Quality marker (Q-Marker) is an innovative concept and model for quality control of Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which will navigate the new direction of quality development of TCMs. Yet, how to characterize the overall quality attributes of TCMs and their biological effects is still debating. In view of this key scientific issue, this paper proposes a research method based on mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technology for the discovery and confirmation of TCMs Q-Marker. MSI is powerful in investigating the spatial distribution of molecules in a variety of samples, and visualizing the information obtained from MS. On this basis, combine with the five principles of TCMs Q-Marker validation, i.e., specificity, transmission and traceability, testability, prescription compatibility, and validity, were applied to confirm the finalized Q-Marker. It will lead the new direction of quality development of TCMs.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and diagnostic value of severe acute kidney injury(AKI)after type A aortic dissection,and to analyze the efficacy of different dialysis strategies of renal replace-ment therapy on severe AKI.Methods The clinical data of 69 patients with severe AKI after type A aortic dissection operation in this hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected.The patients were divided into the severe group(dialysis treatment,24 cases)and the mild group(without conduc-ting filtration treatment,45 cases).The clinical data were compared between the two groups,and the risk fac-tors and diagnostic value for the severe AKI occurrence after type A aortic dissection surgery by univariate and multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.The changes of postoperative treat-ment indicators were compared and the efficacy of different dialysis strategies were analyzed.Results The in-cidence rate of severe AKI after surgery was 34.78％.The univariate and multivariate logistic regression ana-lyses results showed that preoperative serum creatinine increase(OR=0.98,95％CI:0.97-0.99,P=0.02),total extracorporeal circulation time prolongation(OR=0.99,95％CI:0.97-0.99,P=0.02)and postopera-tive 24 h blood transfusion volume increase(OR=0.99,95％CI:0.98-0.99,P＜0.01)were the independent risk factors for postoperative severe AKI occurrence in the patients with type A aortic dissection.The ROC curve analysis suggested that the combination of total time of extracorporeal circulation,preoperative serum creatinine value and postoperative 24 h blood transfusion volume had good diagnostic value for postoperative severe AKI occurrence in the patients with type A aortic dissection.The sensitivity,specificity and area under the curve were 91.10％,75.00％and 0.90 respectively.Early performing filtration and continuous renal re-placement therapy(CRRT)in the severe AKT had better effect.Conclusion The independent risk factors for postoperative severe AKI occurrence in type A aortic dissection include preoperative serum creatinine in-crease,intraoperative total extracorporeal circulation time prolongation and postoperative 24 h blood transfu-sion volume increase,and the three combination has good predictive value for severe AKI.Early detection and timely using renal replacement therapy could improve severe AKI,CRRT has a better effect for AKI than in-termitlent hemodialysis(IHD).

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Twenty-four male Spragne-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (S group),intestinal I/R group (I group) and dexmedetomidine pretreatment group (DP group).Intestinal I/R model was established by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 1 h followed by 2-h reperfusion in anesthetized rats.Dexmedetomidine 100 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before ischemia in DP group.Blood samples were collected from hearts at the end of reperfusion for determination of the serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The intestinal tissues were obtained at the end of reperfusion for examination of pathologic changes and for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) contents (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and expression of TLR4,MyD88,phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) in total protein and NF-κB p65 in nucleoprotein (by Western blot).The degree of intestinal tissue damage was graded using Chiu's scoring system.Results Compared with S group,the Chiu's score and concentrations of IFABP in serum and contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in intestinal tissues were significantly increased,and the expression of TLR4,MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65 in total protein and NF-κB p65 in nucleoprotein was up-regulated in I/R group,and the Chiu's score was significantly increased,the expression of MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65 was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in serum I-FABP concentration,contents of TNF-α and IL-1β,or expression of TLR4 in total protein and NF-κB p65 in nucleoprotein in DP group (P＞0.05).Compared with I/R group,the Chiu's score,serum I-FABP concentration,and contents of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased,and the expression of TLR4,MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65 in total protein and NF-κB p65 in nucleoprotein was down-regulated in DP group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine pretreatement mitigates intestinal I/R injury may be related to inhibiting activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats.

Objective To observe the effects of the preconditioning of ulinastatin on GES-1 cell injury induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Methods GES-1 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into three groups: normal control group (group N), oxygen and glucose deprivation group (group O), and ulinastatin preconditioning group (group U). The OGD model of GES-1 cells were established by glucose-free medium and three-gas incubator for 6h. Ulinastatin was added to group U 12h before the deprivation of oxygen and glucose. The cell viability and apoptosis were determined by cck-8 and flow cytometry respectively. Western Blot was used to examine the protein expression of Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-3. The TRPV1 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Results As compared with group N, the viability of GES-1 was decreased, the apoptotic rate and the expression of Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-3 were increased, and the TRPV1 mRNA expression decreased greatly in group O (P < 0.05). As compared with group O, the aforementioned changes were significantly inhibited in group U. Conclusions Ulinastatin preconditioning could effectively inhibit GES-1 cell injury induced by OGD, which may be related to the inhibition of apoptosis and the upregulation of TRPV1 mRNA expression.

