This study utilized data from the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) Progress Monitor Reports (2015, 2017, 2020, 2022) released by World Health Organization (WHO) to analyze the implementation of NCDs prevention and control policies in China from 2014 to 2021 through descriptive statistical method, aiming to provide evidence for strengthening national NCDs strategies. The analysis focuses on WHO-recommended ‘best buys’ policies for NCDs prevention and control, covering 10 categories (18 interventions): national NCDs targets, mortality data, risk factor surveys, national integrated NCDs policies/strategies/action plans, tobacco demand-reduction measures, harmful use of alcohol reduction measures, unhealthy diet reduction policies, physical activity campaigns, national clinical guidelines for cancer/CVD/diabetes/CRD management, and drug therapy/counselling for cardiovascular diseases. In accordance with the WHO′s NCDs progress monitor scoring methodology, policies are assigned 1.0 point for full implementation, 0.5 points for partial implementation, and 0 points for non-implementation or missing data, with a maximum total score of 18.0 points. The analytical metrics encompass the policy implementation score, implementation rate, and period-on-period implementation growth rate. The results showed that China′s total policy implementation scores for NCDs prevention and control in 2014, 2016, 2019, and 2021 were consistently higher than the global average (8.5, 10.5, 9.5, 9.5 vs 6.7, 8.3, 8.6, 8.6). From 2014 to 2021, the total score increased by 1.0 point, and the implementation rate improved by 8.9%. From 2014 to 2016, China′s total policy implementation score rose from 8.5 to 10.5, primarily driven by improvements in tobacco tax increases and unhealthy diet reduction measures (salt reduction, restrictions on high-fat foods, and regulation of breast-milk substitute sales). However, this progress was partially offset by a decline in scores for physical activity campaigns. From 2016 to 2019, the total score decreased to 9.5, largely due to lower scores in harmful use of alcohol reduction measures (alcohol taxation and advertising bans). From 2019 to 2021, the total score remained stable, with increases in marketing to children restrictions balanced by declines in scores for drug therapy/counselling for cardiovascular diseases. In 2021, China′s total policy implementation score (9.5) exceeded the global average (8.6) but fell below the G20 average (11.2). Significant gaps remained compared to top-performing G20 countries such as Turkey (16.5), particularly in tobacco control and restrictions on harmful alcohol use. In conclusion, from 2014 to 2021, China′s total policy implementation score for NCDs prevention and control consistently exceeded the global average, demonstrating an upward trend, and various NCDs prevention and control policies have been continuously improved.

Objective:To compare the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-42 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT for bone metastasis in patients with malignant tumors. Methods:From January 2022 to October 2023, the data of 238 patients (160 males, 78 females; age: 58(50, 66) years) with various malignant tumors who underwent both 18F-FAPI-42 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging at Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University were retrospectively reviewed. An abnormal focal radioactive uptake in bones on the PET images was considered as positive lesion for bone metastasis. The efficacy of 2imaging methods and the supplementary role of CT in the diagnosis of bone metastasis were evaluated by McNemar test. Results:Of 238 patients, 95 were with bone metastases and 143 were without bone metastases, including 436 lesions with bone metastases and 358 lesions without bone metastases. Based on the visual analysis, 18F-FAPI-42 PET showed a higher diagnostic sensitivity than 18F-FDG PET (98.4%(429/436) vs 86.5%(377/436); χ2=41.95, P<0.001), while 18F-FDG PET had a higher diagnostic specificity than 18F-FAPI-42 PET (83.2%(298/358) vs 70.4%(252/358); χ2=22.50, P<0.001), and the accuracies of both methods were similar (85.8%(681/794) vs 85.0%(675/794); χ2=0.16, P=0.685). However, when the positive lesions seen in PET were analyzed combined with the image features on CT by the same scanner, the diagnostic specificity of 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT was significantly improved compared to that of 18F-FAPI-42 PET alone (91.3%(327/358) vs 70.4%(252/358); χ2=73.01, P<0.001), and was similar to 18F-FDG PET/CT (93.0%(333/358); χ2=0.78, P=0.377). Meanwhile, this combined analysis brought a higher sensitivity and accuracy of 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT than 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing bone metastases (sensitivity: 98.4%(429/436) vs 86.5%(377/436); χ2=41.95, P<0.001; accuracy: 95.2%(756/794) vs 