Objective: To investigate the development status and associated factors of social emotional competence(SEC) among disadvantaged children aged 3-6 in rural areas of Guangxi, so as to provide empirical evidence to address the negative impacts of their disadvantaged circumstance. Methods: In May 2025, using convenience sampling, a study was conducted with 1 426 children aged 3-6 from disadvantaged backgrounds attending 11 rural kindergartens in Guilin, Liuzhou, and Qinzhou, Guangxi. A self designed questionnaire was used to investigate children s personal basic information, family situation (parents education level, family structure, parent-child separation status, family poverty status, multiple disadvantaged situations, family function) and kindergarten situation. Social Emotional Learning Rating Form-Parent (SELRF-P) was used to assess their social emotional competence. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and multiple Logistic regression were applied for data classification and related factor analysis, respectively. Results: The social emotional competence of disadvantaged children was categorized into four groups: well adjusted group (4.77%, n =68), basically adjusted group (38.43%, n =548), potential risk group (25.11%, n =358), and high risk delayed development group (31.69%, n = 452). Multinomial Logistic regression analysis revealed that family poverty ( OR = 1.98 ), parental education level of high school/technical secondary school or below ( OR =2.89), non parental caregivers ( OR = 3.81 ), private and non model kindergartens ( OR =1.96, 3.52), younger age (3 or 4 years old) ( OR =2.61, 2.79), low family cohesion ( OR =4.05), weak family adaptability ( OR =3.95), and multiple disadvantages ( OR =2.35) were more likely to lead children into the high risk delayed group; children seperated from parents were more likely to fall into the potential risk group ( OR = 1.82), while children from divorced families were less likely to enter the basically adjusted group ( OR =0.45) (all P <0.05). Conclusions Social emotional competence among disadvantaged children aged 3-6 years in rural areas shows significant group heterogeneity. Age, specific types of disadvantage, family functioning, and kindergarten characteristics are the main related factors. Precise intervention measures should be paid to improve the social emotional developmental difficulties of various disadvantaged children.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence, disease burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and risk factors in China from 1990 to 2021 predict future trends and provide evidence for the development of precise prevention and control policies.Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 database, the data on disease burden and risk factors of T2DM in China and in the world from 1990 to 2021 were extracted. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized disability adjusted life year rate (ASDR) were used to evaluate the prevalence and disease burden of T2DM. Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to evaluate change trends. Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis models were constructed to predict the prevalence and disease burden of T2DM from 2022 to 2046.Results:In 2021, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR of T2DM in China were 308.37/100 000, 10 626.04/100 000, and 1 050.47/100 000, which increased by 12.92% (AAPC=0.388%, P=0.009), 61.60% (AAPC=1.546%, P<0.001), and 25.26% (AAPC=0.756%, P<0.001) compared with 1990, respectively. However, the ASMR dropped to 15.84/100 000, a decrease of 4.75% (AAPC=0.122%, P=0.154). The prediction results showed that the ASPR and ASDR of T2DM in China would continue to increase steadily from 2022 to 2046 , which would increase to 19 732.71/100 000 and 1 941.25/100 000 in 2046, while the ASIR and ASMR would decrease to 258.35/100 000 and 11.49/100 000 in 2046. It is predicted that the annual ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR of T2DM in China would remain lower than the global levels from 2022 to 2046. The disease burden level of T2DM was higher in men and the elderly in China. Based on data from China and the world, metabolic factors (high FPG glucose and high BMI) are consistently the main risk factors leading to the disease burden of T2DM, and ambient particulate matter pollution is the main environmental factor. While the global disease burden of T2DM attributed to smoking has become stabilized, China still maintains a relatively high level and the level is predicted to keep rising in the future. Conclusions:The disease burden of T2DM continues to increase in China, posing significant challenges for prevention and treatment. The prevention and intervention strategies should focus on the key modifiable risk factors.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)and lung cancer(LC)pose a serious threat to human health,the prognosis of IPF is poor,the 5-year survival rate is low,and the incidence rate and mortality of LC are high.At present,IPF combined with LC(IPF-LC)has attracted much attention,but the pathogenesis is unclear.Epidemiology shows that,the risk of LC in IPF patients is 7 times than that of the general population,the incidence rate varies in different regions,which is related to smoking rate and diagnostic criteria.In terms of pathogenesis,chronic inflammation,angiogenesis,signaling pathways,aging,gene mutations,epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT),and immune dysfunction are common pathogenic factors of both,and pathological changes such as smoking and pulmonary fibrosis increase the risk of LC.Thoroughly studying these mechanisms is of great significance for the early diagnosis,treatment strategy formulation,and improvement of patient prognosis of IPF-LC.

