Pulmonary hypertension (PH), marked by sustained elevation of pulmonary artery pressure, imposes a heavy burden on the right ventricle and may culminate in right heart failure. Its pathogenesis is multifaceted, encompassing endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle proliferation, inflammation, thrombosis, and genetic factors. Animal models serve as core tools for exploring PH mechanisms and therapies, each with unique strengths and limitations. The single-dose monocrotaline (MCT) model is one of the most commonly used experimental animal models of PH and is widely applied in mechanistic studies, drug screening, and efficacy evaluation; it offers simplicity and cost-effectiveness, can induce PH within a short period, yet its pathophysiology differs to some extent from human idiopathic PH. In contrast, the Sugen5416 combined with chronic hypoxia model better mimics PH progression by placing animals under hypoxic conditions to induce pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling, but it requires a longer modelling time, and the degree of hypoxia has a substantial impact on experimental outcomes. Beyond these two commonly used modeling approaches, a variety of emerging techniques have been applied in PH research; gene-editing technologies enable precise investigation of specific gene functions in PH. Additionally, induced pluripotent stem cell-based 3D organoid technology allows for individualized modelling while preserving patients' genetic information for precise clinical translation. Each model or technology can simulate different aspects of the pathological processes of human PH, and their findings provide key insights into the nature of the disease and serve as an important platform for the development of novel therapeutic targets. This paper comprehensively describes various animal models and emerging technologies used in PH research, analyzing their characteristics, applications, and limitations, with the aim of providing experimental and technical support for the development of new therapeutic strategies and drugs.

This paper reviewed the development history of doctor-patient shared decision-making （SDM） at home and abroad， emphasizing the importance of cross-cultural analysis in constructing a Chinese doctor-patient SDM model. It also delved into the relationship between Western “individualistic” sociocultural values and doctor-patient SDM， as well as the influence of China’s “collectivist” sociocultural values on doctor-patient SDM， revealing significant disparities in doctor-patient SDM models under distinct sociocultural contexts. Although the doctor-patient SDM theory in China originated from the West， this theory requires profound “collision” and adaptation with local Chinese culture to form a localized theory suited to China’s national conditions. Through cross-cultural adaptation and integrating China’s familism tradition and medical ethics concepts， the future construction of the doctor-patient SDM model in China should emphasize family members’ involvement and seek cultural balance to facilitate its widespread application in clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for guiding the health management of postmenopausal women. Methods: From May 2023 to April 2024, the postmenopausal women aged 40 to 69 years in Pan'an County were selected using the random cluster sampling method. Demographic information, lifestyle and prevalence of gynecological diseases were collected through questionnaire surveys. The prevalence of menopausal syndrome was assessed by modified Kupperman Score Scale. Factors affecting menopausal syndrome were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 816 postmenopausal women were surveyed, with an mean age of (57.63±2.92) years and a mean natural menopause age of (49.85±2.13) years. There were 574 cases with menopausal syndrome, with a prevalence of 70.34%. Flashes and sweating, insomnia and irritability were common symptoms, accounting for 62.87%, 47.43% and 41.18%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that monthly personal income of ≤5 000 yuan (<3 000 yuan, OR=3.124, 95%CI: 1.829-5.335; 3 000-5 000 yuan, OR=2.399, 95%CI: 1.370-4.201) and having gynecological diseases (OR=1.970, 95%CI: 1.292-3.004) were associated with a higher risk of menopausal syndrome, while average (OR=0.141, 95%CI: 0.072-0.276) or sufficient sleep quality (OR=0.095, 95%CI: 0.049-0.185) were associated with a lower risk of menopausal syndrome. Conclusion The prevalence of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County is relatively high, and is mainly influenced by personal economic status, sleep quality and the presence of gynecological diseases.

Objective: To explore the relationship between positive parenting styles and academic emotions in junior high school students, as well as the chain mediation effects of parent-child communication and peer relationships, providing a theoretical basis for family education interventions. Methods: Using stratified cluster random sampling, 1 063 students from four junior high schools in a city in Anhui Province were selected for questionnaire surveys, form March to April, 2025. Core variables were measured using the Short form Parenting Style Scale, Adolescent Parent-Child Communication Scale, Peer Relationship Scale, and Adolescent Academic Emotion Questionnaire. Group comparison was conducted using t-test or analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between positive parenting styles, peer relationships, parent-child communication and positive academic emotions. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of positive parenting styles, peer relationships and parent-child communication on positive academic emotions. A mediation effect model and Bootstrap method were employed to test the chain mediation effects. Results: Students who were class leaders, had parents with higher education levels, or came from intact families scored significantly higher on positive academic emotions ( t/F =7.23, 13.73, 10.67, 4.45, all P < 0.01 ). Positive parenting styles, peer relationships, and parent-child communication were all positively correlated with positive academic emotions ( r =0.45, 0.41, 0.38), and all three positively predicted positive academic emotions ( β =0.24, 0.23, 0.12) (all P < 0.01 ). Further analysis showed that positive parenting styles directly predicted positive academic emotions ( β =0.40) and also indirectly influenced academic emotions through parent-child communication ( β =0.07), peer relationships ( β =0.05), and the chain mediation path of "parent-child communication → peer relationships" ( β =0.04) (all P <0.05), with the total indirect effect accounting for 40.55%. Conclusion Positive parenting styles enhance junior high school students academic emotions through the chain mediation path of "parent-child communication → peer relationships", providing theoretical support for interventions within the educational ecosystem.