89.4%(710/794); χ2=21.54, P<0.001). Conclusions:The diagnostic sensitivity of 18F-FAPI-42 PET for bone metastasis is superior to 18F-FDG PET, but the specificity is lower. However, when CT features is combined for analysis, the diagnostic specificity of 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT is significantly improved, which thus can be used to diagnose bone metastasis accurately and is superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Objective:To investigate the current status and risk factors of central venous catheter-related thrombus（CRT）in critically ill children，and to provide evidence for proposing preventive measures.Methods:This study was a single-center cross-sectional survey.The hospitalized children with central venous catheters implanted in the intensive care unit of Shanghai Children's Medical Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January to March 2024 were included.Based on the ultrasound diagnosis indicating CRT or the presence of visually detectable thrombi after central venous catheter removal,the children included in the study were categorized into the CRT group and the non-CRT group.The data of demographic，clinical data，laboratory tests，medication treatment，and catheter related information of the affected children were collected.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with CRT.Results:A total of 328 children were included，of which 158 cases（48.2%）were female，with the median age of 35.00（9.00，88.75）months.There were 51 cases（15.6%）in CRT group and 277 cases（84.4%）in non-CRT group.After adjusted by pediatric critical illness score，multivariate binary Logistic analysis revealed that the use of normal saline for catheter flushing and sealing (adjust OR=26.52,95% CI 8.32-84.60, P<0.001),longer duration of vasoactive drug use (adjust OR=5.06,95% CI 1.93-13.26, P=0.001),higher Caprini scale score (adjust OR=3.09,95% CI 1.38-6.91, P=0.006),presence of high-risk comorbidities or complications (adjust OR=2.87,95% CI 1.11-7.45, P=0.030),longer immobilization time (adjust OR=1.13,95% CI 1.07-1.19, P<0.001),and lower international normalized ratio after catheter placement (adjust OR=0.10,95% CI 0.02-0.53, P=0.007) were independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of CRT. Conclusion:The incidence of CRT is relatively high among critically ill children,and medical staff can develop targeted intervention measures by taking relevant risk factors into consideration.

Objective:To compare the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-42 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT for bone metastasis in patients with malignant tumors. Methods:From January 2022 to October 2023, the data of 238 patients (160 males, 78 females; age: 58(50, 66) years) with various malignant tumors who underwent both 18F-FAPI-42 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging at Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University were retrospectively reviewed. An abnormal focal radioactive uptake in bones on the PET images was considered as positive lesion for bone metastasis. The efficacy of 2imaging methods and the supplementary role of CT in the diagnosis of bone metastasis were evaluated by McNemar test. Results:Of 238 patients, 95 were with bone metastases and 143 were without bone metastases, including 436 lesions with bone metastases and 358 lesions without bone metastases. Based on the visual analysis, 18F-FAPI-42 PET showed a higher diagnostic sensitivity than 18F-FDG PET (98.4%(429/436) vs 86.5%(377/436); χ2=41.95, P<0.001), while 18F-FDG PET had a higher diagnostic specificity than 18F-FAPI-42 PET (83.2%(298/358) vs 70.4%(252/358); χ2=22.50, P<0.001), and the accuracies of both methods were similar (85.8%(681/794) vs 85.0%(675/794); χ2=0.16, P=0.685). However, when the positive lesions seen in PET were analyzed combined with the image features on CT by the same scanner, the diagnostic specificity of 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT was significantly improved compared to that of 18F-FAPI-42 PET alone (91.3%(327/358) vs 70.4%(252/358); χ2=73.01, P<0.001), and was similar to 18F-FDG PET/CT (93.0%(333/358); χ2=0.78, P=0.377). Meanwhile, this combined analysis brought a higher sensitivity and accuracy of 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT than 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing bone metastases (sensitivity: 98.4%(429/436) vs 86.5%(377/436); χ2=41.95, P<0.001; accuracy: 95.2%(756/794) vs 89.4%(710/794); χ2=21.54, P<0.001). Conclusions:The diagnostic sensitivity of 18F-FAPI-42 PET for bone metastasis is superior to 18F-FDG PET, but the specificity is lower. However, when CT features is combined for analysis, the diagnostic specificity of 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT is significantly improved, which thus can be used to diagnose bone metastasis accurately and is superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT.

