Abstract The prevention and control of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents has become a major public health issue. While maintaining increased outdoor activity as a cornerstone intervention, there is an urgent need to explore new complementary approaches that can be effectively implemented in both indoor and outdoor settings. In recent years, environmental spatial frequency has gained increasing attention as one of the key environmental factors influencing the development and progression of myopia. Both animal studies and human research have confirmed that indoor environments lacking mid to high spatial frequency components, often characterized as "visually impoverished", can promote axial elongation and myopia through mechanisms such as disruption of retinal neural signaling, impaired accommodative function, and altered expression of related molecules. Based on the scientific consensus, it is recommended that "enriching of environmental spatial frequency" should be integrated into the myopia prevention and control framework. Following the principles of schoolled organization, family cooperation, community involvement, and student participation, specific measures are put forward in three areas：optimizing school visual settings, improving home spatial environments, and promoting healthy visual behavior. The aim is to create "visually friendly" indoor environments as an important supplement to outdoor activity, thereby providing a novel perspective and strategy for comprehensively advancing myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.

Retinal degenerative diseases are a group of blinding ocular disorders characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of retinal neural cells. They mainly include age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. At present, there are no curative clinical therapies capable of reversing the disease course. Patients have poor long-term visual prognosis, imposing a heavy public-health burden on families and society. Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-derived exosomes, as a novel cell-free therapeutic vector, have emerged as a research hotspot due to their low immunogenicity, no tumorigenic risk, and excellent tissue barrier penetration ability. This review systematically summarizes the core mechanisms of MSC-derived exosomes in regulating immune inflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, and promoting retinal neuroprotection and structural/functional recovery via miRNA and tsRNA, compares the efficacy differences and existing controversies among exosomes from different sources, and outlines the advances in intraocular delivery technologies and engineering modification strategies. Combined with preclinical and clinical data, the current bottlenecks and safety evidence for clinical translation were objectively described. Meanwhile, in view of the heterogeneity among existing studies, this review proposes future directions including standardized preparation and the establishment of efficacy evaluation systems, so as to provide theoretical references for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for retinal degenerative diseases.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of modified Lizhong Decoction on gastric and duodenal ulcers(GDU)of the spleen-stomach cold deficiency type,as well as its influence on gastric function and inflammatory mediators.Methods From April 2023 to May 2025,patients diagnosed with gastric dyspepsia of the spleen and stomach cold deficiency type at Nanyang First People's Hospital were randomly assigned to either the Western medicine group(n=53)or the combined therapy group(n=53).The Western medicine group received oral rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets and sucralfate suspension,while the combined therapy group received the same Western medication regimen plus modified Lizhong Decoction.Both groups underwent a 6-week treatment course.Outcomes including clinical efficacy after 6 weeks,gastric mucosal morphology scores,gastric function,levels of inflammatory mediators,mucosal repair-related factors,oxidative stress markers,quality of life before and after treatment,and treatment safety were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate in the combined group after 6 weeks of treatment was significantly higher than that in the Western medicine group(P<0.05).After 6 weeks of treatment,both groups showed reduced mucosal thickness,inflammatory cell infiltration,glandular density scores,and decreased serum levels of cholecystokinin(CCK),motilin(MTL),gastrin(GAS),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),and malondialdehyde(MDA)compared to baseline,with greater reductions observed in the combined group(P<0.05).Additionally,serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),trefoil factor 1(TFF1),epidermal growth factor(EGF),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and superoxide dismutase(SOD),as well as quality-of-life scores across multiple domains,were significantly increased from baseline in both groups,with the combined group showing superior improvements(P<0.05).During the treatment period,the incidence of adverse reactions was 11.32%in the combined group and 5.66%in the Western medicine group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Modified Lizhong Decoction demonstrated a definite therapeutic effect on GDU of the spleen and stomach cold deficiency type,effectively improving gastric mucosal morphology,enhancing gastric function,suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress,promoting the secretion of mucosal repair-related factors,improving patients'quality of life,and exhibiting favorable safety.

Objective Based on statistical parametric mapping(SPM),to analyze the variability characteristics of lower limb in females with generalized joint hypermobility(GJH)during drop jump.Methods Fifteen females with GJH(GJH group)were recruited based on the Beighton scores,and 15 healthy females(control group)were matched.Kinematic and kinetic data were synchronously collected using the Qualisys infrared motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional(3D)force platform.Joint angles and torques were computed using OpenSim.Custom Matlab scripts were used to calculate the standard deviation curves of joint angles,and SPM was applied to analyze differences in movement variability between the two groups during the eccentric,coupling,and concentric phases of drop jumps.The maximum joint flexion angles and torques(mean and standard deviation)were calculated to support the findings,and effect sizes were evaluated using Cohen's d.Results Significant differences were observed between the two groups during various phases of drop jumps.In all statistically significant periods,the GJH group exhibited higher joint angle standard deviations compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Differences were primarily concentrated in joint flexion movements.During the coupling phase at different heights,the standard deviation of knee joint flexion angles in GJH group consistently exceeded that of control group(P＜0.001).Discrete variables showed significant differences in the standard deviation of the maximum knee flexion angles at different heights:At 30 cm,P=0.001,Cohen's d=2.520;at 40 cm,P=0.014,Cohen's d=1.739;and at 50 cm,P=0.005,Cohen's d=1.768.No significant group differences were found in the mean values or standard deviations of the maximum joint flexion angles and torques.Conclusions Females with GJH exhibit higher movement variability during drop jumps compared to healthy females,particularly in knee flexion movements during the coupling phase.Excessive variability reflects insufficient motor control,reducing their ability to resist external disturbances and leading to high-risk movement patterns(e.g.,excessive flexion or knee valgus).

