Objective To investigate the technical capacity and service quality of occupational health technical service institutions (hereinafter referred to as "occupational health institutions") in Guangdong Province. Methods All occupational health institutions in Guangdong Province that had valid occupational health service qualifications and within the validity period were included for analysis. Data on basic information, employed personnel, and results of professional technical capacity assessments across occupational health institutions were obtained through the Guangdong Provincial Occupational Health Technical Quality Control Center. Results A total of 99 institutions with 2 732 technical staff were included in this study. Occupational health institutions in Guangdong Province were mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta region, accounting for 87.9% (87/99) of the total. The number of public and private health institutions was 23 and 76, accounted for 23.2% and 76.8% respectively. In terms of technical personnel, the percentage of individuals worked in public or private health institutions was 24.1% and 75.9%, respectively. Personnel titles were predominantly intermediate level and no title, accounting for 38.7% and 26.4%, respectively. Individuals with a bachelor′s degree or above accounted for 67.4%. Engineering and other professionals accounted for 35.4% and 30.5%, respectively. Private institutions undertook 97.3% of testing and evaluation workload related to occupational hazard in the province. The number of occupational health institutes acquiring category Ⅰ and Ⅱ service license were 97 and 13. Among institutions participating in inter-laboratory comparisons, the overall pass rates for quantitative items were 95.5% in public and 70.3% in private institutions, while the pass rates for qualitative items were 100.0% and 94.5%, respectively. Conclusion Occupational health institutions in Guangdong Province face issues such as imbalanced regional distribution, uneven development, and insufficient technical competence and testing capacity of professional personnel. Health authorities at all levels should continue to strengthen supervision and quality control to solidify the technical foundation and comprehensively enhance service capacity and quality.

OBJECTIVE: To provide preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for a patient with Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) due to IKBKG gene variant but without family samples through construction of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based haplotype by Long-read sequencing (LRS) technology. METHODS: A female IP patient with a heterozygous IKBKG c.1167dup variant but without family genetic data who sought genetic counseling at Women and Children' Hospital of Ningbo University in November 2021 was selected as the study subject. The IKBKG gene has a highly homologous pseudogene IKBKGP1. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from the couple, and LRS was used to obtain informative SNP loci flanking the variant locus, enabling the construction of SNP haplotype with a long segment spanning from the non-homologous region of IKBKG to the variant site. Trophoblast cells were biopsied from blastocysts fertilized through intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to determine the SNP information of the embryos. Linkage analysis with the parental SNP haplotypes was conducted to detect the carrier status of the embryos and exclude chromosomal aneuploidies. Sanger sequencing was carried out to validate the result. A euploid embryo without the pathogenic variant was selected for transfer. Prenatal diagnosis was carried out by amniocentesis at mid-trimester to verify the result of PGT tests, and follow-up was conducted after the baby was born. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University (Ethics No. EC2023-094). RESULTS: A total of seven blastocysts were tested, and PGT results indicated that two embryos were euploid and did not carry the pathogenic variant. One euploid embryo was transferred, which resulted in a singleton pregnancy. Amniocentesis at 24 weeks of gestation confirmed that the status of fetal IKBKG gene, and its chromosomal status was consistent with the PGT results. A healthy male infant was born at 38+6 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION For IP patients with de novo mutation or without family genetic samples, PGT with LRS can directly construct the SNP-based haplotype while avoiding interference from pseudogenes, providing an effective strategy for PGT.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Genetic Testing/methods* ; Haplotypes/genetics* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; I-kappa B Kinase/genetics* ; Incontinentia Pigmenti/diagnosis* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics* ; Preimplantation Diagnosis/methods* ; Infant, Newborn

Objective:To conduct quantitative evaluation on the revise requirements of Specifications of Air Sampling for Hazardous Substances Monitoring in the Workplace (GBZ 159-2004) , clarify the problems and suggestions during its implementation for improvement, and provide a basis for the revision of the standard.Methods:From April to September 2021, stratified convenient sampling method was adopted and semi-open questionnaire was used to investigate the occupational health personnel in CDC, occupational prevention and control institutes, employers, third-party technical service institutions and universitie. The entropy weight of each index and the score based on entropy weight of GBZ 159 were calculated. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to describe the correlation between the two indexes and radar chart was drawn for comprehensive evaluation.Results:A total of 151 questionnaires were received from the respondents, of which 147 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 97.35%, involving 29 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The median G scores of the necessity and urgency of GBZ 159 revision based on entropy weight were 2.84 and 3.17, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( M=-25.50, P<0.001) . The trend of the score G of necessity and urgency based on entropy weight was basically the same for all secondary items ( rs=0.9998, P<0.001) , and the score G of urgency based on entropy weight was higher than that of necessity. The highest score G of necessity and urgency based on entropy weight was "3.13 long time sampling", which were 7.56 and 8.23 respectively. This was followed by "3.12 short time sampling", which were 7.19 and 7.13 respectively. Conclusion:GBZ 159 has encountered some new problems and challenges in the implementation process, and some of its technical indicators have been out of line with the actual practice of occupational health at present. These are the two items that urgently needs to be revised and improved, such as "3.13 long time sampling" and "3.12 short time sampling" and other items need to be revised and improved.

