To summarize Professor DING Ying's clinical experience in treating children's IgA nephropathy from the perspective of "wind-induced water turbidity". It is believed that the core pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy in children is the wind stimμlating water to become turbidity， and the basic treatment principles are to eliminate wind and settle viscera， and to remove turbidity and drain water. For those with the syndrome of wind-heat invading the lungs and injury to blood collaterals， modified Yinqiao Powder （银翘散） combined with Xiaoji Decoction （小蓟饮子） could be used； for those with dampness-heat in Sanjiao， heavy dampness and light heat pattern， modified Sanren Decoction （三仁汤） combined with Bazheng Powder （八正散） could be used； for those with lung-spleen qi deficiency and kidney essence depletion pattern， modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction （补中益气汤） combined with Wuzi Yanzong Pill （五子衍宗丸） could be used； for those with deficiency of both qi and yin， kidney deficiency with stasis pattern， self-prescribed Yishen Huazhuo Formula （益肾化浊方） could be used. Meanwhile on the basis of pattern identification and treatment， rattan-type herbs could be combined in use in order to unblock the meridians and collaterals.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of Youngswick-Akin osteotomy in the treatment of moderate hallux valgus combined with mild to moderate hallux rigidus. METHODS: The clinical data of 43 patients with moderate hallux valgus combined with mild to moderate hallux rigidus who were admitted between August 2019 and August 2022 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 35 females. The age ranged from 28 to 77 years, with an average age of 59.0 years. The disease duration ranged from 10 to 35 months, with an average of 20 months. The degree of hallux rigidus included 2 cases of CoughlinⅠ degree, 29 cases of Ⅱ degree, 12 cases of Ⅲ degree. The preoperative hallux valgus angle ranged from 25° to 40°, with an average of 32°. All patients were treated with Youngswick-Akin osteotomy. The first metatarsophalangeal joint space was compared before operation and at 6 months after operation. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were used to evaluate the functional recovery and pain relief of the patients before operation and at 6 and 24 months after operation. According to the severity of hallux rigidus, the patients were divided into mild group (Ⅰ, Ⅱ degree) and moderate group (Ⅲ degree) to compare the prognosis, including the changes of AOFAS score, VAS score, and the first metatarsophalangeal joint space. RESULTS: The operation time was 60-75 minutes (mean, 65 minutes). The intraoperative blood loss was 10-30 mL (mean, 20 mL). Two cases had superficial infection of the incision margin after operation, and healed well after dressing change and antibiotic treatment. The incisions of the other patients healed by first intention, and no medial cutaneous nerve injury of the great toe occurred. All patients were followed up 24-31 months, with an average of 25.8 months. The patient's hallux valgus deformity was corrected without recurrence; no complication such as osteomyelitis and hallux varus occurred. The AOFAS score, VAS score, and the first metatarsophalangeal joint space after operation significantly improved when compared with those before operation, the AOFAS score and VAS score at 24 months after operation further improved when compared with those at 6 months after operation, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05). The change of VAS score in mild group was significantly better than that in moderate group ( P<0.05); but there was no significant difference in the changes of AOFAS score and the first metatarsophalangeal joint space between the two groups ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION Youngswick-Akin osteotomy for moderate valgus deformity with mild to moderate hallux rigidus can achieve good functional recovery, pain relief, and joint space improvement.
Humans ; Osteotomy/methods* ; Hallux Valgus/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Hallux Rigidus/diagnostic imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint/surgery*

Objective Cheng's Juanbi Decoction(CSJBD)is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating rheumatoid arthritis(RA),exhibiting significant clinical efficacy,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.We investigated whether CSJBD inhibited RA pathology by blocking the WTAP-Wnt7b-Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis using a collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)mouse model and fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLSs)derived from RA patients(RA FLSs)and examined the underlying mechanisms.Methods We conducted in vivo experiments.Male C57BL/6 mice weighing 17 to 20 g were used to establish the CIA model.The mice were assigned to 6 groups,including the normal group,the model(CIA)group,the model+CSJBD-L(8.1 g/kg)group,the model+CSJBD-M(16.2 g/kg)group,the model+CSJBD-H(32.4 g/kg)group,and