Background In recent years, the increasingly widespread application of nuclear and medical radiation technologies has resulted in a large number of occupational populations exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). At present, there is no consistent conclusion on the effects of long-term exposure to LDIR on the metabolic health of the occupational population. Objective To explore the association between long-term exposure to LDIR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among medical radiologists. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to enroll 6431 medical radiologists who ordered occupational health checkups from January 2022 to December 2023, and basic information such as demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, lifestyles, and dietary habits was collected through questionnaires. Physical examinations were conducted using a standardized protocol. Individual dose equivalents of occupational external exposure were monitored by dosimeters worn by medical radiologists. Logistic regression model was used for identifying influencing factors of MetS and sensitivity analysis, and restricted cubic spline model was used to explore the dose-response relationship between cumulative effective dose and MetS. Two-stage linear regression was used to evaluate threshold effect of association between cumulative effective dose and MetS. Results The positive rate of MetS was 13.6% (877/6431) among the enrolled 6431 study participants. The logistic regression showed that gender, age, monthly income, body mass index (BMI), cumulative effective dose, and smoking were influencing factors for MetS. The risk of MetS was higher in males (OR=1.511, 95%CI: 1.209, 1.888); using the < 30 years old group as reference, the risk of MetS was higher in the 30-39 years old (OR=1.509, 95%CI: 1.095, 2.079), 40-49 years old (OR=2.214, 95%CI: 1.551, 3.161), and ≥50 years old (OR=3.480, 95%CI: 2.338, 5.181) groups; using the <10000 yuan group as reference, the risk of MetS was lower in the group with a monthly income of 10000-14999 yuan (OR=0.715, 95%CI: 0.582, 0.878); the risk of MetS was higher in the BMI ≥ 24 kg·m⁻² group (OR=7.548, 95%CI: 6.223, 9.156); using the < 0.76 mSv group as reference, the risk of MetS was higher in the cumulative effective dose of 0.76-2.73 mSv group (OR=1.270, 95%CI: 1.017, 1.586); the risk of MetS was higher in the smoking group (OR=1.734, 95%CI: 1.428, 2.107). The results of restricted cubic spline showed that the cumulative effective dose was nonlinearly correlated with MetS (P _{non-linearity}=0.028), with an inflection point of 1.25 mSv. The risk of developing MetS increased by 34.1% for each unit increase in cumulative effective dose up to 1.25 mSv, whereas above 1.25 mSv, the statistical association was not significant. The sensitivity analysis results showed that after excluding the self-reported hypertensive and diabetic patients, the cumulative effective dose 0.76-2.73 mSv group still had an increased risk of developing MetS compared with the < 0.76 mSv group (P < 0.05), and the results were robust. Conclusion Among medical radiologists, male, age, BMI, and smoking are positively correlated with MetS, and monthly income is negatively correlated with MetS; cumulative effective dose is non-linearly correlated with MetS among medical radiologists.

Objective To explore the three ultrasonic technologies of two -dimensional ultrasound(2D -US),ultrasonic elastography(UE) and contrast -enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) for the measurement error in breast cancer and the correlation with the expression of ER,PR,VEGF.Methods 50 patients with breast cancer were meas-ured by 2D -US,UE,CEUS preoperatively,and the pathological specimen were measured postoperatively.Then used the immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of ER,PR,VEGF in tumor,and analyzed the correlation with the measurement errors.Results The results of differences between 2D -US,UE,CEUS and pathology were respectively as follows:( -0.59 ±-0.34)cm,( -0.20 ±-0.14)cm,( -0.40 ±-0.31)cm,and the differences were statistically significant(F =20.497,P <0.001).The positive expression rate of ER and PR was high if the difference between UE and 2D -US was less than or equal to 0.44cm.And the positive expression rate of VEGF was low if the difference between CEUS and 2D -US was less than or equal to 0.19cm.Three ultrasonic technologies in the measurement of breast cancer were different,the trend of difference between UE and 2D -US was smaller if the ER and PR were positively expression,and the trend of difference between CEUS and 2D -US was bigger if the VEGF was positively expression.Conclusion There is correlation between different immunohistochemical expression of breast cancer with measurement error in three different ultrasonic imaging technologies.The results suggest that the molecular pathology difference of breast cancer can impact on ultrasonic imaging,which contributes to know the reason and regulation of measurement error in different ultrasonic imaging technology.