Hepatitis B virus （HBV） exclusively infects liver parenchymal cells and forms covalently closed circular DNA （cccDNA） within their nuclei. HBV cccDNA serves as the essential template for viral gene transcription， the sole source of progeny virus production， and the key driver of viral antigen expression， and it is the molecular basis for the persistence of HBV infection. Therefore， elimination and/or functional silencing of cccDNA is the key to eradicate chronic HBV infection. This article discusses the critical scientific issues that need to be solved during elimination of the harm of HBV infection from the perspectives of the synthesis， transcription， and clearance of cccDNA， as well as the impact of nonparenchymal cells on cccDNA， in order to provide a reference for eradicating HBV infection in the future.

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rates globally. Current treatment methods for lung cancer primarily include surgery， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy. However， the main limitations of these treatments are their side effects， the drug resistance， and the economic burden they impose. As a critical cancer pathway， the Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathway regulates tumor occurrence and development through multiple mechanisms by influencing various downstream targets. Consequently， the JAK/STAT signaling pathway offers a promising avenue for lung cancer treatment research. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a key role in the proliferation and growth of lung cancer cells， angiogenesis， epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）， metabolic alterations， remodeling of the immune microenvironment， and the development of treatment resistance. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has garnered increasing attention due to its minimal side effects， low economic burden， and its potential to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity when used in conjunction with Western medicine. In addition to traditional Chinese medicine compounds， a growing number of Chinese medicine monomers have come into the spotlight because of their more targeted effects. Numerous studies investigating the regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by TCM in the treatment of lung cancer have demonstrated that TCM can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells， tumor angiogenesis， and EMT， improve the inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironments， and enhance treatment sensitivity by intervening in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway， thereby impeding the progression of lung cancer. In recent years， the research on the regulation of this pathway by TCM in the treatment of lung cancer has been updated rapidly. However， the summary of these studies has not been updated in time. This review summarizes and reflects on the recent research findings regarding the regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by TCM to intervene in lung cancer from three aspects， introducing the JAK/STAT pathway， elaborating the mechanism of this pathway in lung cancer， and exploring the intervention of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer through this pathway， to provide more reference for the treatment of lung cancer in the future.

With the vigorous development of computers and internet, the construction of the information management system for Occupational Health Technical Service (OHTS) institutions in China has achieved impressive progress. But for the management of OHTS institutions, there are relatively few systems that can fully explore and utilize OHTS information. Base on this background, in light of the actual situation of the OHTS institution in Henan Province, an OHTS Information Management System was developed under the Java Spring Boot framework, with a MySQL database and a B/S multi-tier architecture. The platform integrates a vertical three-level network of ″provincial-municipal-county/district″ and a horizontal network involving health commissions, disease prevention and control bureaus, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (occupational disease prevention and treatment institutes), and OHTS institutions. The system includes five core modules: dynamic management of institutional and personnel qualifications, full-process project supervision (including five categories of technical services such as pre-evaluation and control-effectiveness evaluation), multidimensional decision analysis (including eight statistical indicators of institutional distribution, equipment allocation, and occupational hazard factors), rapid generation and automated submission of various reports, and early warning and intelligent supervision. The system has been implemented in 61 OHTS institutions in Henan Province, improving the ″off-site supervision rate″ of supervision department and promoting the standardization and digital transformation of occupational health services.

Objective To establish two golden hamster models infected with hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae via aerosolized intratracheal(i.t.)and intranasal(i.n.)inoculation,and compare their properties.Methods Golden hamsters of 4 to 5 weeks old were exposed to K.pneumoniae NTUH-K2044 via i.t.route and i.n.route respectively.The survival of these golden hamsters was observed and recorded within 14 days of infection before the 50%lethal dose(LD50),survival rate,bacterial respiratory deposition rate,lung bacterial load and histopathology of the infected golden hamsters in the two groups were detected.Results The LD50 of the i.t.route(3×104 CFU)was lower than that of the i.n.route(7×105 CFU)in golden hamsters.After 4×106 CFU NTUH-K2044 infection,the golden hamsters in the i.t.group had 96.46%of the bacteria deposited and colonized in the lung,developed lobar pneumonia and died without exception within 4 days of infection,while those in the i.n.group had 95.62%of the bacteria deposited in the mouth and nose initially before the bacteria moved down to the trachea for colonization and were cleared out gradually.This group mainly acquired bronchopneumonia with relatively mild lung lesions,with a 14-day survival rate of 70%.Conclusion Inoculation routes can make a difference to the disease type of respiratory tract infections in animal models.The i.t.route mainly causes lobar pneumonia with severe lung lesions,while the i.n.route leads to bronchopneumonia with mild lung lesions.The two animal models established above may be utilized for pathogenesis investigation and treatment efficacy evaluation of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

