Sangjuyin， as a pungent and cooling agent with precise therapeutic effect， is a classic pungent formula for cooling relief of the epidermis， which is highly respected by medical practitioners. This formula is from the Wenbing Tiaobian written by WU Jutong in the Qing dynasty， on the basis of which subsequent medical practitioners have made additions and subtractions to apply it. The authors used the bibliometric method to systematically organize the medical books from the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China and modern literature to analyze the composition， concoction， decoction， efficacy， and previous and modern application of Sangjuyin. After examination， the drug base of this formula is basically clear. Armeniacae Semen Amarum is the dried mature seeds of Armeniaca vulgaris， family Rosaceae. Forsythiae Fructus is the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa， family Mulleinaceae. Menthae Haplocalycis Herba is the dried above-ground part of Mentha haplocalyx， family Labiatae. Mori Folium is the dried leaves of Morus alba， family Moraceae. Chrysanthemi Flos is the dried head of Chrysanthemum morifolium， family Asteraceae. Platycodonis Radix is the dried root of Eryngium grandiflorum， family Eryngium. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of the Leguminosae family， and Phragmitis Rhizoma is the fresh or dried rhizome of Phragmites communis of the Gramineae family. It is recommended that the eight drugs be used in raw form as medicine. The dosage and method of decoction were converted into a modern single dosage of 7.46 g Armeniacae Semen Amarum， 5.60 g Forsythiae Fructus， 2.98 g Menthae Haplocalycis Herba， 9.33 g Mori Folium， 3.73 g Chrysanthemi Flos， 7.46 g Platycodonis Radix， 2.98 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 11.19 g Phragmitis Rhizoma， with 400 mL water added， and the solution was boiled to obtain 200 mL， taken twice a day. Sangjuyin has the efficacy of dispersing wind and clearing heat， promoting lung and relieving cough， and it is used for treating the initial onset of wind-warmth and the evidence of evil spirits in the lungs and collaterals. Modern research has shown that Sangjuyin is often used in the treatment of cough， pneumonia， rhinitis， and other respiratory diseases， and the results of this study provide a reference for the later development of Sangjuyin.

Erchentang is a classic formula widely used by medical practitioners throughout history. In this paper，ancient and modern literature of Erchentang were collected， and bibliometrics was employed to analyze its historic evolution，prescription meaning，herbs origin， processing method，preparation methods， and clinical application. A total of 84 pieces of data were collected， and 58 pieces of data involving 53 ancient medical Chinese books were screened， sorted， and processed. Combined with research of modern scholars，the research has found that the Erchentang originated from the Taiping Huimin Huiye Shijie Fang compiled by the Imperial Medical Bureau of the Song Dynasty. The basic information about the origin of the drugs is quite clear. Pinelliae rhizoma in the formula is the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata. Citri exocarpium rubrum is the dried mature peel of Citrus reticulata and its cultivated varieties， with the inner white membrane removed. Poria is the whitest dry sclerotia of Poria cocos； Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of the Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The dosage is 5.70 g Pinelliae rhizome and Citri exocarpium rubrum， 3.43 g Poria， and 1.69 g Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma praeparata cum melle. During the decoction process， the above-mentioned herbs should be chopped， with 300 mL water， 7 g ginger in thick slices， and 2 g Mume fructus added， and it was then simmered together to 180 mL. After removing the medicinal residue， it can be taken warmly. Erchentang has the effect of drying dampness and resolving phlegm， regulating Qi and harmonizing the middle. It can be used in treating the syndrome of phlegm and dampness，as well as symptoms such as frequent cough，white phlegm，fullness in chest and diaphragm，nausea and vomiting，limb drowsiness，anorexia，dizziness，palpitations，white and greasy tongue coating， and slippery pulse. The above results provide reference for future research and development of Erchentang.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Linaclotide combined with Simethicone oil and compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte(PEG)for cleansing effect of bowel in patients with constipation.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed and implemented by single blind method.383 patients with constipation who underwent colonoscopy from April 2023 to August 2024 were enrolled and randomly divided into routine group(128 cases),experimental group A(128 cases)and experimental group B(127 cases).Routine group treated with 3 L PEG,experimental group A treated with 290 μg Linaclotide+2 L PEG and experimental group B treated with 290 μg Linaclotide+30 mL Simethicone+2 L PEG.Bowel preparation effect[Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS)scores and foaming removal effect],lesion detection rate,first defecation interval,frequency of defecation,the success rate of cecal intubation,the insertion time of colonoscopy,the withdrawal time of colonoscopy,incidence of adverse reactions and willingness to repeat examination of the three groups were compared.Results No statistically significant differences were observed in the BBPS scores among the three groups(P>0.05);The foaming removal effect score in experimental group B was significantly lower than that in routine group and experimental group A,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The total lesion detection rate and polyps detection rate of experimental group B were significantly higher than those of routine group and experimental group A,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The first defecation interval of the routine group was significantly longer than that of experimental group A and experimental group B,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The frequency of defecation was compared among the three groups,and the difference was no statistically significant(P>0.05).The success rate of cecal intubation in the three groups was 100.0%,and the insertion time of colonoscopy was similar,the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05);The withdrawal time of colonoscopy in experimental group B was significantly shorter than that in routine group and experimental group A,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of abdominal distension and total adverse reactions in the routine group were higher than those in experimental group A and experimental group B,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);The willingness to repeat examination rate of the routine group was significantly lower than that of experimental group A and experimental group B,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion 290 μg Linaclotide combined with 30 mL Simethicone and 2 L PEG solution regimen has advantages in intestinal preparation for patients with constipation,and can achieve better intestinal cleaning effect than 3 L PEG solution and 290 μg linalopeptide+2 L PEG solution regimen,with higher safety and willingness to repeat examination.It can be recommended for bowel preparation for patients with constipation.

