ObjectiveTo observe the activation patterns and functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex of patients with post-stroke anxiety (PSA) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, in order to explore the underlying neural mechanism. MethodsFrom December, 2024 to September, 2025, 120 stroke patients were selected in Changzhou De'an Hospital. They were divided into PSA group (n = 60) and non-PSA group (n = 60) according to the score of Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). All patients wore an 18-channel fNIRS acquisition cap for detection. The differences in resting-state functional connectivity between the frontopolar cortex (FPC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were examined in both groups, as well as task-related activation in these brain regions. ResultsResting-state functional connectivity analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in network connectivity between two groups in the FPC and DLPFC regions (|t| < 1.301, P > 0.05). Task-related activation results revealed significantly reduced activation in the contralateral FPC of PSA group compared to the non-PSA group (Z = -2.063, P < 0.05). Activation levels in this region showed a negative correlation with the scores of HAMA (ρ = -0.201, P = 0.028). ConclusionActivation decreased in the contralateral frontal pole during the task state for patients with PSA, and the activation levels negatively correlates with anxiety severities.

ObjectiveTo observe the activation patterns and functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex of patients with post-stroke anxiety (PSA) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, in order to explore the underlying neural mechanism. MethodsFrom December, 2024 to September, 2025, 120 stroke patients were selected in Changzhou De'an Hospital. They were divided into PSA group (n = 60) and non-PSA group (n = 60) according to the score of Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). All patients wore an 18-channel fNIRS acquisition cap for detection. The differences in resting-state functional connectivity between the frontopolar cortex (FPC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were examined in both groups, as well as task-related activation in these brain regions. ResultsResting-state functional connectivity analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in network connectivity between two groups in the FPC and DLPFC regions (|t| < 1.301, P > 0.05). Task-related activation results revealed significantly reduced activation in the contralateral FPC of PSA group compared to the non-PSA group (Z = -2.063, P < 0.05). Activation levels in this region showed a negative correlation with the scores of HAMA (ρ = -0.201, P = 0.028). ConclusionActivation decreased in the contralateral frontal pole during the task state for patients with PSA, and the activation levels negatively correlates with anxiety severities.

ObjectiveTo observe the activation patterns and functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex of patients with post-stroke anxiety (PSA) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, in order to explore the underlying neural mechanism. MethodsFrom December, 2024 to September, 2025, 120 stroke patients were selected in Changzhou De'an Hospital. They were divided into PSA group (n = 60) and non-PSA group (n = 60) according to the score of Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). All patients wore an 18-channel fNIRS acquisition cap for detection. The differences in resting-state functional connectivity between the frontopolar cortex (FPC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were examined in both groups, as well as task-related activation in these brain regions. ResultsResting-state functional connectivity analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in network connectivity between two groups in the FPC and DLPFC regions (|t| < 1.301, P > 0.05). Task-related activation results revealed significantly reduced activation in the contralateral FPC of PSA group compared to the non-PSA group (Z = -2.063, P < 0.05). Activation levels in this region showed a negative correlation with the scores of HAMA (ρ = -0.201, P = 0.028). ConclusionActivation decreased in the contralateral frontal pole during the task state for patients with PSA, and the activation levels negatively correlates with anxiety severities.

Breast cancer has become the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate among women， seriously threatening the life and health of women all over the world. The pathogenic factors and development mechanisms of breast cancer are complex and diverse. The development of breast cells from ordinary hyperplasia to atypical hyperplasia， and from pre-cancerous lesions to cancerous lesions， is a long-term progressive process. Therefore， early screening and prevention of breast cancer is particularly important. Western medicine has a relatively mature treatment program for breast cancer， which is mainly based on surgery and systemic treatment， whereas the ensuing complications and adverse reactions often bring a heavy burden to patients. For the precancerous lesions of breast cancer， surgery is also the mainstay of treatment. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has increasingly highlighted its advantages in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Increasing studies have shown that in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer and pre-cancerous lesions， TCM compound prescriptions， single herbs or herb pairs， and active components are able to regulate a variety of intracellular signaling pathways through multi-targets to inhibit the proliferation and invasion， promote the apoptosis and autophagy of tumor cells， and regulate the cell cycle and the immune microenvironment， thus exerting anti-tumor effects. At the same time， they can significantly attenuate the toxic side effects of radiotherapy and drug resistance of patients. However， the specific mechanisms of TCM in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer and precancerous lesions have not been fully clarified. The available studies are tanglesome regarding the TCM inhibition of tumor development through the regulation of classical signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， Wnt/β-catenin， and Notch， which still need to be verified by a large number of clinical and experimental studies. Therefore， this paper reviews the research progress in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer and precancerous lesions by TCM through interfering with the relevant signaling pathways in recent years， aiming to summarize the possible mechanisms of TCM in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer and provide references for subsequent studies.