This study utilized data from the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) Progress Monitor Reports (2015, 2017, 2020, 2022) released by World Health Organization (WHO) to analyze the implementation of NCDs prevention and control policies in China from 2014 to 2021 through descriptive statistical method, aiming to provide evidence for strengthening national NCDs strategies. The analysis focuses on WHO-recommended ‘best buys’ policies for NCDs prevention and control, covering 10 categories (18 interventions): national NCDs targets, mortality data, risk factor surveys, national integrated NCDs policies/strategies/action plans, tobacco demand-reduction measures, harmful use of alcohol reduction measures, unhealthy diet reduction policies, physical activity campaigns, national clinical guidelines for cancer/CVD/diabetes/CRD management, and drug therapy/counselling for cardiovascular diseases. In accordance with the WHO′s NCDs progress monitor scoring methodology, policies are assigned 1.0 point for full implementation, 0.5 points for partial implementation, and 0 points for non-implementation or missing data, with a maximum total score of 18.0 points. The analytical metrics encompass the policy implementation score, implementation rate, and period-on-period implementation growth rate. The results showed that China′s total policy implementation scores for NCDs prevention and control in 2014, 2016, 2019, and 2021 were consistently higher than the global average (8.5, 10.5, 9.5, 9.5 vs 6.7, 8.3, 8.6, 8.6). From 2014 to 2021, the total score increased by 1.0 point, and the implementation rate improved by 8.9%. From 2014 to 2016, China′s total policy implementation score rose from 8.5 to 10.5, primarily driven by improvements in tobacco tax increases and unhealthy diet reduction measures (salt reduction, restrictions on high-fat foods, and regulation of breast-milk substitute sales). However, this progress was partially offset by a decline in scores for physical activity campaigns. From 2016 to 2019, the total score decreased to 9.5, largely due to lower scores in harmful use of alcohol reduction measures (alcohol taxation and advertising bans). From 2019 to 2021, the total score remained stable, with increases in marketing to children restrictions balanced by declines in scores for drug therapy/counselling for cardiovascular diseases. In 2021, China′s total policy implementation score (9.5) exceeded the global average (8.6) but fell below the G20 average (11.2). Significant gaps remained compared to top-performing G20 countries such as Turkey (16.5), particularly in tobacco control and restrictions on harmful alcohol use. In conclusion, from 2014 to 2021, China′s total policy implementation score for NCDs prevention and control consistently exceeded the global average, demonstrating an upward trend, and various NCDs prevention and control policies have been continuously improved.

Objective:To investigate the current status and risk factors of central venous catheter-related thrombus（CRT）in critically ill children，and to provide evidence for proposing preventive measures.Methods:This study was a single-center cross-sectional survey.The hospitalized children with central venous catheters implanted in the intensive care unit of Shanghai Children's Medical Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January to March 2024 were included.Based on the ultrasound diagnosis indicating CRT or the presence of visually detectable thrombi after central venous catheter removal,the children included in the study were categorized into the CRT group and the non-CRT group.The data of demographic，clinical data，laboratory tests，medication treatment，and catheter related information of the affected children were collected.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with CRT.Results:A total of 328 children were included，of which 158 cases（48.2%）were female，with the median age of 35.00（9.00，88.75）months.There were 51 cases（15.6%）in CRT group and 277 cases（84.4%）in non-CRT group.After adjusted by pediatric critical illness score，multivariate binary Logistic analysis revealed that the use of normal saline for catheter flushing and sealing (adjust OR=26.52,95% CI 8.32-84.60, P<0.001),longer duration of vasoactive drug use (adjust OR=5.06,95% CI 1.93-13.26, P=0.001),higher Caprini scale score (adjust OR=3.09,95% CI 1.38-6.91, P=0.006),presence of high-risk comorbidities or complications (adjust OR=2.87,95% CI 1.11-7.45, P=0.030),longer immobilization time (adjust OR=1.13,95% CI 1.07-1.19, P<0.001),and lower international normalized ratio after catheter placement (adjust OR=0.10,95% CI 0.02-0.53, P=0.007) were independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of CRT. Conclusion:The incidence of CRT is relatively high among critically ill children,and medical staff can develop targeted intervention measures by taking relevant risk factors into consideration.