BACKGROUND:Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth are widely used in the field of tissue repair and regeneration,but the tissue regeneration effect has limitations in practical applications.Using miRNA to intervene in the directional differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth is an important development direction fortissue repair and regeneration in the future.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of miR-26b on the neurogenic and angiogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.METHODS:Dental pulp stem cells were isolated and extracted from human exfoliated deciduous teeth,and induced to differentiate into nerves and blood vessels.The expressions of neurogenic markers Nestin,NSE,βⅢ-Tubu lin,and angiogenic markers CD31,VEGFR2,ANG-1 and miR-26b were detected.Dental pulp stem cells were divided into blank control group,miR-26 overexpression group,and negative control group.RT-qPCR,cell immunofluorescence staining,and western blot assay were used to detect the expression changes of related markers of neurogenic and angiogenic induction of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth in each group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth had multi-directional differentiation potential and could differentiate into osteogenesis,adipogenesis,neurogenesis,and vasculogenesis.(2)The expression level of miR-26b increased during the neurogenic and angiogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.(3)Compared with the blank control group and negative control group,the mRNA expression of neuroblast-related genes βⅢ-Tubulin,Nestin,NSE and angiogenesis-related genes CD31,VEGFR2,and ANG-1 in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth in the miR-26b overexpression group was significantly increased(P＜0.01),βⅢ-Tubulin,Nestin,CD31,and VEGFR2 protein expression was significantly increased(P＜0.01).The above results show that overexpression of miR-26b can promote the neurogenic and angiogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogens and changes in serum humanβ-defendin-3(HBD3)and FMS like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand(Flt3L)levels in patients with pulmonary infection after esophageal cancer radical surgery.Methods Prospectively,patients who underwent radical resection of esophageal cancer and developed pulmonary infection from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the infection group(75 cases),and patients who underwent radical resection of esophageal cancer and did not develop pulmonary infection were selected as the non-infection group(93 cases).Patients in the infection group were divided into the mild group(25 cases),the moderate group(39 cases),and the severe group(11 cases)based on the CURB-65 score.The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in patients of the infection group was analyzed by the fully automatic microbial identification instrument.The expression levels of HBD3 and Flt3L in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer patients.ROC curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of HBD3 and Flt3L levels for postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer patients.Results Among 75 infected patients,90 strains of pathogens were detected,including 49 strains(54.44％)of Gram negative bacteria,29 strains(32.22％)of Gram positive bacteria,and 12 strains(13.33％)of fungi.The serum HBD3 and Flt3L levels in the infection group were greatly higher than those in the non infection group(P＜0.05).The serum HBD3 and Flt3L levels in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate group and mild group(P＜0.05),while the serum HBD3 and Flt3L levels in the moderate group were higher than those in the mild group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that HBD3,Flt3 L,tumor location in the upper/middle segment,intraoperative bleeding ≥ 500 ml,diabetes,and smoking history were all factors influencing the pulmonary infection after radical resection of esophageal cancer(P＜0.05).According to the ROC curve,the AUC value for diagnosing postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer patients with serum HBD3 level alone was 0.789.The AUC value for diagnosing postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer patients with serum Flt3L level alone was 0.863,the AUC value of the combined diagnosis of the two was 0.934,which was greatly higher than that of the individual diagnosis(Zcombination vs HBD3=3.723,Zcombination vs Flt3L=2.098,P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum HBD3 and Flt3L levels in patients with pulmonary infection after esophageal cancer radical surgery are highly expressed,and the serum HBD3 and Flt3L levels are correlated with the severity of pulmonary infection.The two are risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer patients after radical surgery,and their combination can effectively diagnose postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer patients.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common cause of cognitive impairment in the elderly,and the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles(NFT)due to the hyperphos-phorylation of Tau is one of its important pathological features.Compared to β-amyloid,the hyperphosphorylation of Tau and the resulting NFT are more closely related to the decline in cognitive ability.This review focuses on anti-AD drugs targeting Tau,em-phasizing the latest progress in inhibiting the hyperphosphoryla-tion of Tau protein,alleviating the aggregation of Tau protein,re-ducing the cytoskeletal damage caused by the hyperphosphoryla-tion of Tau protein by stabilizing microtubules,and immunothera-py,in the hope of providing new insights into drug research for AD and related cognitive disorders associated with Tau protein.