The blood products industry,both domestically and internationally,exhibits distinct features in product research,development,and technological innovation.International companies possess extensive expertise in developing immunoglobulins,coagulation factors,and recombinant plasma protein products,demonstrating continuous advancements-particularly in specific immunoglobulin development,long-acting formulation optimization,and manufacturing process improvements.In recent years,Chinese enterprises have also achieved notable progress in related fields,especially in immunoglobulin process refinement and the development of novel recombinant coagulation factor products.However,there remains significant scope for improvement in areas such as the application of recombinant protein technologies,efficient utilization of plasma resources,and the adoption of advanced manufacturing techniques.Additional challenges include the accumulation of patented technologies,the supply of critical raw materials,and access to comprehensive epidemiological data.Driven by ongoing advances in gene recombination technologies,innovations in drug delivery systems,digital transformation,and the rise of personalized medicine,the blood products industry is poised for broader development prospects.To foster sustained and stable domestic industry growth and enhance global competitiveness,Chinese blood product enterprises should intensify their technological accumulation,upgrade manufacturing processes,and optimize plasma resource utilization.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45β(Gadd45b)is beneficial to the repair of acute cerebral ischemia,but the action mechanism is still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Gadd45b on white matter demyelinating lesions in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,model group,empty vector group,and Gadd45b overexpression group,with 15 rats in each group.Gadd45b-overexpressing lentivirus and no-load lentivirus were injected into the bilateral hippocampus and bilateral ventricles of rats.One week after lentivirus transfection,the rat model of chronic hypoperfusion cerebral ischemia was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation.Three weeks after the bilateral common carotid artery ligation,the learning and cognitive functions of rats were evaluated by novel object recognition test.Luxol fast blue staining was used to observe the changes of myelin structure in the corpus callosum of rats.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the damage of the rat corpus callosum.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of myelin basic protein and neurofilament protein 200 in the corpus callosum of rats.Immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the expression of astrocyte markers GFAP/C3d and GFAP/S100A10 in rat brain tissue.ELISA was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the supernatant of brain tissue.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Gadd45b overexpression could significantly improve the learning and cognitive function of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia,and improve demyelination and pathological damage in the rat corpus callosum.(2)The results of immunofluorescence showed that Gadd45b overexpression significantly increased the expression levels of myelin basic protein and neurofilament protein 200 in the brain tissue of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.(3)Gadd45b overexpression reduced GFAP/C3d double positive cells and increased GFAP/S100A10 double positive cells in the brain tissue of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.(4)Gadd45b overexpression reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the brain tissue of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.It is concluded that Gadd45b overexpression improves cognitive dysfunction by promoting the A2 phenotype transformation of astrocytes,alleviating white matter myelin structure damage and neuroinflammation in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.

Objective To compare the difference,agreement,and axial length measurement success rate between biometers ZW-30 and IOLMaser 700 based on swept-source optical coherence tomography for the measurement of ocular bi-ological parameters in patients with cataracts.Methods A total of 126 cataract patients(233 eyes)who were advised to undergo cataract surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology at Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University from January to February 2024 were included in this study.Two biometers were used to measure the axial length(AL),mean keratometry(Km),anterior chamber depth(ACD),lens thickness(LT),central corneal thickness(CCT),and horizontal corneal diameter[namely,the white-to-white(WTW)distance].The axial measurement success rate of the two biometers and the difference and agreement between the parameters were calculated.Results The mean difference between ZW-30 and IOLMaster 700 was(-0.006±0.042)mm for AL,(-0.074±0.204)D for Km,(0.031±0.051)mm for ACD,(0.001±0.005)mm for CCT,and(-0.286±0.337)mm for WTW,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The mean difference between ZW-30 and IOLMaster 700 was(0.008±0.215)mm for LT,and the difference was not statis-tically significant(t=0.579,P=0.563).The 95％limits of agreement range was between-0.011 mm and 0.000 mm for AL,between-0.474 D and 0.326 D for Km,between-0.010 mm and 0.012 mm for CCT,between-0.068 mm and 0.131 mm for ACD,between-0.116 mm and 0.159 mm for LT,and between-0.947 mm and 0.376 mm for WTW.The intra-class correlation coefficient of all measurements ranged from 0.790 to 1.000.The AL measurement success rate of IOLMaster 700 and ZW-30 was 95.3％and 95.7％,respectively.The latter had an AL measurement success rate of 98.7％after manually marking the position of the retinal identification line.Conclusion There were statistically significant differences between ZW-30 and IOLMaster 700 in the measurement of the AL,Km,ACD,and CCT,which,however,were not clinically significant.The agreement between both was good.ZW-30 had a higher AL measurement success rate,espe-cially for the manual identification function of eyes with opacified refractive media,which can further improve the AL meas-urement success rate and provide reference for clinical work.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Linaclotide combined with Simethicone oil and compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte(PEG)for cleansing effect of bowel in patients with constipation.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed and implemented by single blind method.383 patients with constipation who underwent colonoscopy from April 2023 to August 2024 were enrolled and randomly divided into routine group(128 cases),experimental group A(128 cases)and experimental group B(127 cases).Routine group treated with 3 L PEG,experimental group A treated with 290 μg Linaclotide+2 L PEG and experimental group B treated with 290 μg Linaclotide+30 mL Simethicone+2 L PEG.Bowel preparation effect[Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS)scores and foaming removal effect],lesion detection rate,first defecation interval,frequency of defecation,the success rate of cecal intubation,the insertion time of colonoscopy,the withdrawal time of colonoscopy,incidence of adverse reactions and willingness to repeat examination of the three groups were compared.Results No statistically significant differences were observed in the BBPS scores among the three groups(P>0.05);The foaming removal effect score in experimental group B was significantly lower than that in routine group and experimental group A,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The total lesion detection rate and polyps detection rate of experimental group B were significantly higher than those of routine group and experimental group A,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The first defecation interval of the routine group was significantly longer than that of experimental group A and experimental group B,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The frequency of defecation was compared among the three groups,and the difference was no statistically significant(P>0.05).The success rate of cecal intubation in the three groups was 100.0%,and the insertion time of colonoscopy was similar,the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05);The withdrawal time of colonoscopy in experimental group B was significantly shorter than that in routine group and experimental group A,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of abdominal distension and total adverse reactions in the routine group were higher than those in experimental group A and experimental group B,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);The willingness to repeat examination rate of the routine group was significantly lower than that of experimental group A and experimental group B,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion 290 μg Linaclotide combined with 30 mL Simethicone and 2 L PEG solution regimen has advantages in intestinal preparation for patients with constipation,and can achieve better intestinal cleaning effect than 3 L PEG solution and 290 μg linalopeptide+2 L PEG solution regimen,with higher safety and willingness to repeat examination.It can be recommended for bowel preparation for patients with constipation.

Objective To compare the difference,agreement,and axial length measurement success rate between biometers ZW-30 and IOLMaser 700 based on swept-source optical coherence tomography for the measurement of ocular bi-ological parameters in patients with cataracts.Methods A total of 126 cataract patients(233 eyes)who were advised to undergo cataract surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology at Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University from January to February 2024 were included in this study.Two biometers were used to measure the axial length(AL),mean keratometry(Km),anterior chamber depth(ACD),lens thickness(LT),central corneal thickness(CCT),and horizontal corneal diameter[namely,the white-to-white(WTW)distance].The axial measurement success rate of the two biometers and the difference and agreement between the parameters were calculated.Results The mean difference between ZW-30 and IOLMaster 700 was(-0.006±0.042)mm for AL,(-0.074±0.204)D for Km,(0.031±0.051)mm for ACD,(0.001±0.005)mm for CCT,and(-0.286±0.337)mm for WTW,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The mean difference between ZW-30 and IOLMaster 700 was(0.008±0.215)mm for LT,and the difference was not statis-tically significant(t=0.579,P=0.563).The 95％limits of agreement range was between-0.011 mm and 0.000 mm for AL,between-0.474 D and 0.326 D for Km,between-0.010 mm and 0.012 mm for CCT,between-0.068 mm and 0.131 mm for ACD,between-0.116 mm and 0.159 mm for LT,and between-0.947 mm and 0.376 mm for WTW.The intra-class correlation coefficient of all measurements ranged from 0.790 to 1.000.The AL measurement success rate of IOLMaster 700 and ZW-30 was 95.3％and 95.7％,respectively.The latter had an AL measurement success rate of 98.7％after manually marking the position of the retinal identification line.Conclusion There were statistically significant differences between ZW-30 and IOLMaster 700 in the measurement of the AL,Km,ACD,and CCT,which,however,were not clinically significant.The agreement between both was good.ZW-30 had a higher AL measurement success rate,espe-cially for the manual identification function of eyes with opacified refractive media,which can further improve the AL meas-urement success rate and provide reference for clinical work.

