OBJECTIVE To investigate the application status of prescription pre-review systems in healthcare institutions of Yunnan province， evaluate their system functions and management capabilities， and provide a practical basis for promoting rational drug use. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among public healthcare institutions at or above the secondary level in Yunnan province to investigate the deployment status of the systems. A capability maturity assessment framework was constructed， encompassing 6 dimensions and 39 indicators， including real-time prescription review， prescription correlation review， rule setting， evidence-based information support， prescription authority management， and system operation management. This framework was then used to evaluate the institutions that had implemented the pre-review systems. RESULTS A total of 100 valid questionnaires were collected， with 37 institutions having adopted prescription pre-review systems， mainly tertiary hospitals. The system predominantly adopted a modular architecture and was embedded into the hospital information system through application programming interfaces and middleware， providing certain capabilities for real-time prescription risk identification. Evaluation results indicated that basic functions such as reviewing indications， contraindications， and drug compatibility performed well， while deficiencies remained in functions related to parenteral nutrition prescription， review of drug dosage for specific diseases， individual patient characteristic recognition， and rule setting. Moreover， the construction of review centers and establishment of management systems were also not well-developed. CONCLUSIONS The overall application rate of prescription pre-review systems in Yunnan province remains low. System functions and management mechanisms require further improvement. It is recommended to enhance information infrastructure in lower-level institutions and explore regionally unified review models to promote standardized and intelligent development of prescription review practices.

ObjectiveTo explore the current situation of forensic ethics practice and education by designing a questionnaire on forensic ethics， with a view to exploring the path of forensic ethics education construction. MethodsA total of 667 valid questionnaires were collected using the online survey method， basically covering various regions across the country and all sub-specialties of forensic medicine. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the relevant data. ResultsMost practitioners had relevant ethical reflections in the process of forensic practice. 69.12% of the respondents indicated that they had studied the relevant rules， but approximately half stated that there were no corresponding ethical norms or standard operating manuals. The specific behaviors violating ethics in different units were diverse. 23.04% of the respondents reported that they had encountered unethical behaviors， but only 4.9% of them reported such violations. In terms of forensic ethics education， 87.75% of the respondents believed that there were issues with the current model of forensic ethics education. Meanwhile， the respondents showed a high degree of recognition for receiving forensic ethics education， with 84.15% of respondents expressing willingness to participate in relevant courses. More than half of respondents were willing to participate in forensic ethics education during undergraduate studies， new employee training， and regular post-employment training. ConclusionCurrently， there is a problem of ethical neglect in forensic work in China. Combining ethics courses with professional courses at the practitioner training stage and providing regular training at the practice stage are effective measures to popularize forensic ethics knowledge， enhance ethical awareness， and improve the quality of practice.

Multidrug resistant organism refers to bacteria that are insensitive to three or more antibiotics commonly used in clinic, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter Baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, etc. MDRO infection is a major factor affecting the survival rate after lung transplantation (LTx), accounting for 30% of the causes of death in the first year after transplantation. Antibiotic treatment has low specificity and is prone to drug resistance. The development of new drugs has a long cycle and high cost, with significant limitations. Phage has high specificity for bacteria, which can proliferate in large quantities in the infected lesion and co-evolve with bacteria during the action process. Phage also have a good killing effect on MDRO, which is expected to make up for the deficiencies of existing antibiotic therapy. This article reviews the development background and mechanism of action of phage therapy, and summarizes its application status and early clinical trial results in the field of LTx, in order to providing new thinking paths for clinical work.

