ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the effect of Feiyanning granules on ferroptosis in lung cancer cells and its regulatory function within the nuclear transcription factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/mouse solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） signaling pathway. MethodsThe cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to detect the effect of Feiyanning granule on the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells. A549 lung cancer cells were categorized into a blank group， a ferroptosis inhibitor-1 （Fer-1） group （10 μmol·L^-1）， a Feiyanning granules （600 mg·L^-1） group， and a Feiyanning granules + Fer-1 group. After 48 hours of intervention， the activity and morphology of the cells were observed. The CCK-8 method was employed to measure cell viability. Biochemical assays were carried out to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione （GSH）， and ferrous ions （Fe²⁺） in A549 cells. Western blot was utilized to evaluate the expression levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 proteins. A549 lung cancer cells were categorized into a blank group and a Feiyanning Granule group （600 mg·L^-1）， and mitochondrial morphology was examined via transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. ResultsAfter the intervention of Feiyaning granules， the proliferation of A549 cells was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner compared with that in the blank group （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the Feiyanning granules group exerted an significantly inhibitory effect on the viability of lung cancer cells （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the Feiyanning granules group， the cell viability in the Feiyanning granules +Fer-1 group was obviously restored （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， the Feiyanning Granule group showed a significant increase in the levels of ROS， MDA， and Fe²⁺ （P<0.01）， a significant decrease in the GSH level （P<0.01）， and facilitated ferroptosis. Compared with the blank group， the Feiyanning granules group showed significantly decreased expression of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 proteins and enhanced expression of Keap1 （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the Feiyanning Granule group， the protein levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 increased significantly （P<0.01）， and the expression of Keap1 decreased significantly in the Feiyanning granules + Fer-1 group （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the Feiyaning granules group exhibited reduced mitochondrial size and increased matrix electron density. ConclusionFeiyanning granules can induce ferroptosis in lung cancer cells， and its underlying mechanism might be associated with the inhibition of the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Fresh-cut processing constitutes a pivotal technique in the origin processing of Chinese medicinal materials， with a long history documented in multiple materia medica. In recent years， it has garnered national policy support for its ability to prevent component loss and low processing efficiency associated with traditional drying-before-cutting methods. As of August 2025， 26 provinces and municipalities nationwide have cumulatively published 789 species for fresh-cut processing. Among these， 78 were included in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. However， the practice continues to face common challenges and difficulties， including ambiguous scientific understanding， fragmented standards， limited quality control approaches， and poor process stability. Based on this， this paper synthesises years of research findings to systematically elucidate the core mechanisms of fresh-cut processing. These encompass alterations to herbal tissue structure during cutting， post-processing changes in constituents， and physiological-biochemical processes such as plant stress responses and shifts in endogenous enzyme activity. It also summarises influencing factors， including inherent herbal properties， cutting timing and methods， and environmental conditions like temperature， humidity， and microbial presence. Based on this overview of fresh-cutting mechanisms， subsequent research should advance in four directions：Clarifying the scientific principles of fresh-cutting， overcoming technical bottlenecks， upgrading intelligent equipment， and establishing quality standards and evaluation systems. This study provides a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for future research on fresh-cutting in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， promoting its deeper practical application within the industry and contributing to the high-quality development of TCM industry and the modernization of TCM.

To explore the latent profile characteristics of fear of progression (FoP) in patients with Behçet′s disease (BD) and analyze its influencing factors.

Objective: To explore the role of the c.598G>A mutation of the ITGB3 gene in the occurrence of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) through its expression in vitro. Methods: The platelet antibodies in the sera of the affected neonate and her mother were detected using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), solid-phase agglutination, flow cytometry and the gold standard monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA). The common human platelet antigen (HPA) genotypes of the neonate and her parents were obtained using the HPA-SSP method. The presence of mutations was analyzed by sequencing the exons of the ITGB3 and ITGA2B genes. The target gene of ITGB3 was obtained by PCR amplification using the existing human platelet cDNA. The wild-type ITGB3 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed by TA cloning technology. The 598G>A mutant ITGB3 eukaryotic expression vector was obtained by point mutation, and the plasmid DNA was co-transfected with that of ITGA2B (αⅡb) into HEK293 cells. The transfected cells stably expressing GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa were screened and obtained. The expression of GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa in 598G>A mutant transfected cells and the presence of antibodies against this mutation in the serum of mother were detected by flow cytometry and MAIPA. Results: Antibodies against HLA-class Ⅰ and GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa glycoproteins were detected in the serum of the neonate's mother, and subsequent HLA antibody-specific testing confirmed the presence of antibodies against HLA-B 57∶01 and A 02∶05. ITGB3 sequencing showed that the neonate and her father carried the c.598G>A point mutation, which results in the change of glutamate to lysine at position 200. Antibodies against GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa glycoproteins were not detected using constructed c.598G>A mutant transfected cells reacted with the maternal serum. Conclusion: The in vitro expression and analysis of the ITGB3 c.598G>A mutation did not support a role for this mutation in the pathogenesis of FNAIT. The establishment of this method facilitates the discovery of new platelet low-frequency antigens, and provides a theoretical foundation for the detection of antibodies against platelet antigens associated with patients with adverse pregnancy and childbirth histories.