Objective:To explore the effect of scalp electroacupuncture (EA) on central pain sensitization in rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:Thirty-two 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group, an electroacupuncture (EA) group and a sham EA group, each of 8. All of the rats except those in the control group had KOA induced through intra-articular monosodium iodoacetate injections in the right knee. Two weeks later the EA group rats began receiving daily head EA sessions 6 days/week for 2 weeks. The sham EA group received identical but non-therapeutic stimulation. The blank control and model groups received no EA intervention. Before the modelling and 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days later, all of the rats completed bipedal balance pain tests and mechanical allodynia evaluations. After the testing on day 28, all of the rats were euthanized for molecular analyses. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) in both the periaqueductal gray (PAG) matter and spinal dorsal horns (SDHs). Serum levels of substance P (SP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were also quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results:Three days after successful modeling, the average weight-bearing capacity of the right hind limb in the model, sham EA and EA groups was significantly lower than that of the blank controls. It reached its lowest level on the 14th day after modeling. Concurrently, the pain responses in those three groups were significantly higher than among the controls, also peaking on the 14th day after modeling. After two weeks of electroacupuncture, the electroacupuncture group showed significant improvement in both right hind limb weight-bearing capacity and pain response compared to the model group. Meanwhile, the levels of BDNF and TrkB protein in the periaqueductal gray matter were significantly higher in the model group than among the blank controls, while the electroacupuncture group exhibited significantly reduced expression of BDNF and TrkB proteins compared to the model group, along with significantly increased CB1R protein expression. The model group showed significantly elevated expression of both BDNF and TrkB proteins in the spinal dorsal horn compared to the blank control group, while there were significant differences between the EA and model groups in the expression of BDNF, TrkB and CB1R proteins. Immunohistochemical analysis on day 28 revealed that the EA group had significantly fewer BDNF- and TrkB-positive cells in the PAG compared to the model group, with significantly more CB1R-positive cells. In the SDH, the model group exhibited significantly increased numbers of BDNF- and TrkB-positive cells compared to the blank control group, whereas significant differences were found between the EA and blank control groups in the numbers of BDNF-, TrkB- and CB1R-positive cells. Serum analysis on day 28 demonstrated that substance P and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the model, sham EA and EA groups were significantly higher than in the blank control group, on average. However, no significant differences were observed in serum SP and 5-HT levels between the EA and model groups.Conclusions:Scalp EA significantly alleviates central pain sensitization in KOA, at least in rats, potentially by suppressing BDNF and TrkB expression while upregulating CB1R expression in the PAG matter and the SDH.

Objective:To summarize the experience of designing hair transplantation for post-cleft lip repair moustache defects based on the morphological and tissue characteristics of the upper lip.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of male patients treated at the Hair Transplantation Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College from January 2011 to July 2024. Based on the morphology and tissue texture of the upper lip after cleft lip repair, the position and shape of the moustache were designed. Hair follicles were harvested from the mid-occipital region and/or the jaw shadow area using either the strip harvesting method or the follicular unit excision (FUE) technique. Needles of 21 or 22 gauge were used to create incisions in the recipient sites down to the superficial subcutaneous layer. The hair shafts were clamped with micro-forceps and then transplanted into the recipient sites to restore the moustache shape. Postoperatively, the density, shape, direction of the moustache, and the condition of the donor site scars were observed and followed up.Results:A total of 47 male patients, aged 23-43 years (mean 28.7 years), were included. Among them, 29 had undergone lower triangular flap repair, 13 received the Millard technique, and 5 were treated with other surgical methods for cleft lip repair. For hair follicle extraction, the strip method was used in 7 cases, and FUE in 40 cases. The donor sites included the jaw shadow area (9 cases), mid-occipital region (23 cases), and a combination of both (15 cases). The number of transplanted follicular units ranged from 33 to 500 (mean 217). Follow-up duration ranged from 9 months to 10 years (mean 3.5 years). Postoperative complications included folliculitis in 6 cases, and 4 cases required additional transplantation due to insufficient density after one year. The remaining patients exhibited satisfactory hair growth, with natural mustache shape and direction. The graft survival rate was approximately 80%, and donor site scarring was minimal.Conclusion:When performing hair transplantation to treat post-cleft lip repair moustache defects, the design should prioritize the morphological and tissue characteristics of the upper lip, followed by consideration of overall position and bilateral symmetry of the moustache. Only by fully considering the characteristics of the recipient area can optimally repair outcomes be achieved.

Objective:To evaluate the practical effectiveness of a one-to-one mentorship-based short-term training model for senior medical professionals in clinical, teaching, research, and management dimensions based on the reaction and learning levels of the Kirkpatrick model, and to explore its application value.Methods:A total of 109 physicians and their 109 mentors who participated in the senior medical professional training program at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2023 to May 2024 were included. The one-to-one mentorship teaching method was implemented. Data were collected through self-assessment questionnaires and mentor evaluation forms to analyze satisfaction, proficiency, competency improvement, and training effectiveness and their correlations.Results:Valid feedback forms were collected from 100 physicians and 100 mentors. At the reaction level, the satisfaction of trainees was high for mentors (99.00%, 99/100) and training content [clinical: 98.96%(95/96), teaching: 93.75%(15/16), research 85.71%(12/14), management: 100.00%(24/24)]. At the learning level, trainee self-assessed and mentor-evaluated proficiency exceeded 75.00% across all dimensions except research. Significant improvements in clinical, teaching, research, and management competencies were reported by both trainees and mentors ( P<0.001). Notably, evaluations of clinical competency improvement showed strong consistency ( r s=0.37, P<0.001). Conclusions:The one-to-one mentorship-based short-term training model demonstrated positive effects in enhancing mentorship outcomes and excellent educational effectiveness in senior medical professionals. This model is recommended for implementation in similar hospitals for training senior medical professionals.