Background As the population ages, there has been a growing focus on the decline in fertility. Research has identified age and fertility history as the primary influencing factors. Nevertheless, there is a deficiency in fundamental data regarding the fertility status among different industries. Objective To investigate the fertility status and influencing factors among female workers aged 22-35 years in different industries. Methods From July 2020 to February 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a staged sampling approach. This survey specifically targeted 22-35-year-old married female workers with a history of pregnancy in industries such as education, healthcare, finance, and telecommunications, totaling 22903 participants. The survey encompassed industry, demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, time to pregnancy (TTP), and other influencing factors. The influencing factors of decline in fertility were identified by chi-square test and Cox proportional hazards regression. Subsequent industry-specific Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compared fertility decline patterns across a spectrum of industries after selected influencing factors were adjusted. Results Among the 22903 respondents, 19194 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid recovery rate of 83.8%. The cumulative pregnancy rates (CRP) of 1-6 months and 1-12 months for the 22-35-year-old female workers were 67.23% and 91.33% respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that region, age, education level, personal annual income, housework time, coping style, gravidity, parity, and spontaneous abortion were influencing factors of fertility decline (P<0.05). Female workers with ≥3 gravidities and ≥2 spontaneous abortions had a higher risk of fertility decline, with hazard ratios (HR) and associated 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of 0.633 (0.582, 0.688) and 0.785 (0.670, 0.921) respectively (P<0.01). Compared to the education industry, the healthcare and finance industries showed a higher risk of fertility decline, with HR (95%CI) values of 0.876 (0.834, 0.920) and 0.909 (0.866, 0.954), respectively (P<0.05). These two HR (95%CI) values remained statistically significant [0.899 (0.852, 0.948) and 0.882 (0.833, 0.934) respectively, P<0.05)] after further adjustment with nine influencing factors such as region and age. Conclusion Regions, age, education level, personal annual income, housework time, coping style, pregnancy and childbirth times, and natural abortion times are influencing factors of fertility decline in female workers. Compared to the education industry, the healthcare and finance industries have a higher risk of declining fertility.

BACKGROUND:Photothermal therapy is a novel tumor treatment strategy that uses photothermal agents to transform light energy into heat energy to accomplish non-invasive tumor ablation.The rise of photothermal therapy and nanotechnology has provided a new perspective on breast cancer treatment.OBJECTIVE:To prepare a new type of near-infrared biomimetic nanoprobe that has been modified by breast cancer cell membrane,to investigate the effect of near-infrared fluorescence/ultrasound imaging in vitro,and to observe its targeting ability and photothermal therapy effect on homologous tumor cells in vitro.METHODS:Organic small molecule ITIC-4CI with A-D-A structure was used as photothermal agents;polylactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer as nanocarrier;4T1 cell membrane of mouse breast cancer cells as a surface modifier of nanoparticles;perfluorohexane(PFH)was loaded.A novel near-infrared biomimetic nanoprobe(4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH)was prepared by the double emulsion evaporation method and sonication method.The basic characterization of the nanoprobe and the homologous targeting ability were detected.The photothermal properties and photothermal stability of the probe were investigated,and the near-infrared fluorescence/ultrasound imaging effect of the probe under laser irradiation was observed.The CCK-8 assay and calcein/propidium iodide staining were used to assess the efficacy of photothermal therapy.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The prepared 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH nanoprobes had uniform size,high stability,and an average particle size of(92.7±2.3)nm.The probe's protein composition was identical to that of the 4T1 cell membrane.The nanoprobe's ability to target homologous 4T1 cells was validated by an in vitro cell uptake assay.(2)The nanoprobe had a red-shift absorption spectrum and tail emission extending to the near-infrared-Ⅱ,which emitted a bright near-infrared-Ⅱ fluorescence signal under laser irradiation.(3)After laser irradiation,the nanoprobe 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH could be turned into microbubbles and enhanced ultrasound imaging.The results of CCK-8 assay and calcein/propidium iodide staining showed that the nanoprobe 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH had an obvious photothermal killing effect on 4T1 cells.(4)The results show that the nanoprobe 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH has the ability to target homologous tumors and enhance near-infrared-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging/ultrasound imaging and photothermal therapy effects.