During the process of dairy farming,various factors such as physical injury and bacterial infection act upon body tissues or organs,leading to the disruption of skin or mucous tissue integ-rity and subsequent tissue injury and trauma.The healing of these injuries is a complex process that necessitates the coordinated efforts of different cells and involvement of diverse cytokines.A-mong them,the interaction between macrophages and myofibroblasts is indispensable for efficient tissue repair.Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),a pattern recognition receptor in the innate im-mune system,may play a regulatory role in modulating this intricate process.In this study,cow myofibroblasts and M1 type bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured in vitro,followed by collection of cell culture supernatant for co-culture analysis.Both cytokine secretion levels in M1 type bone marrow-derived macrophages as well as expression patterns levels of myofibroblast growth factor protein and mRNA were detected.The regulatory mechanism underlying NLRP3 in-volvement in mediating interactions between these two cell types was investigated using NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950.The results showed that an effective method for culturing cow muscle fibroblasts in vitro was successfully established and myofibroblast conditioned medium(MFbCM)could regulate M1 macrophage secretion profiles.Moreover,M1 macrophage conditioned medium(M1?CM)was found to influence myofibroblast growth factor expression levels.Our findings sug-gest that NLRP3 plays a significant regulatory role during crosstalk between myofibroblasts and M1-type pro-inflammatory macrophages.

Objective:To establish a prediction model for symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (SRP) after radiotherapy for thoracic cancer based on a longitudinal cohort and dose interval variations.Methods:Clinical data of 587 patients who received thoracic radiotherapy in Department of Radiotherapy of Yunnan Cancer Hospital from July 2022 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The National Cancer Institute common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) version 5.0 was used to grade radiation pneumonitis, and clinical factors, traditional independent dosimetric characteristics and dose interval variation characteristics were collected. Features used to predict the occurrence of SRP were screened using genetic algorithms and analyzed the correlation between the selected features and SRP occurrence. Predictive models for SRP occurrence were established using the selected features and evaluated, and the optimal predictive model was visualized using a column chart.Results:The incidence of SRP was 35.94%. Five clinical factors, seven independent dosimetric features and six dose interval variation features were screened out by genetic algorithms to effectively predict the occurrence of SRP. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of clinical factors combined with traditional independent dosimetric factors and dose interval variation factors was 76%. The AUC of clinical factors combined with traditional independent dosimetric factors and that of clinical factors combined with dose interval variation factors was 69% and 67%, respectively. The addition of the characteristics of dose interval variation factors significantly improved the effectiveness of the prediction model.Conclusions:The supplement of the characteristics of dose interval variation factors can significantly improve the performance of the SRP prediction model for thoracic tumors after radiotherapy. The SRP prediction model based on dose interval variations can effectively predict the occurrence of SRP.