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of modified Lizhong Decoction on gastric and duodenal ulcers(GDU)of the spleen-stomach cold deficiency type,as well as its influence on gastric function and inflammatory mediators.Methods From April 2023 to May 2025,patients diagnosed with gastric dyspepsia of the spleen and stomach cold deficiency type at Nanyang First People's Hospital were randomly assigned to either the Western medicine group(n=53)or the combined therapy group(n=53).The Western medicine group received oral rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets and sucralfate suspension,while the combined therapy group received the same Western medication regimen plus modified Lizhong Decoction.Both groups underwent a 6-week treatment course.Outcomes including clinical efficacy after 6 weeks,gastric mucosal morphology scores,gastric function,levels of inflammatory mediators,mucosal repair-related factors,oxidative stress markers,quality of life before and after treatment,and treatment safety were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate in the combined group after 6 weeks of treatment was significantly higher than that in the Western medicine group(P<0.05).After 6 weeks of treatment,both groups showed reduced mucosal thickness,inflammatory cell infiltration,glandular density scores,and decreased serum levels of cholecystokinin(CCK),motilin(MTL),gastrin(GAS),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),and malondialdehyde(MDA)compared to baseline,with greater reductions observed in the combined group(P<0.05).Additionally,serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),trefoil factor 1(TFF1),epidermal growth factor(EGF),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and superoxide dismutase(SOD),as well as quality-of-life scores across multiple domains,were significantly increased from baseline in both groups,with the combined group showing superior improvements(P<0.05).During the treatment period,the incidence of adverse reactions was 11.32%in the combined group and 5.66%in the Western medicine group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Modified Lizhong Decoction demonstrated a definite therapeutic effect on GDU of the spleen and stomach cold deficiency type,effectively improving gastric mucosal morphology,enhancing gastric function,suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress,promoting the secretion of mucosal repair-related factors,improving patients'quality of life,and exhibiting favorable safety.

Objective Based on statistical parametric mapping(SPM),to analyze the variability characteristics of lower limb in females with generalized joint hypermobility(GJH)during drop jump.Methods Fifteen females with GJH(GJH group)were recruited based on the Beighton scores,and 15 healthy females(control group)were matched.Kinematic and kinetic data were synchronously collected using the Qualisys infrared motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional(3D)force platform.Joint angles and torques were computed using OpenSim.Custom Matlab scripts were used to calculate the standard deviation curves of joint angles,and SPM was applied to analyze differences in movement variability between the two groups during the eccentric,coupling,and concentric phases of drop jumps.The maximum joint flexion angles and torques(mean and standard deviation)were calculated to support the findings,and effect sizes were evaluated using Cohen's d.Results Significant differences were observed between the two groups during various phases of drop jumps.In all statistically significant periods,the GJH group exhibited higher joint angle standard deviations compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Differences were primarily concentrated in joint flexion movements.During the coupling phase at different heights,the standard deviation of knee joint flexion angles in GJH group consistently exceeded that of control group(P＜0.001).Discrete variables showed significant differences in the standard deviation of the maximum knee flexion angles at different heights:At 30 cm,P=0.001,Cohen's d=2.520;at 40 cm,P=0.014,Cohen's d=1.739;and at 50 cm,P=0.005,Cohen's d=1.768.No significant group differences were found in the mean values or standard deviations of the maximum joint flexion angles and torques.Conclusions Females with GJH exhibit higher movement variability during drop jumps compared to healthy females,particularly in knee flexion movements during the coupling phase.Excessive variability reflects insufficient motor control,reducing their ability to resist external disturbances and leading to high-risk movement patterns(e.g.,excessive flexion or knee valgus).

Objective To observe the value of synthetic MRI(SyMRI)MAGnetic resonance image Compilation(MAGiC)sequence parameters for differentiating cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma.Methods Sixty-six patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer were retrospectively enrolled and divided into cervical squamous cell carcinoma group(n=56)and cervical adenocarcinoma group(n=10).Quantitative MAGiC parameters were collected and compared between groups,and those being significantly different were combined to construct a logistic regression model.The performance of each parameter alone and their combination for differentiating cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC).Results In cervical adenocarcinoma group,lesions's T1 and T2 were higher,while R1 and R2 were lower than those in cervical squamous cell carcinoma group(all P＜0.05).No statistically significant difference of proton density was found between groups(P＞0.05).The AUC of T1,T2,R1,R2 alone and their combination for differentiating cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma was 0.959,0.945,0.961,0.942 and 0.996,respectively,and no significant difference was found between each two ones(Z=0.267 to 1.396,all P＞0.05).Conclusion SyMRI had high value for differentiating cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma.

Objective To observe the value of synthetic MRI(SyMRI)MAGnetic resonance image Compilation(MAGiC)sequence parameters for differentiating cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma.Methods Sixty-six patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer were retrospectively enrolled and divided into cervical squamous cell carcinoma group(n=56)and cervical adenocarcinoma group(n=10).Quantitative MAGiC parameters were collected and compared between groups,and those being significantly different were combined to construct a logistic regression model.The performance of each parameter alone and their combination for differentiating cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC).Results In cervical adenocarcinoma group,lesions's T1 and T2 were higher,while R1 and R2 were lower than those in cervical squamous cell carcinoma group(all P＜0.05).No statistically significant difference of proton density was found between groups(P＞0.05).The AUC of T1,T2,R1,R2 alone and their combination for differentiating cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma was 0.959,0.945,0.961,0.942 and 0.996,respectively,and no significant difference was found between each two ones(Z=0.267 to 1.396,all P＞0.05).Conclusion SyMRI had high value for differentiating cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma.