OBJECTIVE To establish an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS) method for determination and comparison of 26 components in different parts of two base plants of Shiliang tea(Chimonanthus salicifolius S.Y.Hu and Chimonanthus zhejiangensis M.C.Liu), and screen quality markers of different parts. METHODS The UHPLC method was performed on an Agilent RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm) column with a gradient elution of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min−1, the column temperature was 35 ℃, and the injection volume was 0.5 μL; the multiple reaction monitoring mode was employed for the quantification of 26 components with electrospray ionization(ESI) source polarity in negative and positive mode. RESULTS Good linear relationship(r >0.999) were observed in the test ranges for 26 compounds, and the average recovery was 88.5%−111.7% with RSD was 3.4%−9.8%. There was no significant difference between the two base plants of Shiliang tea, and all of these samples were divided into two categories by hierarchical cluster analysis. The main components in leaves was flavonoids, among them, the content of kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside was the highest, reaching 12.902 mg.g−1; the main components in stems and roots was coumarins, and the content of alkaloids in roots was higher, relatively; 7 quality markers of difference were screened by OPLS-DA, which were kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, chimonanthine, rutin, fraxetin, calycanthoside, scopolin, neochlorogenic acid. CONCLUSION These study elucidates the differences of chemical components in the different parts of two base plants of Shiliang tea, which providing basis for the research of pharmacodynamic substances and references for the comprehensive utilization of Chimonanthus salicifolius S.Y. Hu and Chimonanthus zhejiangensis M.C.Liu resources.

Objective To observe the effect of Jiawei Jianshen prescription on idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN)with spleen-kidney deficiency and its influence on phospholipase A2 receptor(PLA2R)titer.Methods A total of 60 patients with IMN who were hospitalized or outpatients in Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital from January 2021 to July 2022 were selected and divided into control group and treatment group by simple random sampling method,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was given basic treatment alone,and the treatment group was given Jiawei Jianshen prescription + basic treatment.Blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),serum albumin(ALB),24h urinary protein quantitative and PLA2R titer were compared between two groups before and after treatment.The therapeutic effect of two groups was evaluated.Results The total effective rate of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group(χ2=60.000,P<0.001).After treatment,the scores of edema,abdominal distension,fatigue,soreness and weakness of waist and knees in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).24h urinary protein and PLA2R titer in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group,and ALB was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Jiawei Jianshen prescription can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of IMN patients with spleen-kidney deficiency,increase serum ALB level,reduce 24h urinary protein quantity and PLA2R titer.

Objective To construct a management scheme of nursing assistants in unaccompanied hospitals and explore its application effect.Methods The management team of nursing assistants in unaccompanied hospitals was set up.On the basis of investigating the current situation of nursing assistants'team management,the management scheme of nursing assistants was constructed by ORTCC management model for references,including 5 parts:determining management objectives,perfecting rules system,building hierarchical training system,checking and assessing,and shaping cultural system.Convenience sampling method was used to select 92 nursing assistants in an unaccompanied hospital in Xiamen,Fujian Province from June 2021 to June 2022 as application subjects.The post competence of nursing assistants and the satisfaction of patients and nurses to nursing assistants were compared before the application of the management scheme(June-December 2021)and after the application(January 2022-June 2022).Results After the application of ORTCC management model,the total score of post competency of medical nursing assistants increased from[65(64,67)]to[91(90,92)];the excellent rate of post competency level increased from 1.09％to 67.39％;the satisfaction of patients with nursing assistants increased from 61.99％to 88.62％;the scores of nurses'satisfaction with nursing assistants in all dimensions were significantly higher than before(all P＜0.05),and the overall evaluation was improved from 92.73％to 99.24％.Conclusion The use of the ORTCC management model for nursing assistants can effectively improve their post competence,improve the satisfaction of patients and nurses,and help to further stabilize and develop the medical nursing assistants staff.