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of zinc donor regulating macrophage polarization, and to explore the correlation between serum zinc content and the clinical index during radical resection of lung cancer.Methods:One hundred and thirty-two patients who undergoing radical resection of lung cancer were enrolled in this study. The serum zinc content was detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry before operation. The patients were allocated into high-Zn group and low-Zn group. The blood samples of the included subjects were collected before operation (before), immediately after operation (POP1) and 6 hours after operation (POP2), and the plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and catalase were detected. The correlation between serum zinc content and clinical features were analyzed. Metrological statistics was performed by using t test or Mann- Whitney test, and counting statistics was performed by χ2 test. Results:The POP1-hs-CRP[(1.69±0.66)mg/L vs. (1.99±0.43)mg/L, POP2-hs-CRP[(3.51±1.01)mg/L vs. (4.59±0.78)mg/L] and other indicators of high-Zn group were significantly lower than those of low-Zn group.Conclusion:There is a negative correlation between serum zinc content and the inflammation during radical resection of lung cancer, suggesting that appropriate zinc supplementation has a protective effect on radical resection of lung cancer patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and quality of ultrasound-based (BUS) process optimization in breast cancer screening.Methods:The program collected the first to fourth quarterly breast cancer screening statistic data and case report data from 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in 2015 by the online report system of national key service program of women and children′s public health. The call rate, mammography (MG) subsequent screen rate, biopsy rate, detection rate, early diagnosis rate, carcinoma in situ rate, missing detection rate, false positive rate and positive predictive value (PPV) of breast cancer were calculated.Results:A total of 1 501 753 rural women attended the BUS process optimization screening. The nationwide recall rate was 3.01%(45 156/1 501 753), and in the eastern and central area were 3.41%(17 173/503 130) and 3.56%(14 499/407 739), respectively, higher than 2.28% (13 484/590 884) of western area ( P<0.05). The nationwide MG subsequent screen rate was 2.78%(41 694/1 501 753), and in the eastern and central area were 3.19%(16 036/503 130) and 3.29% (13 421/407 739), respectively, higher than 2.07%(12 237/590 884) of western area ( P<0.05). The nationwide biopsy rate was 0.23%(3 462/1 501 753), and in the central area were 0.26%(1 078/407 739), respectively, higher than 0.21%(1 247/590 884) of western area and 0.23% (1 137/503 130) of eastern area ( P<0.05). The nationwide biopsy PPV was 37.00%(1 281/3 462). The biopsy PPV of eastern area was (34.30%, 390/1 137), lower than 39.33% (424/1 078) of central area ( P<0.05). A total of 1 281 cases of breast cancer were detected, the detection rate was 0.85‰(1 281/1 501 753), and the detection rates of central area was 1.04‰ (424/407 739), higher than 0.79‰(467/590 884) of western area and 0.78‰(390/503 130) of eastern area ( P<0.05). The BUS initiate screening positive rate from detected breast cancer cases was 96.96%(1 242/1 281), the MG subsequent screening positive rate was 2.42%(31/1 281). The nationwide early diagnosis rate was 85.25%(1 092/1 281), and in the eastern and central areas were 87.95%(343/390) and 88.21%(374/424), higher than 80.30%(375/467) of western area ( P<0.05). The screening rate of on or above stage Ⅱ breast cancer in eastern area was 55.64%(217/390), lower than 64.62%(374/424) of central area and 62.31%(291/467) of western area. The missing detection rate was 0.62%(8/1 281) and false positive rate was 1.20%(17 528/1 464 149). Conclusions:The BUS process optimization of breast cancer screening scheme is reasonable and applicable to China rural women. The effectiveness and quality of eastern area are superior to those of central and western area.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and quality of ultrasound-based (BUS) process optimization in breast cancer screening.Methods:The program collected the first to fourth quarterly breast cancer screening statistic data and case report data from 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in 2015 by the online report system of national key service program of women and children′s public health. The call rate, mammography (MG) subsequent screen rate, biopsy rate, detection rate, early diagnosis rate, carcinoma in situ rate, missing detection rate, false positive rate and positive predictive value (PPV) of breast cancer were calculated.Results:A total of 1 501 753 rural women attended the BUS process optimization screening. The nationwide recall rate was 3.01%(45 156/1 501 753), and in the eastern and central area were 3.41%(17 173/503 130) and 3.56%(14 499/407 739), respectively, higher than 2.28% (13 484/590 884) of western area ( P<0.05). The nationwide MG subsequent screen rate was 2.78%(41 694/1 501 753), and in the eastern and central area were 3.19%(16 036/503 130) and 3.29% (13 421/407 739), respectively, higher than 2.07%(12 237/590 884) of western area ( P<0.05). The nationwide biopsy rate was 0.23%(3 462/1 501 753), and in the central area were 0.26%(1 078/407 739), respectively, higher than 0.21%(1 247/590 884) of western area and 0.23% (1 137/503 130) of eastern area ( P<0.05). The nationwide biopsy PPV was 37.00%(1 281/3 462). The biopsy PPV of eastern area was (34.30%, 390/1 137), lower than 39.33% (424/1 078) of central area ( P<0.05). A total of 1 281 cases of breast cancer were detected, the detection rate was 0.85‰(1 281/1 501 753), and the detection rates of central area was 1.04‰ (424/407 739), higher than 0.79‰(467/590 884) of western area and 0.78‰(390/503 130) of eastern area ( P<0.05). The BUS initiate screening positive rate from detected breast cancer cases was 96.96%(1 242/1 281), the MG subsequent screening positive rate was 2.42%(31/1 281). The nationwide early diagnosis rate was 85.25%(1 092/1 281), and in the eastern and central areas were 87.95%(343/390) and 88.21%(374/424), higher than 80.30%(375/467) of western area ( P<0.05). The screening rate of on or above stage Ⅱ breast cancer in eastern area was 55.64%(217/390), lower than 64.62%(374/424) of central area and 62.31%(291/467) of western area. The missing detection rate was 0.62%(8/1 281) and false positive rate was 1.20%(17 528/1 464 149). Conclusions:The BUS process optimization of breast cancer screening scheme is reasonable and applicable to China rural women. The effectiveness and quality of eastern area are superior to those of central and western area.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intraluminal implantation of 125I seeds strand combined with stent placement in treating malignant biliary obstruction. Methods During the period from June 2009 to June 2013, a total of 68 patients with malignant biliary obstruction were admitted to Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital. Interventional management was carried out in all patients. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 68 patients, intraluminal implantation of 125I seeds strand combined with simultaneous stent placement was performed in 41 (combination therapy group) and only stent placement was employed in 27 (conventional therapy group). The survival time, the improvement of obstructive jaundice, recurrence of jaundice and procedure-related adverse events were recorded, and the results were compared between the two groups. Results Implantation of 125I seeds strand and stent placement were successfully accomplished in all patients. Statistically significant differences in serum bilirubin levels, which were separately determined at 7 days and 14 days after the treatment, existed between the two groups (P<0.05). No obvious marrow depression was observed in the combination therapy group. The median survival time of the conventional therapy group and the combination therapy group was 123 days and 215 days respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion For the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction, combination use of intraluminal brachytherapy and stent placement is clinically more safe and effective than conventional pure stent placement therapy.