Objective:To analyze the biological parameters of the anterior segment of age-related cataracts patients with or without zonular weakness with the new generation of sweep-source anterior optical coherence tomography (OCT) device CASIA2 to provide a basis for the diagnosis of zonular weakness.Methods:A case-control study was conducted.A total of 158 cases (186 eyes) of patients with age-related cataracts having zonular weakness as a zonular weakness group, and 80 cases (80 eyes) of cataract with age-related cataracts without zonular weakness as a normal zonule group were enroll from June 2022 to June 2023 at Beijing Tongren Hospital.All patients underwent routine preoperative ophthalmological examination including slit lamp microsopy, IOLMaster 700, ocular B-ultrasound and OCT.The anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), lens thickness (LT), lens vault (LV), anterior chamber angle opening distance at 750 μm (AOD750), lens decentration and tilt, radius of curvature of the anterior lens surface (RAL), and radius of curvature of the posterior lens surface (RPL) of patients were measured with CASIA2 and compared between the two groups.The relationship between zonular weakness and anterior chamber parameters and lens parameters was evaluated by logistic regression analysis.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital (No.TRECKY2018-049), and all enrolled patients signed the informed consent form.Results:In the zonular weakness group, ACD, ACV, RAL, and AOD750 were (2.34±0.56)mm, (85.05±40.19)mm 3, 7.52 (7.13, 8.08)mm, and 0.27 (0.07, 0.30)mm, respectively, which were smaller than (3.13±0.38)mm, (127.75±38.15)mm 3, 9.28(8.51, 9.76)mm, and 0.52 (0.31, 0.65)mm in the normal zonule group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05).LT and LV in the zonular weakness group were (5.14±0.45)mm and (1.22±0.53)mm, respectively, which were larger than (4.27±0.52)mm and (0.32±0.30)mm in the normal zonule group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05).Magnitude of lens decentration and tilt in the zonular weakness were 0.34 (0.13, 0.45)mm and 6.44 (3.67, 7.32)°, respectively, which were significantly larger than 0.19 (0.12, 0.25)mm and 4.88 (3.85, 5.65)° in the normal zonule group (both P<0.05).No obvious pattern was found in the direction of decentration and tilt.Logistic regression analysis showed that LV and lens decentration were risk factors of zonular weakness (odds ratios [ OR]=706.170, 335.339; both P<0.05), and RAL was a protective factor of zonular weakness ( OR=0.239, P<0.05). Conclusions:Age-related cataract patients with zonular weakness often present with a decrease in ACV due to increased anterior convexity of the lens.Decreased RAL, increased lens decentration and elevated LV are risk factors for zonular weakness.

The blood products industry,both domestically and internationally,exhibits distinct features in product research,development,and technological innovation.International companies possess extensive expertise in developing immunoglobulins,coagulation factors,and recombinant plasma protein products,demonstrating continuous advancements-particularly in specific immunoglobulin development,long-acting formulation optimization,and manufacturing process improvements.In recent years,Chinese enterprises have also achieved notable progress in related fields,especially in immunoglobulin process refinement and the development of novel recombinant coagulation factor products.However,there remains significant scope for improvement in areas such as the application of recombinant protein technologies,efficient utilization of plasma resources,and the adoption of advanced manufacturing techniques.Additional challenges include the accumulation of patented technologies,the supply of critical raw materials,and access to comprehensive epidemiological data.Driven by ongoing advances in gene recombination technologies,innovations in drug delivery systems,digital transformation,and the rise of personalized medicine,the blood products industry is poised for broader development prospects.To foster sustained and stable domestic industry growth and enhance global competitiveness,Chinese blood product enterprises should intensify their technological accumulation,upgrade manufacturing processes,and optimize plasma resource utilization.