The liver regenerative capacity is crucial for patients with end-stage liver disease following partial hepatectomy (PHx). The specific bacteria and mechanisms regulating liver regeneration post-PHx remain unclear. This study demonstrated dynamic changes in the abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis) post-PHx, correlating with hepatocyte proliferation. Treatment with live P. distasonis significantly promoted hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration after PHx. Targeted metabolomics revealed a significant positive correlation between P. distasonis and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), as well as hyodeoxycholic acid and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the gut after PHx. Notably, treatment with BHB, but not hyodeoxycholic acid or 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, significantly promoted hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in mice after PHx. Moreover, STAT3 inhibitor Stattic attenuated the promotive effects of BHB on cell proliferation and liver regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, P. distasonis upregulated the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related proteins, and increased BHB levels in the liver, and then BHB activated the STAT3 signaling pathway to promote liver regeneration. This study, for the first time, identifies the involvement of P. distasonis and its associated metabolite BHB in promoting liver regeneration after PHx, providing new insights for considering P. distasonis and BHB as potential strategies for promoting hepatic regeneration.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory pathogens in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study, which encompassed 19 core units of the clinical pathogen network and established a three-tiered clinical pathogen surveillance system. Thirty respiratory samples were collected every two weeks from various units from January to December 2024, and the clinical and pathogen diagnostic information were gathered. A total of 11 864 samples were tested using this system. The tier-1 clinical pathogen surveillance system covered influenza A virus (Flu-A), influenza B virus (Flu-B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The tier-2 clinical pathogen surveillance system focused on 18 key respiratory pathogens. The tier-3 clinical pathogen surveillance system further clarified whether any emerging infectious diseases had occurred.Results:The tier-1 clinical pathogen surveillance system showed Flu-A predominated in December, Flu-B predominated in January, SARS-CoV-2 peaked in March and August, whereas RSV circulated sporadically throughout the year. Geographic trends were broadly consistent across the seven major regions, although Flu-A detection in December was notably higher in Northeast China (48.1%(111/231)) and East China (36.2%(148/409)), and RSV detection was concentrated in the Northwest and South China from January to March. Data from the tier-2 clinical pathogen surveillance system indicated that Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinovirus, and adenovirus were detected year-round, of these, Streptococcus pneumoniae and rhinovirus showed elevated positive detection rates from August to September, while adenovirus peaked in January. Legionella pneumophila was not detected throughout the year, and other pathogens fluctuated throughout the year without a consistent pattern. The predominant etiologic agents of pediatric pneumonia were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (35.0%(105/300)), rhinovirus (25.7%(77/300)), and adenovirus (17.3%(52/300)), whereas adult pneumonia was mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.5%(29/277)), Staphylococcus aureus (6.9%(19/277)), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (6.9%(19/277)), and Flu-A (6.1%(17/277)). The tier-3 clinical pathogen surveillance system did not identify any emerging respiratory pathogens. Conclusion:Respiratory pathogens in China in 2024 exhibit distinct temporal and spatial distribution patterns and vary among different populations.

Stereotactic radiotherapy is widely favored because of its high treatment precision and less fractionations.ZND-A is a new domestic gamma-ray cone-beam focused stereotactic radiotherapy system.Herein the technical characteristics of ZND-A system are described in detail from the aspects of the treatment frame,gamma-ray module,collimator module,six-dimensional treatment couch module and image-guided system module,and the main parameters are compared with the mainstream gamma knife equipments at home and abroad.With reference to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST 1.1),the initial efficacy of the patients treated by the ZND-A system is analyzed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the ZND-A system for providing a reference for the hospital clinical use of this type of gamma knife.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Zhuyu Tongluo Tang combined with manual release on isokinetic muscle strength and serum TGF-β1 and IGF-1 levels in patients with joint stiffness after ankle fracture surgery.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 80 patients with ankle fractures who experienced joint stiffness during the recovery period after surgery at Nanchang Hongdu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2021 to March 2024.The patients were randomly divided into control group(n=40)and observation group(n=40)using a random number table method.Both groups of patients received routine intervention,followed by manual release therapy in control group;observation group received treatment in combination with Zhuyu Tongluo Tang on the basis of control group,with a treatment course of 4 weeks.Compared treatment outcomes,isokinetic muscle strength test indicators,American Orthopaedic of Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS),ankle activity score(AAS),visual analog scale(VAS),traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score,and changes in dorsiflexion angle from two groups of patients before and after 4 weeks of treatment,and measured serum levels of TGF-β1 and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1).Results:After treatment,effective rate of control group was 75.00%,while effective rate of observation group was 92.50%(P<0.05);PT,PT/BW and TW of observation group and control group were significantly increased,and PT,PT/BW and TW of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group(all P<0.05);AOFAS and AAS scores of observation group and control group were significantly increased,while VAS score was significantly decreased.AOFAS and AAS scores of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group,while VAS score was significantly lower than those of control group(both P<0.05);scores and total scores of various traditional Chinese medicine symptoms in observation group and control group were significantly reduced,and observation group was significantly lower than that in control group(both P<0.05);dorsiflexion angle of the foot in both observation group and control group were significantly increased,and the increase in observation group was greater than that in control group(both P<0.05);levels of TGF-β1 and IGF-1 in both obser-vation group and control group were significantly increased,and levels of TGF-β1 and IGF-1 in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(both P<0.05).Conclusion:Combination of Zhuyu Tongluo Tang and manual release can improve the symptoms of joint stiffness and traditional Chinese medicine syndromes during the recovery period of ankle fractures,increase the functional score and isokinetic muscle strength index of the ankle joint,raise the levels of TGF-β1 and IGF-1,and improve the patient's dorsiflexion angle.This treatment regimen has good clinical efficacy.