Systematically evaluate the implementation of Specifications of Air Sampling for Hazardous Substances Monitoring (GBZ 159-2004) , so as to provide technical basis for the future standard revision. The semi-structured interview method was used to interview the industry experts from centers for disease control and prevention, occupational disease prevention and control hospitals/institutes, employers, third-party technical service institutions and universities, and the induction method was used to refine the topics and relevant suggestions. Some technical indicators of GBZ 159 are not suitable for the current actual work of occupational health, and need to be revised and improved urgently. The revised GBZ 159 should comply with the current situation of China's industrial development and the development of occupational health testing equipment in the new era, and improve the relevant technical requirements of sampling quality control.

Metabolomics, including targeted metabolomics and non-targeted metabolomics, is a method to study endogenous small molecule metabolites in organisms. The process of metabolomics analysis generally includes sample collection and pre-treatment, sample detection, data preprocessing, metabolite identification, data statistical analysis, and others. At present, metabolomics technology has been applied to study toxicological mechanism of occupational hazards, early detection and diagnosis of occupational diseases, screening biomarkers of occupational exposure, and others. The application of metabolomics technology to explore the relationship between workers' metabolites and exposure to occupational hazardous, assess the potential impact of occupational exposure on workers' health, and search for ideal biomarkers or therapeutic targets is conducive to early warning and monitoring of occupational health hazards, and assistance in the early diagnosis and prognosis of occupational diseases.In the future, further research is needed in the field of occupational health using metabolomics to establish more complete and standardized workflows and experimental methods, combine big data technology to explore potential biomarkers, utilize metabolic information to provide precise occupational health services, and use artificial intelligence models for data mining and disease diagnosis in metabolomics.

Objective To analyze differential metabolites (DMs) in the urine of workers with occupational nickel exposure using non-targeted metabolomics, and to screen differential metabolic pathways. Methods A total of 30 nickel exposed workers were selected as the exposure group, and 30 administrative staff from the same factory were selected as the control group using the judgment sampling method. Urine samples of the individuals from the two groups were collected. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and non-targeted metabolomics were used to detect and identify metabolites. The differential metabolic profiles were compared between workers of the two groups, and key differential metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers were screened. The association of DMs and urinary nickel level were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficients. The sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results A total of 418 metabolites were identified in the urine of worker in the exposure and control groups. The result of principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares analysis showed that there were 128 DMs in the urine of workers in the exposure group compared with the control group. These DMs were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism, carnitine synthesis, and amino acid and nucleotide metabolism pathways, including glycine and serine metabolism. The result of correlation analysis and ROC curve analysis revealed that 4-methylcatechol, 4-vinylphenol sulfate, 2-hydroxyphenylacetone sulfate, 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and decylbenzenesulfonic acid could be the potential biomarkers for nickel exposure (all area under the ROC curve >0.800). Conclusion There were significant differences in the urinary metabolic profiles of workers with occupational nickel exposure. The five DMs including 4-methylcatechol, 4-vinylphenol sulfate, 2-hydroxyphenylacetone sulfate, 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and decylbenzenesulfonic acid. These DMs could be potential biomarkers of occupational nickel exposure.

Biotoxins, which include bacterial, fungal, marine, plant, and animal toxins, are widespread in living and occupational environments, posing potential threats to human health. Rapid detection of biotoxins in blood is crucial for preventing health hazards and enabling timely disease diagnosis and treatment. Biosensors and immunoassay technologies have critical advantages in the rapid detection of biotoxins in blood. Common biosensors, such as surface plasmon resonance biosensors and fluorescent biosensors, enhance sensitivity and reduce detection limits through signal amplification. Common immunoassay methods, such as colloidal gold immunochromatography, fluorescence immunochromatography, and chemiluminescence immunoassay, improve detection efficacy and sensitivity through specific antibody-antigen binding and nanotechnology. However, current rapid detection technologies of bitoxins in blood face challenges such as matrix interference and insufficient specificity, and they fall short in high-throughput detection of multiple toxins simultaneously. Future developments should focus on improving sample pretreatment, innovating signal amplification methods, enhancing specificity on recognition of elements, and designing portable detection devices and high-throughput platforms for simultaneous toxin analysis. These advancements aim to improve the sensitivity and reliability of detection methods, providing more accurate and convenient solutions for biotoxin detection in blood.

