OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of lecanemab for early Alzheimer disease （AD） from a whole-society perspective. METHODS Based on data from the Clarity AD study， a global multicenter， randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled study of lecanemab for early AD， a Markov model was developed according to the disease progression of AD， with a monthly cycle and a time horizon extending to 99% patient mortality. Quality-adjusted life year （QALY） and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） were used as outcome indicators， with a willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold set at twice China’s per capita gross domestic product （GDP） for 2025 （199 330.00 yuan/QALY）. The model simulated the cost-effectiveness of lecanemab plus standard of care （SoC） versus placebo plus SoC for early AD. One-way sensitivity analysis， probabilistic sensitivity analysis， and scenario analysis were employed to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS Compared with placebo plus SoC， the ICER for lecanemab plus SoC was 4 364 711.54 yuan/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the hazard ratio for disease progression， the price of lecanemab， body weight， the monthly progression probability of mild cognitive impairment， and the discount rate were key parameters affecting model robustness. Results of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of lecanemab being cost-effective was 0 at the current WTP threshold. Scenario analysis indicated that a price reduction of at least 94.88% would be required for lecanemab to fall below the WTP threshold. CONCLUSIONS At the current WTP threshold， lecanemab plus SoC is not cost-effective compared with placebo plus SoC for early AD.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of lecanemab for early Alzheimer disease （AD） from a whole-society perspective. METHODS Based on data from the Clarity AD study， a global multicenter， randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled study of lecanemab for early AD， a Markov model was developed according to the disease progression of AD， with a monthly cycle and a time horizon extending to 99% patient mortality. Quality-adjusted life year （QALY） and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） were used as outcome indicators， with a willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold set at twice China’s per capita gross domestic product （GDP） for 2025 （199 330.00 yuan/QALY）. The model simulated the cost-effectiveness of lecanemab plus standard of care （SoC） versus placebo plus SoC for early AD. One-way sensitivity analysis， probabilistic sensitivity analysis， and scenario analysis were employed to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS Compared with placebo plus SoC， the ICER for lecanemab plus SoC was 4 364 711.54 yuan/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the hazard ratio for disease progression， the price of lecanemab， body weight， the monthly progression probability of mild cognitive impairment， and the discount rate were key parameters affecting model robustness. Results of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of lecanemab being cost-effective was 0 at the current WTP threshold. Scenario analysis indicated that a price reduction of at least 94.88% would be required for lecanemab to fall below the WTP threshold. CONCLUSIONS At the current WTP threshold， lecanemab plus SoC is not cost-effective compared with placebo plus SoC for early AD.

The training of clinical pharmacists in pain specialists often focuses on the education of professional knowledge,while neglecting the important role of ethics in the teaching process.Ethical elements such as the patient's right to informed consent,privacy,health,autonomy have not received sufficient attention in the teaching process.This training model poses a potential threat to patients'rights and interests and may bring ethical risks to pharmacists.To improve teaching quality and avoid risks,lecturers and trainees should deeply understand and respect the various rights of patients,safeguard their right to health from infringement,and ensure that privacy is fully protected.In addition,the patient's right to informed consent should be implemented to allow them to make autonomous choices based on a full understanding of the treatment plan,and humanistic care should be strengthened so that patients can feel the warmth and care from the pharmacists.Through the implementation of ethical measures,the paper aims to provide useful inspirations and references for the teaching work of clinical pharmacists in pain specialists,thereby promoting clinical pharmacists to achieve comprehensive improvement in professional skills and ethical literacy,and better serving the majority of pain patients.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of the injured children Under the age of 14 in Dongguan area and provide the basis for making the specific protective measures.Methods A retrospective analysis of 1707 clinical cases of the injured children in the emergency department of our hospital from 2006 to 2010.Results The incidence rate of child injury in Dongguan area is high,accounting for 3.25％ of the emergency people at the same period.Fall-wound is at the first place of the causes of injury,accounting for 30.52％ ; traffic accident injury and bums are in the second place,accounting for 19.22％ and 11.42％ ; the incidence rate of 7-10 years-old child injury is the highest,38.25％ ; the incidence rate of boys injury is higher than girls; the incidence rate of the child injury of the children in these family such as their parents are separated,their mother are just senior high school graduates or the per capita monthly income for the whole family is less than RMB 3000 yuan is higher.There are 7 different degree of disability cases caused by injury and 10 death cases resulted from injury.Conclusions To carry out the pointed health education,average up the level of safety protection of parents and teachers,to strengthen the management of child injury surveillance and damage hazards,so as to minimize the occurrence of child injury.