Objective:To investigate the association between photodynamic diagnosis(PDD)and treatment efficacy of 5-aminolevu-linic acid(ALA)photodynamic therapy(PDT)in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ(cSCCis).Methods:A pro-spective cohort study was conducted among the patients with cSCCis who underwent ALA-PDT in Department of Dermatology,Huashan Hospital,Fudan University,from January 2020 to November 2024.All patients were diagnosed with cSCCis based on biopsy,and invasive squamous cell carcinoma was excluded.Clinical information was collected and PDD was performed before treatment,and the patients were divided into moderate fluorescence group and strong fluorescence groups based on fluorescence intensity.All patients received six sessions of PDT treatment at an interval of 1-2 weeks.The primary endpoint was the initial complete clearance rate at 3 months after the last treatment session,and secondary endpoints were the sustained complete clearance rate at 12 months after the last treatment session and treatment failure rate.The multivariate regression analysis,the survival curves,and the Cox regression analysis were used to investigate the association between PDD fluorescence intensity and treatment efficacy,as well as other influencing factors for treatment efficacy.Results:Compared with the strong fluorescence group,the moderate fluorescence group had significantly lower initial complete clearance rate[57.14%(8/14)vs.93.33%(28/30),odds ratio OR=0.100,P=0.010]and sustained complete clearance rate[42.86%(6/14)vs.76.67%(23/30),OR=0.230,P=0.030)].The multivariate regression analysis showed that moderate fluores-cence was an independent risk factor for initial complete clearance(OR=0.030,P=0.030).The moderate fluorescence group had a significantly higher treatment failure rate than the strong fluorescence group[57.14%(8/14)vs.23.33%(7/30),P=0.030].The survival analysis and the Cox regression analysis showed that moderate fluo-rescence was an independent risk factor for PDT treatment failure(hazard ratio=3.040,P=0.048).There were no significant differences in adverse reactions between the two groups.Conclusion:PDD fluorescence intensity can predict the efficacy of ALA-PDT in patients with cSCCis.Moderate fluorescence indicates a higher risk of treatment failure,which can help to guide clinicians in develop-ing individualized treatment strategies.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript(LncRNA XIST)and microRNA-122-5p(miR-122-5p)expression and the severity of brain injury and prognosis in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE).Methods A total of 108 SAE patients(SAE group)and 52 patients with sepsis only(non-SAE group)admitted to the Ankang Hospital of Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects.According to the degree of brain injury,the SAE patients were categorized into mild brain injury group[Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score 13-14,27 cases],moderate brain injury group(GCS score 9-12,36 cases),and severe brain injury group(GCS score 3-8,45 cases).Based on the 28-day prognosis,they were divided into death group(51 cases)and survival group(57 cases).Serum LncRNA XIST and miR-122-5p expression levels were measured using real-time quantitative PCR.The binding site of LncRNA XIST and miR-122-5p was predicted using the StarBase database,and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship be-tween serum LncRNA XIST and miR-122-5p expression in SAE patients.Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression was used to determine the association between serum LncRNA XIST,miR-122-5p expression,and prognosis in SAE patients.Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive efficacy of LncRNA XIST and miR-122-5p expression for SAE prognosis.Results Compared with non-SAE group,se-rum LncRNA XIST expression was increased and miR-122-5p expression was decreased in SAE group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).There were binding sites between LncRNA XIST and miR-122-5p,and the expression of LncRNA XIST in serum of SAE patients was negatively correlated with that of miR-122-5p(P＜0.05).Serum LncRNA XIST expression in mild brain injury group,middle brain injury group and severe brain injury group was increased successively,while miR-122-5p expression was decreased successively,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The 28-day mortality rate of SAE patients after admission was 47.22％(51/108).Compared with the survival group,the expression of serum LncRNA XIST was higher in the death group,and the expression of miR-122-5p was lower,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).High sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score and high expression of LncRNA XIST were independent risk factors for death in SAE patients,while high GCS scores and high miR-122-5p expression of were independent protec-tive factors(P＜0.05).The combined expression of serum LncRNA XIST and miR-122-5p predicted the death of SAE patients with greater area under the curve than that of serum LncRNA XIST and miR-122-5p a-lone(P＜0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum LncRNA XIST and decreased miR-122-5p expression levels are associated with the severity of brain injury and poor prognosis in SAE patients.The combined detection of Ln-cRNA XIST and miR-122-5p has a high predictive value for SAE prognosis.

In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence technology in rectal cancer radiotherapy has become increasingly significant. By constructing models from patient clinical information, accurate prediction of dose distribution, treatment effect, and toxic side effects of rectal cancer can be achieved. This allows optimizing the radiotherapy plan, ensuring the dose is focused on the tumor target area while reducing the radiation damage to the bladder, rectum, and other surrounding tissues. Thus, it can achieve precision and personalization in radiotherapy. In this review, the construction method of artificial intelligence predictive models was described, and the value of different predictive factors to the model was systematically analyzed, including patient clinical data, radiomics, and dosimetry. Moreover, the application and limitations of artificial intelligence predictive models in radiotherapy were summarized. This information can serve as a reference for the clinical application of artificial intelligence predictive models in rectal cancer radiotherapy.