The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) comprises a group of genetically related yet phenotypically diverse Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens. These organisms demonstrate significant pathogenicity in immunocompromised populations, particularly cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients, causing severe infections including pneumonia, bacteremia, and urinary tract infections. Notably, Bcc infection in CF patients may progress to acute respiratory failure or the life-threatening "cepacia syndrome". Of particular concern is the widespread nosocomial colonization by Bcc strains coupled with their sophisticated multidrug resistance mechanisms, which contribute substantially to clinical treatment failures. This review systematically examines the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations and resistance mechanisms of Bcc. The review aims to provide evidence-based references for improving accurate diagnosis and enhancing infection control measures against this challenging pathogen.

Objective: To understand the distribution characteristics of high-risk populations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among residents aged ≥40 years in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide a basis for comprehensive prevention and control of COPD. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method combined with probability proportional to size sampling was used to select residents aged ≥40 years from May to December 2019 in 4 monitoring sites in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for a questionnaire survey. Information on demographics, current or past smoking, severe respiratory infections in childhood, exposure to occupational harmful factors, exposure to indoor polluting fuels, chronic respiratory symptoms, personal history of chronic respiratory diseases, and family history of chronic respiratory diseases was collected. The distribution characteristics of high risk populations of COPD and high-risk factors were analyzed. Results: A total of 2 302 people were surveyed, including 1 234 males (53.61%) and 1 068 females (46.39%). The mean age was (57.87±8.67) years. A total of 2 114 people (91.83%) were exposed to at least one high-risk factor. The exposure rate of risk factors was 87.88%. There were significant differences in the exposure rates of risk factors among residents of different genders, ages, residence, and occupations (all P<0.05). The exposure rate was higher in males than in females, higher in the 50-60 years than in the 60-<70 years, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher among those engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy than among national enterprise clerks, professional and technical personnel, and retirees (all P<0.05). The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was 14.73%. There were significant differences in the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among residents of different residence and occupations (all P<0.05). The prevalence was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher among those engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy than among retirees (all P<0.05). The exposure rate of personal history of chronic respiratory diseases was 10.90%. There were significant differences in the exposure rate of personal history of chronic respiratory diseases among residents of different educational levels, residence, and occupations (all P<0.05). The exposure rate was higher among those with primary education or below and junior high school education than among those with high school education or above, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher among those engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy than among retirees (all P<0.05). The exposure rate of family history of chronic respiratory diseases was 22.85%. The exposure rate was higher in rural areas than in urban areas (P<0.05). Among residents exposed to risk factors, the exposure rate of current or past smoking was 38.84%, the exposure rate of severe respiratory infections in childhood was 2.13%, the exposure rate of occupational harmful factors was 44.27%, and the exposure rate of indoor polluting fuels was 60.12%. The exposure rates of current or past smoking and occupational harmful factors were higher in males and rural residents (all P<0.05). Conclusions The proportion of high-risk populations for COPD among residents aged ≥40 years in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high. It is recommended to strengthen health education for male residents, rural residents, and those engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy, and to adopt comprehensive prevention and control strategies to reduce the exposure level of risk factors among residents.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Huayu jiedu formula in regulating inflammatory injury in chronic kidney disease （CKD）. METHODS Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham surgery group （10 rats） and a modeling group （40 rats）. The CKD model was replicated in the modeling group by unilateral ureteral obstruction surgery. After successful modeling， the rats were randomly divided into model group， esaxerenone group （positive control）， and TCM low- and high-dose groups， with 10 rats in each group. The Esaxerenone group was given 1 mg/kg of esaxerenone， while the TCM low- and high-dose groups were given 13.7 and 27.4 g/kg of Huayu jiedu formula respectively， the sham surgery group and model group were given an equal volume of physiological saline， all groups were intervened continuously for 14 days. Hematoxylin eosin and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes in rat kidney tissue. Conventional biochemical methods were used to detect serum urea （SUr）， serum creatinine （SCr）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） levels； enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of serum interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）； immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α（PGC-1α） ， mitochondrial transcription factor A （TFAM）， absent in melanoma 2（AIM2）， caspase-1， gasdermin D （GSDMD）， IL-1β and IL-18 in renal tissue； real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of AIM2. RESULTS Compared with the sham surgery group， the renal tissue of the model group showed pathological changes such as glomerular deformation and destruction， severe tubular dilation， and increased deposition of blue fibrin； the levels of SUr， SCr， MDA， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α，the protein expression of AIM2， GSDMD， caspase-1， IL-1β， IL-18 ， and the mRNA expression of AIM2 were significantly increased or up-regulated （P＜0.01）； the levels of SOD， the protein expression of PGC-1α， TFAM were significantly reduced or down-regulated （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， all treatment groups showed improvement in the above symptoms and most indicators in rats. CONCLUSIONS Huayu jiedu formula may improve renal function， alleviate renal inflammatory damage and pyroptosis， and exert renal protective effects by regulating the AIM2 pyroptosis pathway.