the model+leflunomide(LEF)(0.05 mg/10 g)group,with 10 mice in each group.CSJBD was administered twice daily via gastric gavage,while LEF was administered once daily via gastric gavage,for a duration of 28 days.We also conducted in vitro experiments.RA FLSs were assigned to 4 groups,including the RA FLSs+CSJBDS-L group receiving 10%CSJBDS-containing serum,the RA FLSs+CSJBDS-M group receiving 15%CSJBDS-containing serum,the RA FLSs+CSJBDS-H group receiving 20%CSJBDS-containing serum,and the RA FLSs+NC group(negative control).To study whether WTAP regulated Wnt7b,RA FLSs were divided into the RA FLSs group,the RA FLSs+si-WTAP#3 group,the RA FLSs+si-WTAP#3+Wnt7b-OE group,and the RA FLSs+si-WTAP#3+Wnt7b-NC group.To study the underlying mechanism by which CSJBT affected RA FLSs,RA FLSs were divided into the RA FLSs group,the RA FLSs+CSJBDS-M group,the RA FLSs+CSJBDS-M+Wnt7b-OE group,and the RA FLSs+CSJBDS-M+NC group.We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)to identify and quantify key monomer compounds from CSJBD as quality criteria for CSJBD preparation.Bioinformatics,CCK-8,RT-qPCR,Western blot,immunofluorescence,and related methods were employed to assess the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of CSJBD in treating RA.Results According to the UPLC analysis,ferulic acid,osthole,mulberroside A,notopterol,and gentiopicroside were identified as quality control standards for the preparation of CSJBD formula.CSJBD improved RA pathology in CIA mice,reduced the levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in their serum,and decreased the expression of RA pathological genes MMP3 and fibronectin,with the difference between groups being statistically significant.Bioinformatics analysis suggested that CSJBD might inhibit RA pathology by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through Wnt7b.Experimental results showed that the expression of WTAP and Wnt7b was significantly increased in RA.After knocking down WTAP,the expression of Wnt7b was significantly reduced,and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was also inhibited,with the difference between groups being statistically significant(P<0.05),confirming that WTAP regulated the pathway via Wnt7b.According to experimental verification,CSJBD significantly inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the proliferation of RA FLSs.Wnt7b overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of CSJBD on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the proliferation of RA FLSs,indicating that Wnt7b is the direct target of CSJBD.Conclusion CSJBD inhibits RA pathology by blocking the WTAP-Wnt7b-Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis,with Wnt7b identified as a direct therapeutic target of CSJBD.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of picroside Ⅱ on the malignant progression of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. METHODS A549 cells were divided into the control group， picroside Ⅱ low-， medium- and high- concentration groups， K6PC-5 [sphingosine kinase 1 （SPHK1） activator] group， and picroside Ⅱ high-dose+K6PC-5 group. Cell proliferation， migration and invasion were detected. Besides， the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）， matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）， MMP-9， SPHK1， sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 （S1PR3） and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） protein in the cells were also observed. BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with A549 cell suspension to establish NSCLC xenograft models. Then they were assigned to the nude mouse-control group， nude mouse-picroside Ⅱ low-， medium- and high-dose groups， nude mouse-K6PC-5 group， and nude mouse-picroside Ⅱ high-dose+K6PC-5 group （with 5 mice in each group） to investigate the effect of picroside Ⅱ on their tumor mass and volume. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the OD450 values， EdU-positive cell rates， scratch healing rates， cell invasion number， and the relative expression levels of PCNA， MMP-2， MMP-9， SPHK1， S1PR3 and ERK1/2 protein in the low-， medium- and high-concentration groups of picroside Ⅱ were significantly decreased. Compared with the nude mouse-control group， the tumor mass and volume in the nude mouse-low-， medium- and high-dose groups of picroside Ⅱ were significantly decreased or shrunk. The changes of above indicators were concentration/dose-dependent （P＜0.05）. The changing trend of the corresponding indicators in the K6PC-5 ZYTS181） group and the nude mouse-K6PC-5 group was opposite （P＜0.05）. Compared with the picroside Ⅱ high-concentration group or the nude mice-picroside Ⅱ high-dose group， the above quantitative indicators in the picroside Ⅱ high- concentration+K6PC-5 group cells and the nude mouse-picroside Ⅱ high-dose+K6PC-5 group nude mice were significantly increased or enlarged （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Picroside Ⅱ may inhibit the malignant progression of NSCLC by inhibiting SPHK1/sphingosine-1-phosphate/S1PR3 signaling pathway.

Since 2021,the term"metaverse"has attracted wide attention and become an international hot word,meanwhile,the application of metaverse in the medical field has also attracted great attention.Because of its unique advantages such as the immersive environment,the integration of virtual-real space and the characteristics of super-high simulation,the metaverse have a broad application prospect in the medical field.At present,metaverse medicine has already been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases,psychological intervention,and innovative clinical teaching mode.With the increasing of innovations and applications of the technologies such as vascular interventional surgical robots,extended reality,3-D printing and others,the newly-developed metaverse medicine will be able to play an important role in facilitating interventional surgery and improving doctor training,although the application of metaverse medicine in endovascular interventional therapy is still in its developing stage now.It can be expected that with the gradual maturity of metaverse medicine,the remote-guided interventional surgeries,which can be accomplished with the help of technologies such as 5G,augmented reality(AR)and tactile internet,will become the normal work in medical practice,and,moreover,the simulation surgery training programs,which can be conducted with the help of technologies such as computer-assisted vascular intervention and virtual reality(VR),will also become the common pattern in medical teaching course.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,32:86-89)

【Objective】 To investigate the differences in efficacy and long-term prognosis between locally progressive low and intermediate rectal cancer patients receiving fluorouracil-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (mFOLFOX6/CapeOX) and neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and to compare the therapeutic efficacy in the two groups. 【Methods】 We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 118 patients with locally progressive low and intermediate rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy from January 2019 to December 2021 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and other clinicopathological parameters. The t-test, Mann Whitney test, chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the differences between the two groups of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in terms of short-term efficacy, lymph node manifestations and long-term prognosis, respectively. Survival rates were calculated and survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. 【Results】 In terms of efficacy, patients in the neoadjuvant radiotherapy group achieved better tumor regression (Z=-2.05, P=0.04) and solid tumor efficacy (Z=-2.42, P=0.015), but the difference between the two groups in terms of downstaging effect of clinical stage was not statistically significant. The number of lymph nodes detected was significantly lower in the neoadjuvant radiotherapy group (neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs. neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, 13.19±3.83 vs. 9.55±4.00, t=5.02, P<0.001), but the two groups did not differ significantly in the number of lymph node positives and lymph node positive ratio. In terms of long-term prognosis, there was no statistically significant difference in the overall survival rate or disease-free survival rate of the two groups. 【Conclusion】 Compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, neoadjuvant radiotherapy showed better short-term efficacy in patients with locally progressive low and intermediate rectal cancer, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment regimens in terms of long-term prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Currently,the dura mater is clinically repaired using autologous tissue or materials such as gelatin sponge,but all of them have their inherent defects.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a biomaterial that can promote dural repair. OBJECTIVE:The two-sided anisotropic electrospun membrane was constructed by using directional electrospinning technology and collagen self-assembly technology,and was used as a carrier for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to investigate various physicochemical properties and biological characteristics of the artificial dura mater. METHODS:Ordered polylactic acid electrospun fibers with double-sided(collagen protein on one side and polylactic acid on the other side)anisotropic electrospun membranes(collagen group),disordered polylactic acid electrospun membranes(disordered fiber group),and ordered oriented polylactic acid electrospun membranes(ordered fiber group)were prepared by electrospinning technique as well as collagen self-assembly technique.Scanning electron microscopy,mechanical stretching,water contact angle testing,and degradation experiments were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the electrospun membranes.Electrospun membranes in the collagen group(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on the collagen surface to obtain the stem cell-engineered electrospun membranes),disordered fiber group and ordered fiber group were cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.The biocompatibility of electrospun membranes was evaluated using CCK-8 assay and live/dead staining.Integrin β1 immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the adhesion characteristics of electrospun membranes.The stem cell-engineered electrospun membrane and the electrospun membrane in the collagen group were cocultured with bone marrow macrophages respectively.Immunomodulatory properties were assessed by detecting the expression of inflammation-related genes using inducible nitric oxide synthase(M1 type),CD206(M2 type)immunofluorescence staining,and qRT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The oriented electrospun fiber membrane could mimic the structure of the longitudinally aligned natural dura mater,and the addition of collagen increased the hydrophilicity of the fiber membrane by about 2-fold and the mechanical properties by 1.2-fold.(2)When cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,CCK-8 assay and live/dead staining suggested that the cellular bioactivity in the collagen group was significantly higher than that in the disordered fiber group and ordered fiber group.Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the expression of integrin β1 in the collagen group was about 2.6 times higher than that of the disordered and ordered fiber groups,and the cell spreading morphology was good.(3)When cocultured with bone marrow macrophages,immunofluorescence staining exhibited that the fluorescence intensity of M1 type macrophages in the stem cell-engineered electrospun membrane group was lower than that in the collagen group(P<0.01),and the fluorescence intensity of M2 type macrophages was higher than that in the collagen group(P<0.01).qRT-PCR demonstrated that proinflammatory gene tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β mRNA expression in the stem cell-engineered electrospun membrane group was lower than that of the collagen group(P<0.001);anti-inflammatory genes such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor β mRNA expressions were higher than those in the collagen group(P<0.001).(4)The above results suggest that the stem cell-engineered amphipathic artificial dura mimics the directional structure of normal dura,with the inner surface facilitating cell growth and adhesion and the outer edge avoiding tissue adhesion,while the polarization of macrophages to the M2 subtype is promoted and the local inflammatory microenvironment is regulated through the mesenchymal stem cell paracrine component.

Background Salidroside (SAL) has a protective effect on multiple organ systems. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in the atmosphere may lead to disruptions in gut microbiota and impact intestinal health. The regulatory effect of SAL on the gut microbiota of mice exposed to PM_2.5 requires further investigation. Objective To evaluate gut microbiota disruption in mice after being exposed to PM_2.5 and the potential effect of SAL. Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6 to 8 weeks, were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, an SAL group, a PM_2.5 group, and an SAL+PM_2.5 group, each containing 10 mice. In the SAL group and the SAL+PM_2.5 group, the mice were administered SAL (60 mg·kg⁻¹) by gavage, while in the control group and the PM_2.5 group, sterile saline (10 mL·kg⁻¹) was administered by gavage. In the PM_2.5 group and the SAL+PM_2.5 group, PM_2.5 suspension (8 mg·kg⁻¹) was intratracheally instilled, and in the control group and SAL group, sterile saline (1.5 mL·kg⁻¹) was intratracheally administered. Each experiment cycle spanned 2 d, with a total of 10 cycles conducted over 20 d. Histopathological changes in the ileum tissue of the mice were observed after HE staining. Colon contents were collected for gut microbiota sequencing and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) measurements. Results The PM_2.5 group showed infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ileum tissue, while the SAL+PM_2.5 group exhibited only a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared to the control group, the PM_2.5 group showed decreased Shannon index (P<0.05) and increased Simpson index (P<0.05), indicating that the diversity of gut microbiota in this group was decreased; the SAL+PM_2.5 group showed increased Shannon index compared to the PM_2.5 group (P<0.05) and decreased Simpson index (P<0.05), indicating that the diversity of gut microbiota in mice intervened with SAL was increased. The principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed a significant separation between the PM_2.5 group and the control group, while the separation trend was less evident among the control group, the SAL group, and the SAL+PM_2.5 group. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering tree results showed that the control group and the SAL group clustered together first, followed by clustering with the SAL+PM_2.5 group, and finally, the three groups clustered with the PM_2.5 group. The PCoA and UPGMA clustering results indicated that the uniformity and similarity of the microbiota in the PM_2.5 group were significantly decreased. Compared to the control group, the PM_2.5 group showed decreased abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas (P<0.05) and increased abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, genus Escherichia, genus Bacteroides, genus Prevotella, genus Enterococcus, and genus Proteus (P<0.05). Compared to the PM_2.5 group, the SAL+PM_2.5 group showed decreased abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, phylum Actinobacteria, genus Prevotella, and genus Proteus (P<0.05), and increased abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas (P<0.05). The PM_2.5 group showed reduced levels of propionic acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid compared to the control group (P<0.05), while the SAL+PM_2.5 group showed increased levels of propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid compared to the PM_2.5 group (P<0.05). Conclusion Exposure to PM_2.5 can cause pathological alterations, microbial dysbiosis, and disturbing production of SCFAs in intestinal tissue in mice. However, SAL can provide a certain degree of protective effect against these changes.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of the curcumin derivative bisdemethoxycurcumin （BC） promoting neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells Neuro-2a （N2a） in mice and its mechanism. METHODS The effects of BC （1， 2， 4， 6， 8， 10 μmol/L） on the viability of N2a cells were detected by MTT assay to determine the concentration range of drug treatment. The control group， retinoic acid （RA） group （10 μmol/L） and BC groups （1， 2 and 4 μmol/L） were set up， and the length of neural protrusions of the differentiated cells was measured and the cell differentiation rate was calculated after 48 h and 72 h of culture. Compared with 0 min group， Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B （Akt）， extracellular- signal regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2）， and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38） proteins in cells treated by 4 μmol/L BC for 5， 15， 30， 60， 120 min. After intervention with inhibitors LY294002 （LY） and PD98059 （PD）， the effects of BC on Akt and ERK1/2 protein phosphorylation levels and promoting neural differentiation were further validated. RESULTS According to the MTT experiment， the BC concentrations for subsequent induction of cell differentiation were determined to be 1， 2， and 4 μmol/L. After 48 hours of differentiation， compared with the control group， the cell differentiation rate in RA group and BC 1， 2 and 4 μmol/L groups， the length of cellular neural processes wjxhhxx413@163.com in the BC 4 μmol/L group significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；after inducing differentiation of BC for 72 hours，compared with the control group， the cell differentiation rate and the length of cellular neural processes in the RA group， the cell differentiation rate in the BC 4 μmol/L group， and the length of cellular neural processes in the BC 2 μmol/L group all significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）.Compared with the 0 min group， the phosphorylation levels of Akt， ERK1/2， and p38 proteins in cells of the 5， 15， 30， 60 and 120 min groups increased to varying degrees after treated by 4 μmol/L BC， and some differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After adding the inhibitor LY/PD， compared with the BC group， the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 protein in the PD+BC group cells were significantly reduced （P＜0.01）， and the cell differentiation rates in the LY group， LY+BC group， PD group， and PD+BC group was significantly reduced （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS BC promotes N2a cell differentiation mainly by increasing cell differentiation rate and neural protrusion length. The mechanism may be related to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/ ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.