AIM: To explore the risk factors of retinal detachment after stage II vitrectomy in patients with open ocular trauma.METHODS: Retrospective analysis. Totally 278 patients(278 eyes)with open ocular trauma who received stage II vitrectomy in the hospital were included from April 2020 to July 2023. According to the postoperative retinal detachment status, they were divided into detachment group(48 eyes)and non-detachment group(230 eyes). The basic clinical conditions of the two groups of patients were compared, and the factors affecting retinal detachment were analyzed.RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that there were statistical differences in wound length, injured area, surgical time after injury, and history of retinal detachment/lesion between the two groups(all P<0.05). Logistics multivariate regression analysis showed that wound length greater than 10 mm, surgical time after injury more than 1 wk, and history of retinal detachment/lesion were risk factors for retinal detachment in patients with open ocular trauma after stage II vitrectomy(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The occurrence of retinal detachment in patients with open ocular trauma after stage II vitrectomy is mainly related to the severity of trauma, surgical time after injury and history of ocular retinopathy. It is necessary to perform surgical treatment for patients as soon as possible.

BACKGROUND:The renin-angiotensin system plays a key role in the occurrence and development of hypertension,in which angiotensin(1-7)has antihypertensive effect and reversely regulates the adverse effects of angiotensin Ⅱ.Exercise rehabilitation therapy is an important non-pharmaceutical means to prevent and treat hypertension;however,whether angiotensin(1-7)and exercise have a synergistic effect is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of angiotensin(1-7)supplementation combined with exercise therapy on cardiac remodeling in rats with renal hypertension and to investigate the possible mechanism of angiotensin(1-7)and its receptor signal axis. METHODS:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected,of which 12 rats were randomly selected as normotensive group and the remaining 48 rats were used to make animal models of renal hypertension using two-kidney one-clip method and were then randomly divided into hypertension control group,hypertension exercise group,angiotensin(1-7)group and combined treatment group.One week after successful modeling,different interventions were given(for a period of 6 weeks)as follows:the hypertension exercise group was subjected to a running training on an electric treadmill,the angiotensin(1-7)group was perfused with angiotensin(1-7)by implanting Alzet microosmotic pump subcutaneously on the back of the rats,and the combined treatment group was perfused with angiotensin(1-7)after running training,while the normotensive group and hypertension control group were caged quietly.At 48 hours after the last training session,the tail artery blood pressure was measured with a non-invasive sphygmomanometer;the heart structure and function were detected by echocardiography;the left ventricular myocardium was taken for histopathological observation by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining,and the cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and collagen volume fraction were obtained by image analysis software as markers of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis,respectively;the content of angiotensin(1-7)in the heart was detected by high performance liquid chromatography;the mRNA expression of cardiac embryonic genes,atrial natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain,was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR;and the protein expression of cardiac Mas receptor,angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase was measured by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normotensive group,blood pressure increased(P<0.05),cardiac function had no significant changes(P>0.05),cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and collagen volume fraction increased(P<0.05),mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain was upregulated(P<0.05),angiotensin(1-7)content and protein expression of Mas receptor,angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase was downregulated(P<0.05)in the hypertension control group.Compared with the hypertension control group,blood pressure decreased(P<0.05),cardiac function improved(P<0.05),collagen volume fraction decreased(P<0.05),cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and angiotensin(1-7)content showed no significant changes(P>0.05),mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain was downregulated(P<0.05),and the protein expression of Mas receptor,angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase was upregulated(P<0.05)in the hypertension exercise group;except for an increase in myocardial angiotensin(1-7)content(P<0.05),other parameters had no statistical significance(P>0.05)in the hypertension angiotensin(1-7)group.Compared with the hypertension exercise group,blood pressure decreased(P<0.05),cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and cardiac function had no significant changes(P>0.05),collagen volume fraction decreased(P<0.05),angiotensin(1-7)content increased(P<0.05),mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain was downregulated(P<0.05),and the protein expression of Mas receptor,angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase was upregulated(P<0.05)in the combined treatment group.To conclude,supplementation of angiotensin(1-7)alone cannot improve cardiac remodeling in rats with renal hypertension,but it can enhance the efficacy of exercise.The mechanism is related to the improvement of angiotensin(1-7)receptor deficiency and restoration of its signaling pathway function.

In order to promote the development of hair transplantation, particularly the establishment of standards, the Hair Transplantation Expert Group of Plastic and Aesthetic National Medical Quality Control Center invited experts in the field of hair transplantation across China and formed a draft of the Expert Consensus on Standard Terminology for Hair Transplantation based on the collation of relevant literature and monographs. By combining Delphi methodology and consensus meetings, the expert group conducted several rounds of consultations on issues such as follicular unit anatomy, harvesting, dissection, and implantation, ultimately presenting 54 terminologies. This consensus considers the original Chinese and English meanings as well as the professional characteristics of terms used in hair transplantation, highlights the unique features and advantages of hair transplantation, and preserves its essence while promoting innovation, with the hope of providing valuable reference for clinical researchers engaged in hair transplantation both domestically and internationally, and better facilitating the standardization and advancement of the field.