases the evidence for the transition from prediabetes to T2DM stage prevention evidence.

Objective To explore the quality markers of Puerariae Lobatue Radix;To predict its"efficacy component group"with alcohol detoxification and liver protection effects.Methods Fingerprints of 26 batches of Puerariae Lobatue Radix samples from different origins in China was established.Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to identify quality markers,while network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict the potential"efficacy component group".Results UPLC fingerprint analysis calibrated 11 common peaks.Clustering analysis classified 26 batches of samples into 3 categories,and 7 quality markers were ultimately screened through multivariate statistical analysis,including mirificin,puerarin,puerarin-6''-O-xyloside,3'-methoxypuerarin,ononin,genistin and daidzin.Network pharmacology revealed that all 7 markers interacted with targets related to alcohol-associated liver disease,identifying 19 core targets such as TNF,CASP3,BCL2,MMP9,IL2,and 93 signaling pathways involving IL-17 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinity between the 7 markers and target proteins,with binding energies<-5 kcal/mol.Conclusion The"efficacy component group",main targets and signaling pathways predicted in this study can provide support for the research on the mechanism,material basis and quality control of the alcohol detoxification and liver protection effects of Puerariae Lobatue Radix.

Objective:To analyze the gene chip related to dermatomyositis based on bioinformatics,to explore the immune in-filtration mechanism of key genes in dermatomyositis by CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm,and to predict the therapeutic targets of dermatomyositis by network pharmacology.Methods:The gene microarray of dermatomyositis was searched in GEO database,and the differentially coexpressed genes were screened and analyzed.The differentially coexpressed genes were analyzed by GO analysis,KEGG analysis,protein interaction network construction(PPI)by R software package.Verify the expression levels of key genes,and the correlation of immune cell infiltration was analyzed by CIBERSORT deconvolution method.Through the medical ontology informa-tion retrieval platform Coremine medical database,the traditional Chinese medicine treatment targets of dermatomyositis were screened and summarized.Results:A total of 196 differentially expressed genes were screened.GO enrichment analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in defense response to virus,blood particles,double-stranded RNA binding,polypeptide antigen binding,and so on.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that it was enriched in RIG-Ⅰ-like receptor sig-nal pathway,Toll-like receptor signal pathway and other signal pathways related to the pathogenesis of dermatomyositis.Finally,four key genes of dermatomyositis,STAT1,ISG15,IRF7 and IRF9 were obtained.Through CIBERSORT algorithm,M1 macrophages,M2 macrophages and CD8+T cells were the three kinds of cells with the highest average proportion and the most obvious immune infil-tration,and there was a significant positive correlation between activated natural killer cells and activated dendritic cells,while there was a significant negative correlation between resting mast cells and activated mast cells.The therapeutic targets of traditional Chinese medicine such as fish brain stone were predicted based on Coremine medical database;through channel analysis,it could be found that these traditional Chinese medicines are mainly attributed to liver meridian,lung meridian,spleen meridian;efficacy analysis is mainly focused on clearing heat,detoxification,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,relieving cough and resolving phlegm and so on.Conclusion:Four key genes and some key signal pathways of dermatomyositis,STAT1,ISG15,IRF7 and IRF9 were obtained by bioinformatics method,the immune infiltration mechanism was analyzed by CIBERSORT algorithm,and the thera-peutic potential targets of traditional Chinese medicine were screened out to provide direction for the pathogenesis and treatment of der-matomyositis.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for assisted weaning from nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks of gestation) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).Methods:This multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled extremely preterm infants with BPD receiving NCPAP beyond one month postnatally at three tertiary hospitals (Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, and Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital) from December 2017 to June 2024. After meeting weaning criteria, these infants transitioned to low-flow nasal cannula (LFNC group, n=51) or HFNC (HFNC group, n=60). Primary outcomes were initial weaning success and total NCPAP duration. Secondary outcomes included oxygen therapy duration, time to full enteral feeding, hospital stay, and oxygen therapy at discharge. Safety outcomes encompassed pneumothorax, nasal trauma, new-onset necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, sepsis, and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage. Group differences were analyzed using independent t-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and Chi-square tests, with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) adjusting confounders followed by logistic/linear regression. Results:After IPTW (HFNC group: 54.8 cases; LFNC group: 53.0 cases), no statistically significant differences were observed in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between groups, including gestational age, birth weight, BPD severity, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, and duration of antibiotic exposure (all P>0.05). HFNC group demonstrated higher initial weaning success rate [83.2% (45.6/54.8) vs. 61.6% (32.6/53.0), OR=3.087, 95% CI: 1.027-9.281, P=0.044] and a significant reduction of 13.7 days in total NCPAP duration [25.0 (21.0-35.3) vs. 42.0 (29.4-61.0) days, β=－13.700, 95% CI:－21.372 to－6.027, P<0.001]. Secondary outcomes showed no significant differences between HFNC and LFNC groups: oxygen therapy duration [70.0 (51.8-81.9) vs. 68.0 (59.2-83.1) days], time to full enteral feeding [41.0 (31.0-59.0) vs. 45.0 (40.0-61.6) days], hospital stay [87.0 (74.6-98.5) vs. 93.7 (74.0-102.7) days], and oxygen therapy at discharge [16.6% (9.1/54.8) vs. 13.8% (7.3/53.0)] (all P>0.05). Safety outcomes were comparable between HFNC and LFNC groups: pneumothorax [2.8% (1.5/54.8) vs. 5.1% (2.7/53.0)], nasal trauma [3.8% (2.1/54.8) vs. 11.6% (6.2/53.0)], new-onset necrotizing enterocolitis [6.9% (3.8/54.8) vs. 5.5% (2.9/53.0)], and retinopathy of prematurity [14.4% (7.9/54.8) vs. 17.9% (9.5/53.0)] (all P>0.05). Conclusion:HFNC-assisted weaning may improve initial success and reduce NCPAP duration in BPD extremely preterm infants without increasing adverse events versus LFNC.

Objective:To analyze the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2022, and understand the high-incidence population and hotspot areas, and provide evidences to develop more targeted prevention and control measures.Methods:The surveillance data of typhoid fever during 2011-2022 in Fujian Province were obtained from the National Disease Reporting Information System and analyzed with SAS 9.4. The spatial autocorrelation analysis of typhoid fever incidence at county/district levels was performed with ArcGlS 10.8.Results:A total of 5 126 cases of typhoid fever were reported in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2022, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.10/100 000. The average annual incidence rate was 0.96/100 000 from 2011 to 2015, 1.49/100 000 from 2016 to 2019, and 0.81/100 000 from 2020 to 2022. The disease occurred all the year round, with high epidemic season from May to September. A total of 23.59% (1 209/5 126) of the cases occurred at the age of 0-4, and 9.62% (493/5 126) at the age of 5-9. The male to female ratio of the cases was 0.97∶1 (2 524∶2 602) for the whole population, 1.19∶1 (925∶777) for people under 10 years old, 0.75∶1 (1 060∶1 404) for people between 10 and 54 years old, and 1.28∶1 (539∶421) for people over 55 years old. Cases in Ningde City accounted for 30.65% (1 571/5 126) of the total cases. Most hotspots were occurred in Ningde City. Recurrent and clustered cases were found in family members.Conclusions:Typhoid fever was prevalent at a low level in Fujian Province during 2011-2022, indicating that strengthening the prevention and control measures should target key areas and populations. The incidence of typhoid fever in Fujian Province showed spatial aggregation phenomenon, and most cases gathered in Ningde City. Intensive study for the influencing factors of spatial clustering should be conducted.