Objective: To analyze the incidence of statutory and keymonitored infectious diseases among school students in Beijing from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide a reference for developing the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools. Methods: A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on student cases aged 6-22 years in Beijing from 2016 to 2020 selected from the China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System. Rate comparisons were performed using the 2 test and trend 2 test. Results: From 2016 to 2020, the overall incidence of statutory and keymonitored infectious diseases among students in Beijing showed an upward trend (χ2trend=582.42), the incidence rates of Category B and other infectious diseases exhibited a downward trend (χ2trend=82.71, 18.34), while Category C infectious diseases demonstrated a significant upward trend (χ2trend=911.75) (P<0.01). Among Category B infectious diseases, scarlet fever, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS were predominant, with annual average incidence rates of 61.33/100 000, 35.38/100 000, 13.88/100 000, and 3.78/100 000, respectively. Except for HIV/AIDS, the reported incidence rates of other infectious diseases showed a declining trend. Among Category C infectious diseases, influenza, other infectious diarrhea, hand-foot-mouth disease, and mumps were predominant, with annual average incidence rates of 956.13/100 000, 114.39/100 000, 111.37/100 000, and 28.24/100 000, respectively. Influenza showed a significant upward trend (χ2trend=1 508.30), while the other infectious diarrhea, hand-foot-mouth disease, and mumps exhibited a downward trend (χ2trend=13.84, 25.78, 6.13) (P<0.05). Among other infectious diseases, varicella was predominant (χ2trend=17.47, P<0.05). Scarlet fever, influenza, hand-foot-mouth disease, and mumps had higher incidence rates among primary and middle school students; other infectious diarrhea and varicella were more prevalent among high school students; tuberculosis and bacillary dysentery were more common among high school and college students; and HIV/AIDS had higher incidence rates among college and high school students. Conclusion From 2016 to 2020, the incidence of Category B infectious diseases among students in Beijing showed a declining trend, while influenza, a Category C infectious disease, exhibited a significant upward trend.

Objective: To analyze CD36 gene by PacBio Sequel Ⅱ the third-generation sequencing technology (TGS), including non-coding sequence, and to investigate the molecular mechanism of CD36 deficiency. Methods: Flow cytometry was performed in the southern Chinese population to detect the CD36 phenotype. Among them, 15 cases of CD36 type I deficiency, 15 cases of CD36 type Ⅱ deficiency, and 10 positive samples were selected. The TGS of the CD36 gene was performed and statistical analysis was conducted. Results: 40 samples (including 15 cases of type I deficiency, 15 cases of type Ⅱ deficiency, and 10 positive samples) were subjected by TGS of CD36 full-length sequences (except part of intron1). A total of 180 polymorphic loci were identified. Among them, 13 kinds were in the coding region, the rest were in non-coding region, with most mutations located in regulatory regions such as the 5′-UTR and 3′-UTR. Conclusion: The high polymorphism of CD36 non-coding regions, particularly in regulatory sequences, provides mechanistic insights into type Ⅱ CD36 deficiency.

Objective: To investigate the levels of knowledge and skills in infectious diseases among school doctors and health teachers in Beijing s primary and secondary schools in 2023, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide a reference basis for enhancing the professional competencies of school doctors and health teachers. Methods: From October to November 2023, a census method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among all school doctors and health teachers in 16 districts of Beijing. Chi-square tests and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used perform statistical analysis. Results: The awareness rate of infectious diseaserelated knowledge among school doctors and health teachers in primary and secondary schools in Beijing in 2023 ranged from 34.44 % to 98.57%, while the behavior formation rate ranged from 65.90% to 98.64%. The proportions of those with literacy in infectious disease knowledge and behavior among school doctors and health teachers were 82.76% and 85.70%, respectively. Multivariate Logistics regression analysis showed that being a full-time employee, having a bachelor s degree or above, and holding a senior professional title were positively correlated with having literacy in infectious disease knowledge ( OR =1.76, 2.57, 1.42 , P <0.01). Compared to medical professionals, those in education and other professions were negatively correlated with having literacy in infectious disease knowledge ( OR =0.37, 0.55, P <0.01). Being a full-time employee, being female, and age were positively correlated with having literacy in infectious disease behavior ( OR =1.66, 2.18, 1.02, P <0.01). Conclusions The level of health literacy for infectious diseases among school doctors in Beijing primary and secondary schools is relatively high. Targeted training on key professional knowledge and skills should be prioritized for individuals with deficiencies in infectious disease prevention and control.

Background: and Purpose Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute posterior circulation tandem lesion (PCTL). This study aimed to explore the role of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with PCTL stroke undergoing EVT. Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from the BASILAR (EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) and PERSIST (Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke) registries. Patients with PCTLs who underwent EVT were included in the present cohort and divided into the stenting and nonstenting groups based on the placement of extracranial VA stents. The primary efficacy outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and 1 year. Safety outcomes included 24-hour symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year post-surgery. Results: A combined dataset of 1,320 patients with posterior circulation artery occlusion, including 263 (19.9%) with tandem lesions, of whom 217 (median age, 65 years; 82.9% male) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The stenting group had 84 (38.7%) patients, while the non-stenting group had 133 (61.3%). After adjustment for the potential confounders, extracranial VA stenting was associated with favorable shifts in mRS scores at both 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–4.28; P<0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI [1.05–3.97]; P=0.04), along with lower rate of mortality at both 90 days (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI [0.21–0.93]; P=0.01) and 1 year (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI [0.16–0.79]; P=0.01), with no significant difference in sICH incidence (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI [0.06–1.98]; P=0.24). Conclusion Extracranial VA stenting during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with PCTL strokes.