Objective:To summarize the experience of designing hair transplantation for post-cleft lip repair moustache defects based on the morphological and tissue characteristics of the upper lip.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of male patients treated at the Hair Transplantation Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College from January 2011 to July 2024. Based on the morphology and tissue texture of the upper lip after cleft lip repair, the position and shape of the moustache were designed. Hair follicles were harvested from the mid-occipital region and/or the jaw shadow area using either the strip harvesting method or the follicular unit excision (FUE) technique. Needles of 21 or 22 gauge were used to create incisions in the recipient sites down to the superficial subcutaneous layer. The hair shafts were clamped with micro-forceps and then transplanted into the recipient sites to restore the moustache shape. Postoperatively, the density, shape, direction of the moustache, and the condition of the donor site scars were observed and followed up.Results:A total of 47 male patients, aged 23-43 years (mean 28.7 years), were included. Among them, 29 had undergone lower triangular flap repair, 13 received the Millard technique, and 5 were treated with other surgical methods for cleft lip repair. For hair follicle extraction, the strip method was used in 7 cases, and FUE in 40 cases. The donor sites included the jaw shadow area (9 cases), mid-occipital region (23 cases), and a combination of both (15 cases). The number of transplanted follicular units ranged from 33 to 500 (mean 217). Follow-up duration ranged from 9 months to 10 years (mean 3.5 years). Postoperative complications included folliculitis in 6 cases, and 4 cases required additional transplantation due to insufficient density after one year. The remaining patients exhibited satisfactory hair growth, with natural mustache shape and direction. The graft survival rate was approximately 80%, and donor site scarring was minimal.Conclusion:When performing hair transplantation to treat post-cleft lip repair moustache defects, the design should prioritize the morphological and tissue characteristics of the upper lip, followed by consideration of overall position and bilateral symmetry of the moustache. Only by fully considering the characteristics of the recipient area can optimally repair outcomes be achieved.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective:To explore the effect of scalp electroacupuncture (EA) on central pain sensitization in rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:Thirty-two 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group, an electroacupuncture (EA) group and a sham EA group, each of 8. All of the rats except those in the control group had KOA induced through intra-articular monosodium iodoacetate injections in the right knee. Two weeks later the EA group rats began receiving daily head EA sessions 6 days/week for 2 weeks. The sham EA group received identical but non-therapeutic stimulation. The blank control and model groups received no EA intervention. Before the modelling and 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days later, all of the rats completed bipedal balance pain tests and mechanical allodynia evaluations. After the testing on day 28, all of the rats were euthanized for molecular analyses. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) in both the periaqueductal gray (PAG) matter and spinal dorsal horns (SDHs). Serum levels of substance P (SP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were also quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results:Three days after successful modeling, the average weight-bearing capacity of the right hind limb in the model, sham EA and EA groups was significantly lower than that of the blank controls. It reached its lowest level on the 14th day after modeling. Concurrently, the pain responses in those three groups were significantly higher than among the controls, also peaking on the 14th day after modeling. After two weeks of electroacupuncture, the electroacupuncture group showed significant improvement in both right hind limb weight-bearing capacity and pain response compared to the model group. Meanwhile, the levels of BDNF and TrkB protein in the periaqueductal gray matter were significantly higher in the model group than among the blank controls, while the electroacupuncture group exhibited significantly reduced expression of BDNF and TrkB proteins compared to the model group, along with significantly increased CB1R protein expression. The model group showed significantly elevated expression of both BDNF and TrkB proteins in the spinal dorsal horn compared to the blank control group, while there were significant differences between the EA and model groups in the expression of BDNF, TrkB and CB1R proteins. Immunohistochemical analysis on day 28 revealed that the EA group had significantly fewer BDNF- and TrkB-positive cells in the PAG compared to the model group, with significantly more CB1R-positive cells. In the SDH, the model group exhibited significantly increased numbers of BDNF- and TrkB-positive cells compared to the blank control group, whereas significant differences were found between the EA and blank control groups in the numbers of BDNF-, TrkB- and CB1R-positive cells. Serum analysis on day 28 demonstrated that substance P and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the model, sham EA and EA groups were significantly higher than in the blank control group, on average. However, no significant differences were observed in serum SP and 5-HT levels between the EA and model groups.Conclusions:Scalp EA significantly alleviates central pain sensitization in KOA, at least in rats, potentially by suppressing BDNF and TrkB expression while upregulating CB1R expression in the PAG matter and the SDH.