Male infertility has become a global concern, accounting for 20-70% of infertility. Dysfunctional spermatogenesis is the most common cause of male infertility; thus, treating abnormal spermatogenesis may improve male infertility and has attracted the attention of the medical community. Mitochondria are essential organelles that maintain cell homeostasis and normal physiological functions in various ways, such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial OXPHOS transmits electrons through the respiratory chain, synthesizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). These mechanisms are vital for spermatogenesis, especially to maintain the normal function of testicular Sertoli cells and germ cells. The disruption of mitochondrial OXPHOS caused by external factors can result in inadequate cellular energy supply, oxidative stress, apoptosis, or ferroptosis, all inhibiting spermatogenesis and damaging the male reproductive system, leading to male infertility. This article summarizes the latest pathological mechanism of mitochondrial OXPHOS disorder in testicular Sertoli cells and germ cells, which disrupts spermatogenesis and results in male infertility. In addition, we also briefly outline the current treatment of spermatogenic malfunction caused by mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders. However, relevant treatments have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders in Sertoli cells and germ cells is a research direction worthy of attention. We believe this review will provide new and more accurate ideas for treating male infertility.
Male ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/metabolism* ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Sertoli Cells/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; Animals ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism*

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is currently the most prevalent malignancy and the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although the early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a relatively good prognosis, a considerable number of lung cancer cases are still detected and diagnosed at locally advanced or late stages. Surgical treatment combined with perioperative multimodality treatment is the mainstay of treatment for locally advanced NSCLC and has been shown to improve patient survival. Following the standard methods of neoadjuvant therapy, perioperative management, postoperative adjuvant therapy, and other therapeutic strategies are important for improving patients' prognosis and quality of life. However, controversies remain over the perioperative management of NSCLC and presently consensus and standardized guidelines are lacking for addressing critical clinical issues in multimodality treatment. METHODS: The working group consisted of 125 multidisciplinary experts from thoracic surgery, medical oncology, radiotherapy, epidemiology, and psychology. This guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The clinical questions were collected and selected based on preliminary open-ended questionnaires and subsequent discussions during the Guideline Working Group meetings. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for available evidence. The GRADE system was used to evaluate the quality of evidence and grade the strengths of recommendations. Finally, the recommendations were developed through a structured consensus-building process. RESULTS: The Guideline Development Group initially collected a total of 62 important clinical questions. After a series of consensus-building conferences, 24 clinical questions were identified and corresponding recommendations were ultimately developed, focusing on neoadjuvant therapy, perioperative management, adjuvant therapy, postoperative psychological rehabilitation, prognosis assement, and follow-up protocols for NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS This guideline puts forward reasonable recommendations focusing on neoadjuvant therapy, perioperative management, adjuvant therapy, postoperative psychological rehabilitation, prognosis assessment, and follow-up protocol of NSCLC. It standardizes perioperative multimodality treatment and provides guidance for clinical practice among thoracic surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiotherapists, aiming to reduce postoperative recurrence, improve patient survival, accelerate recovery, and minimize postoperative complications such as atelectasis.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Perioperative Care

BACKGROUND: The effect of the interval between previous Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication and rescue treatment on therapeutic outcomes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between eradication rates and treatment interval durations in H. pylori infections. METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2023 at six tertiary hospitals in Shandong, China. We recruited patients who were positive for H. pylori infection and required rescue treatment. Demographic information, previous times of eradication therapy, last eradication therapy date, and history of antibiotic use data were collected. The patients were divided into four groups based on the rescue treatment interval length: Group A, ≥4 weeks and ≤3 months; Group B, >3 and ≤6 months; Group C, >6 and ≤12 months; and Group D, >12 months. The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H. pylori . Drug compliance and adverse events (AEs) were also assessed. Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare eradication rates between groups. RESULTS: A total of 670 patients were enrolled in this study. The intention-to-treat (ITT) eradication rates were 88.3% (158/179) in Group A, 89.6% (120/134) in Group B, 89.1% (123/138) in Group C, and 87.7% (192/219) in Group D. The per-protocol (PP) eradication rates were 92.9% (156/168) in Group A, 94.5% (120/127) in Group B, 94.5% (121/128) in Group C, and 93.6% (190/203) in Group D. There was no statistically significant difference in the eradication rates between groups in either the ITT ( P = 0.949) or PP analysis ( P = 0.921). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of AEs ( P = 0.934) or drug compliance ( P = 0.849) between groups. CONCLUSION: The interval duration of rescue treatment had no significant effect on H. pylori eradication rates or the incidence of AEs. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT05173493.
Humans ; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy* ; Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity* ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects* ; Adult ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use*