Objective To investigate the current status of nurses'knowledge,attitude and practice regarding sleep management of critically ill children in pediatric ICU,and to analyze its impact factors.Methods A self-designed questionnaire on general information and a questionnaire on knowledge and practical behaviors of pediatric ICU nurses on child's sleep management were used.In March 2023,902 pediatric ICU nurses from 24 hospitals in China were surveyed using a convenient sampling method,and the impact factors were analyzed using multiple stepwise linear regression.Results 893 valid questionnaires were collected and the recovery rate of valid questionnaires was 99.00％.Nurses in pediatric ICU scored(33.71±7.76)in knowledge dimension,(37.38±4.86)in attitude dimension and(80.60±16.78)in practice dimension,with a total score of(151.78±24.27).The scores of knowledge and attitude,knowledge and practice,attitude and practice are all positively correlated(r=0.393,P＜0.001;r=0.495,P＜0.001;r=0.320,P＜0.001).The results of multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that gender,region,whether they had received sleep management training were the influencing factors of pediatric ICU nurses'total score of knowledge,attitude and practice towards children's sleep management(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nurses in pediatric ICU are positive about sleep management for critically ill children,but their knowledge and practice levels need to improve.Nursing managers should strengthen the theoretical knowledge and practical behavioral training of pediatric ICU nurses on child sleep management,develop scientific sleep management plans,and guide nurses to make reasonable evaluation and interventions to improve children's sleep quality.

Objective:To test the hypothesis that Pertussis toxin (PTX) can promote the occurrence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) model and clarify the potential pathogenic mechanism.Methods:EAM mice model were induced by Skeletal muscle thomogenate with or without PTX, and the relationship between ILD phenotypes and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) infiltration was analyzed by histopathological and serological studies in EAM with PTX group and EAM without PTX group. Healthy mice were given PTX alone intraperitoneally to clarify whether NETs formation could be induced in vivo, and neutrophils separated from healthy human blood were intervened with PTX to induce NETs formation in vitro. The data was tested for normality using Shapiro-Wilk. Statistical methods and were analyzed using t-test or ANOVA, and multiple comparisons between different groups were tested using Tukey test. Results:Compared with EAM without PTX group, lung tissues in EAM with PTX group had multiple pathological changes similar to polymyositis/dermatomyositis-related ILD. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia were the main pathological types. The pulmonary interstitial lesions were accompanied by significant infiltration of NETs; and serum NETs markers levels were obviously elevated in EAM with PTX group, compared with the control group [ n=5, (87±10) ng/ml], cfDNA levels were statistically significantly elevated in both the EAM without PTX group [ n=4, (115±27) ng/ml] and the EAM with PTX group [ n=7, (150±50) ng/ml] ( F=4.24, P=0.038); Cit-H3-DNA levels were elevated in the EAM without PTX group ( n=4, 0.24±0.09), and in the EAM EAM with PTX group ( n=6, 0.33±0.11) compared with the control group ( n=4, 0.13±0.02) ( F=6.21, P=0.016). After PTX intervention, serum cfDNA levels were higher in the PTX group [ n=3, (100±40) ng/ml] than in the control group [ n=3, (45±12) ng/ml, t=2.27, P=0.086]; PTX also induced neutrophils to form NETs in vitro. Conclusion:PTX may promote the development of ILD in EAM mice model by inducing the formation of NETs, indicating that EAM mice can serve as a model for targeting NETs to study the pathogenesis ILD.