Objective To investigate the role of TRPV1 in exacerbation of gastric mucosal injury in a rat water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) model by acute postoperative pain. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal controlled group (N group, n=10), WIRS model group (WIRS group, n=10) and surgery after WIRS group (WS group, n = 10). The general extent of gastric mucosal injury was observed and assessed for gastric mucosal ulcer index (UI), intragastric pH and serum SOD/MDA ratio were measured and the expression of TRPV1 mRNA in gastric mocusal was accessed by Real-time Quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the mean density of TRPV1. Results Compared with NC group, WIRS group showed obvious gastric mocusal injure with higher UI , lower values of intragastric pH serum SOD/MDA ratio and TRPV1 (P<0.05). The treatment with surgery after onset of WIRS significantly aggravated the gastric mucusal erosion and hemorrhage, with UI increased (P < 0.05), the value of intragastric pH, serum SOD/MDA ratio and TRPV1 further reduced (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, TRPV1 was inversely correlated with UI, and positively associated with intragastric pH and serum SOD/MDA ratio. Conclusion TRPV1 expression in gastric mocusal of AMGL model is inhibited by acute postoperative pain. TRPV1 may involve in the exacerbation of gastric mucosal injury in WIRS model by acute postoperative pain.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of laparoscopic total extraperitoneal hernia repair (TEP) combined with varicocele ligation for treating inguinal hernia combining with varicocele (VC).Methods Clinical data of 22 patients of inguinal hernia complicated with varicocele from April 2011 to April 2016 was retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were treated by TEP combined with high ligation of spermatic vein. Then monitor and analyzed clinical indexes intra- and postoperatively.Results The mean operation time was (55.0 ± 9.0) min, mean intraoperative blood loss was (5.5 ± 2.8) ml, all patients can eat after anesthesia recovery and off-bed after staying in bed for 24 hours; all patients don’t need postoperative analgesia; only 1 case suffered seroma postoperative; the average hospitalization time was (4.7 ± 0.9) days; postoperative follow-up of 1 to 5 year without recurrence.Conclusion The surgical effect of TEP combined with varicocele ligation is confirmed with less invasive, faster postoperative recovery and achieving an obvious social and economical effect, it is worthy of deserving further clinical application.

Objective The simulation of the human mandible injury was carried out by using the finite element simulation technology ,and the biomechanical analysis of simulation results was developed to explore the mechanism of injuries .Methods The Chinese Visible Human digital data were used to establish the three-dimensional element model of mandible injuries ,and the dynam-ic processes of human mandible injuries in different conditions were simulated ,and the biomechanical analysis were carried out by u-sing the Von Mises stress and effective strain .Results The three-dimensional element model of mandible injuries was established , the dynamic damage and fracture of human mandible were simulated successfully ,the mandibular angle and condylar were the predi-lection parts of high-stress ,high-strain and fractures .Conclusion The Von Mises stress and effective strain can be used to predict and judge the bone tissue injuries ,the finite element method can simulate the impact injuries of mandible effectively ,and the simula-ted results can provide guidance and reference for basic research and clinical treatment of oral and maxillofacial injuries .

Objective To evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on oxidative stress injury to myocardial cells in diabetic rats in vitro.Methods The H9c2 cells were cultured in DMEM culture medium and the cells at the logarithmic growth phase were seeded in 96-well plates (density 1 × 104 cells/ml,200 μl/well) or in 6-well plates (density 1× 105 cells/m1,2 ml/well).The cells were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table:normal control group (group C),high-glucose group (group HG),high-glucose + oxidative stress group (group HG+OS),ulinastatin +high-glucose+oxidative stress group (group U+HG+OS).The cells were cultured in high-glucose DMEM culture medium (25.0 mmol/L) for 48 h in group HG.After the cells were cultured in high-glucose DMEM culture medium for 24 h,H2O2 with the final concentration of 500 μmol/L was added to the high-glucose culture medium,and the cells were continuously cultured for 24 h in HG+OS and U+HG+OS groups.In group U+HG+OS,ulinastatin 400 U/ml was added to the high-glucose culture medium.The cells were collected for determination of cell viability,H9c2 apoptosis,activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and contents of malonadehyde (MDA).Apoptosis rate was calculated.The cell culture supernatant was collected for detection of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability and SOD activity were significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate,MDA content and LDH activity were increased in the other groups.Compared with HG group,the cell viability and SOD activity were significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate,MDA content and LDH activity were increased in HG+OS and U+HG+OS groups.Compared with group HG+OS,the cell viability and SOD activity were significantly increased,and the apoptosis rate,MDA content and LDH activity were decreased in group U + HG+ OS.Conclusion Ulinastatin can mitigate oxidative stress injury to myocardial cells in diabetic rats,and inhibited cell apoptosis is involved in the mechanism.