Objective To compare the differences of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure and EUS-guided portal pressure gradient(EUS-PPG) in measurement of portal venous pressure on animals and their correlation. Methods Twenty-four miniature pigs were selected and fed with carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbital sodium combined with high-fat,low-protein and low-choline diet for 16 weeks to establish a liver cirrhotic portal hypertension model. The changes of biochemical indexes of liver function and liver pathology in the experimental pigs were observed to evaluate whether the model was successful. After the model was successfully established,the hemodynamic parameters of the portal venous trunk were measured non-invasively under EUS guidance,including portal venous blood flow and splenic artery pulsatility index,thereby calculating portal venous pressure. Then,taking EUS-PPG,the portal vein,hepatic vein,and inferior vena cava were punctured with an 18G puncture needle under general anesthesia guided by the translinear endoscopic ultrasound,and the PPG was calculated through the central venous pressure monitoring system.The Pearson correlation analysis,Kappa test,ICC intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot were used for consistency analysis. Results All the 24 pigs survived 16 weeks after modeling.The serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),albumin (ALB),globulin (GLB),total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL)after modeling were higher than those before modeling(P<0.05). HE staining and Sirius red staining showed abnormal liver morphology and increased collagen fibers after modeling,suggesting that the experimental pig model of liver cirrhotic portal hypertension was successfully established. The results of EUS-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure showed that the mean splenic artery pulsatility index was (2.03±0.68),the mean portal vein flow was (17.27±4.31)cm/s,and the mean portal venous pressure was (15.97±3.65)mmHg. The measurement results of the mean portal venous pressure,hepatic venous pres-sure and PPG of EUS-PPG were (20.68±4.71)mmHg,(4.07±2.14)mmHg and (16.38±4.28)mmHg respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the portal venous pressures measured by the two methods (r=0.902,P<0.001);the consistency tests of Kappa test and ICC intraclass correlation coefficient showed that the measurement results of the two methods were highly consistent (Kappa=0.699,P<0.001;ICC=0.945);Bland-Altman plot analysis showed that most of the points fell within 95％ limits of agreement. Conclusion EUS-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure has a high correlation and consistency with the measurement results by EUS-PPG,which has high success rate,and accurate reflection of portal venous pressure,with low cost and good safety.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease that threatens the life and health of women.Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging is a novel quantitative technology,which can obtain multiple quantitative relaxation and contrast images simultaneously by one scan,providing new basis for diagnosis and evaluation of diseases.This article reviews the imaging theory of synthetic magnetic resonance imaging and its application in the comprehensive diagnosis,molecular typing and prognosis assessment of breast cancer,in order to further guide the clinical practice.

Objective To explore the effect of PSMA gene on the biological behavior of prostate cancer cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods The expression of PSMA in prostate cancer and its relationship with prognosis were analyzed based on the GEPIA database.The mRNA and protein expression levels of PSMA in normal prostate epithelial cell RWPE-2 and prostate cancer cells DU145 and PC-3 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot,respectively.DU145 cells were used to construct knockdown cell lines,which were transfected with PSMA lentiviral knockdown plasmid and its negative control,serving as the sh PSMA group and the sh NC group,respectively;PC-3 cells were used to construct overexpression cell lines,which were transfected with PSMA lentiviral overexpression plasmid and its negative control,serving as the OE PSMA group and the OE NC group.CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay were used to detect the cell proliferation ability,wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the cell migration and invasion abilities,flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis,and Western blot was used to detect the expression of PI3K,Akt,BAX and Bcl-2 proteins.Prostate cancer cells of DU145 cell line were inoculated into the left armpit of BALB/c nude mice to form tumors,the tumor size was observed,and the tumor weight was measured;HE staining was used to evaluate the degree of damage;and the expression of PSMA was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results GEPIA database analysis showed that PSMA gene was highly expressed in prostate cancer and was related to the prognosis of prostate cancer.The results of RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of PSMA in PC-3 and DU145 cells were higher than those in RWPE-2 cell(P<0.01).Compared with the sh NC group,the sh PSMA group showed decreased cell proliferation,migration and invasion abilities(P<0.05),and increased cell apoptosis rate(P<0.05).Compared with the OE NC group,the OE PSMA group demonstrated increased cell proliferation,migration and invasion abilities(P<0.05),and decreased apoptosis rate(P<0.05).Compared with the sh NC group,the protein expression of PI3K,Akt and Bcl-2 in the sh PSMA group decreased(P<0.05),and the protein expression of BAX increased(P<0.05).Compared with the OE NC group,the protein expression of PI3K,Akt and Bcl-2 in the OE PSMA group increased(P<0.05),and the protein expression of BAX decreased(P<0.05).Results of subcutaneous transplantation of prostate cancer in nude mice showed that the tumor weight of nude mice decreased(P<0.05),tumor cells exhibited irregular shapes,nuclei were deeply stained,and PSMA expression was weakly positive,after knocking down the PSMA.Conclusion PSMA gene may participate in regulating the proliferation,invasion,migration,and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with hematological malignancies complicated by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH).Methods:A total of 67 children with HLH admitted to Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital between June 2020 and June 2024 were selected.Children without hematological malignancies were divided into the non-combined group,and those with hematological malignancies were divided into the combined group.The clinical characteristics and prognosis of the two groups were analyzed.Results:There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics such as WBC,Hb,PLT between the two groups(P＞0.05).During the follow-up,the 1-and 2-year overall survival(OS)rates for all children were(88.6±4.1)％and(73.1±7.7)％,respectively.In the non-combined group,43 children survived and 6 died,with 1-and 2-year OS rates of(95.2±3.3)％and(77.4±9.3)％,respectively.In the combined group,12 children survived and 6 died,with 1-and 2-year OS rates of(71.8±10.7)％and(62.8±12.6)％,respectively.The OS rate of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the non-combined group(x2=4.787,P=0.029).The 1-and 2-year event free survival(EFS)rates of the combined group were(61.1±11.5)％and(50.9±13.3)％,respectively.Conclusion:Children with hematological malignancies complicated by secondary HLH exhibit complex and diverse clinical characteristics.Although favorable short-term therapeutic effects can be achieved,their long-term prognosis tends to be less optimistic.