Background: and Purpose Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute posterior circulation tandem lesion (PCTL). This study aimed to explore the role of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with PCTL stroke undergoing EVT. Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from the BASILAR (EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) and PERSIST (Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke) registries. Patients with PCTLs who underwent EVT were included in the present cohort and divided into the stenting and nonstenting groups based on the placement of extracranial VA stents. The primary efficacy outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and 1 year. Safety outcomes included 24-hour symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year post-surgery. Results: A combined dataset of 1,320 patients with posterior circulation artery occlusion, including 263 (19.9%) with tandem lesions, of whom 217 (median age, 65 years; 82.9% male) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The stenting group had 84 (38.7%) patients, while the non-stenting group had 133 (61.3%). After adjustment for the potential confounders, extracranial VA stenting was associated with favorable shifts in mRS scores at both 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–4.28; P<0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI [1.05–3.97]; P=0.04), along with lower rate of mortality at both 90 days (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI [0.21–0.93]; P=0.01) and 1 year (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI [0.16–0.79]; P=0.01), with no significant difference in sICH incidence (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI [0.06–1.98]; P=0.24). Conclusion Extracranial VA stenting during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with PCTL strokes.

Background: and Purpose Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute posterior circulation tandem lesion (PCTL). This study aimed to explore the role of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with PCTL stroke undergoing EVT. Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from the BASILAR (EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) and PERSIST (Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke) registries. Patients with PCTLs who underwent EVT were included in the present cohort and divided into the stenting and nonstenting groups based on the placement of extracranial VA stents. The primary efficacy outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and 1 year. Safety outcomes included 24-hour symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year post-surgery. Results: A combined dataset of 1,320 patients with posterior circulation artery occlusion, including 263 (19.9%) with tandem lesions, of whom 217 (median age, 65 years; 82.9% male) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The stenting group had 84 (38.7%) patients, while the non-stenting group had 133 (61.3%). After adjustment for the potential confounders, extracranial VA stenting was associated with favorable shifts in mRS scores at both 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–4.28; P<0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI [1.05–3.97]; P=0.04), along with lower rate of mortality at both 90 days (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI [0.21–0.93]; P=0.01) and 1 year (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI [0.16–0.79]; P=0.01), with no significant difference in sICH incidence (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI [0.06–1.98]; P=0.24). Conclusion Extracranial VA stenting during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with PCTL strokes.

Objective To identify and analyze risk factors for acute renal failure (ARF) following lung transplantation and to develop a predictive model. Methods Data for this study were obtained from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database, encompassing patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral lung transplantation between 2015 and 2022. We analyzed both preoperative and postoperative clinical characteristics of the patients. A combined approach utilizing random forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was employed to identify key factors associated with the incidence of ARF post-transplantation, based on which a nomogram model was developed. The predictive performance of the constructed model was evaluated in both training and validation sets, using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) metrics to verify and compare model effectiveness. Results A total of 15 110 lung transplantation patients were included in the study, consisting of6 041 males and 9 069 females, with a median age of 62.00 years (interquartile range: 54.00 to 67.00). The analysis revealed statistically significant differences between postoperative renal dialysis and non-dialysis patients regarding preoperative lung diagnosis, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), mechanical ventilation, preoperative ICU treatment, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, infections occurring within two weeks prior to transplantation, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, waitlist duration, double-lung transplantation, and ischemia time (P<0.05). Five key variables associated with ARF after lung transplantation were identified through random forest and LASSO regression: recipients’ eGFR, preoperative ICU treatment, ECMO support, bilateral lung transplantation, and ischemia time. A nomogram model was subsequently established. Model evaluation demonstrated that the constructed predictive model achieved high accuracy in both training and validation sets, with favorable AUC values, confirming its validity and reliability. Conclusion This study identifies common risk factors for ARF following lung transplantation and introduces an effective predictive model with potential clinical applications.