Objective To quantitatively assess the correlation between the skeletal muscle index(SMI)of patients and the occur-rence of anastomotic leakage(AL)in rectal cancer patients after surgery,and to analyze the risk factors for AL in rectal cancer patients and the influencing factors of sarcopenia.Methods The clinical,pathological,and related imaging data of 362 patients who under-went radical surgery for rectal cancer were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent pelvic MRI and abdominal CT scans(plain/enhanced)within one month before surgery,and the third lumbar vertebra skeletal muscle area(L3-SMA)was measured from the images.All patients were divided into AL group(56 cases)and control group(306 cases)based on the presence or absence of postoperative complications.The differences in clinical characteristics and imaging parameters between the two groups were analyzed.A logistic risk prediction model was established.Results Significant differences were observed between the two groups in sarcopenia,type of surgery,surgical approach,serum albumin level,operation duration,stoma type,and extramural vascular invasion(EMVI)(P＜0.05).These factors were incorporated in a multivariate logistic regression analysis model,the area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of the model was 0.810[95％confidence interval(CI)0.743-0.876,P＜0.001],with a sensitivity of 0.865 and specificity of 0.669.Conclusion Sar-copenia is a significant risk factor for AL after rectal cancer surgery.It enhances the predictive efficacy for postoperative AL and serves as a basis for identifying high-risk populations for AL in clinical practice.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between antiretroviral drug efavirenz and anti-tuberculosis 1H3P3(isoniazid plus rifapentine)in people living with HIV.Methods HIV-positive individuals on efavirenz-containing(600 mg)antiretroviral therapy(ART)received 1H3P3 regimen containing rifapentine(450 mg)plus isoniazid(400 mg)3 times a week for 1 month.Efavirenz concentrations were measured at weeks 0,2,4,8.Rifapentine concentration was determined at weeks 2 and 4.HIV RNA load was determined at weeks 0 and 8.Treatment target was efavirenz concentration＞1 mg/L.The anti-TB prevention was considered acceptable if the target of efavirenz concentration was achieved in more than 80％of participants.The participants were followed up for 18 months to evaluate the efficacy of treatment.Results Thirty-one participants living with HIV were enrolled in the study.Two participants were excluded from PK analysis because his/her baseline efavirenz concentration＜1 mg/L,suggesting poor treatment adherence.Evaluable PK data were available for 29 participants,including 23(79.3％)males.The median[interquartile range(IQR)]age of the participants was 43.0(32.5,53.5)years.The median(IQR)efavirenz plasma concentration was 2.33(1.96,2.34)mg/L at week 0,2.32(1.90,3.28)mg/L at week 2,2.07(1.83,3.09)mg/L at week 4,and 2.71(2.14,3.33)mg/L at week 8.Efavirenz concentration did not show significant difference between the 4 time points(P＞0.05).Median(IQR)rifapentine concentration was 9.36(6.23,16.47)mg/L at week 2,and 9.36(6.41,15.56)mg/L at week 4.Rifapentine concentration did not show significant difference between week 2 and week 4(P＞0.05).Efavirenz concentrations was＞1 mg/L in all participants at weeks 2,4,and 8.Furthermore,efavirenz concentration was significantly higher in females and patients with body weight＜60 kg compared with males and those with body weight ≥60 kg(P＜0.05).None of the participants had symptoms or signs of active tuberculosis during 18-month follow-up.Conclusions Isoniazid plus rifapentine(1H3P3 regimen)did not have significant effect on the plasma concentrations of efavirenz.

Stereotactic radiotherapy is widely favored because of its high treatment precision and less fractionations.ZND-A is a new domestic gamma-ray cone-beam focused stereotactic radiotherapy system.Herein the technical characteristics of ZND-A system are described in detail from the aspects of the treatment frame,gamma-ray module,collimator module,six-dimensional treatment couch module and image-guided system module,and the main parameters are compared with the mainstream gamma knife equipments at home and abroad.With reference to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST 1.1),the initial efficacy of the patients treated by the ZND-A system is analyzed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the ZND-A system for providing a reference for the hospital clinical use of this type of gamma knife.