Objective:To compare the results of invasive prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:Clinical data of pregnant women undergoing PGT and invasive prenatal diagnosis at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The results of PGT and invasive prenatal diagnosis were compared, and the outcomes of pregnancies were followed up. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (No. 2022SLYEC-491).Results:A total of 172 couples were included in this study, and 26 non-targeted variants were discovered upon prenatal diagnosis, including 10 cases (38.5%) by chromosomal karyotyping, 15 (57.7%) by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and 1 (3.8%) by whole exome sequencing. The 10 karyotypic anomalies had included 6 chromosomal polymorphisms, 2 chromosomal mosaicisms, 1 paternally derived translocation, and 1 missed maternal chromosomal inversion. CMA has identified 15 copy number variations (CNVs), which included 11 microdeletions and microduplications, 3 loss of heterozygosity, and 1 low-level mosaicism of paternal uniparental disomy. One CNV was classified as pathogenic, and another one was likely pathogenic, whilst the remaining 13 were classified as variants of uncertain significance. Therefore, 8.7% of CNVs was detected by invasive prenatal diagnosis after PGT. 92.3% (24/26) of the non-targeted variants have been due to technological limitations of next-generation sequencing (NGS).Conclusion:Invasive prenatal diagnosis after PGT can detect non-targeted variants, which may further reduce the incidence of birth defects.

[Objective]To investigate the association between screen content and the frequency of screen exposure at the age of one and a half years and hyperactive behavior in preschool,and to explore how the association is affected by the interaction between outdoor activities and screen behaviors,which could provide theoretical basis and feasible solutions for the prevention and intervention of behavioral problems in childhoood.[Methods]The survey was conducted from June 2022 to June 2023 in Huicheng District,Huizhou (China) stratified by whole cluster sampling methods. Parents and teachers of 5648 children in 61 kindergartens were sampled for questionnaire surveys. The Conners Teacher Rating Scale (TRS) was used to investigate hyperactive behavior. A self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate basic demographic information of children,screen content,frequency of screen exposure and outdoor activities at the age of one and a half years. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the association between video screen behavior and hyperactive behavior and its interaction with outdoor activities by controlling for covariates such as children's age,gender,and parental education.[Results]Result showed the overall prevalence of 3.2％ for hyperactive behavior,2.1％ for conduct problems,2.1％ for hyperactivity problems,1.3％ for inattention-passivity problems,and 0.9％ for hyperactivity index. After adjusting for confounding factors,multiple logistic regression analysis showed that screen exposure of "two to four times a week" at one and a half years old was associated with an increased detection rate of hyperactive behaviors in preschool children,with an estimated ORs (95％ CI) of 1.682 (1.141,2.480). Daily screen exposure was associated with increased detection rates of hyperactive behavior,conduct problems,hyperactivity issues,inattention-passivity problems,and hyperactivity index in pre-school age. The estimated ORs (95％ CI) were 2.136 (1.218,3.746),2.321 (1.185,4.546),2.300 (1.208,4.380),2.776 (1.267,6.085) and 3.640 (1.525,8.687),respectively. But the above associations were not found in children who were engaged in daily outdoor activities at the age of one and a half years (P value for interaction<0.001). No association was found between screen content and hyperactive behavior (P>0.05).[Conclusions]Frequency of screen exposure in early childhood is significantly associated with hyperactive behavior problems in preschool,and outdoor activities could weaken the correlation between high-frequency screen exposure and hyperactive behavior,suggesting that parents and schools should prioritize scientifically guiding children's video viewing behavior and outdoor activities,ensuring a well-arranged daily life,to lay a good foundation for the healthy development of children's behavior.

The individualized precision management of hereditary pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) syndromes (PPGLs) based on molecular diagnosis and molecular subtype is becoming more popular. The newly discovered MAX germline mutation-associated PPGLs are autosomally dominant and rare. To raise awareness and explore the effective management of individual diagnosis and treatment, the relevant literature published between January 2011 and February was systematically reviewed. There were a total of 101 patients in the 77 families, involving all 5 exons, containing 44 types of MAX germline mutations and mostly concentrated in exons 3 and 4 (64.4%), the main mutations were nonsense mutations and missense mutations (72.3%), and some were large fragment deletions or insertions, intron variant, gene fusion mutations were relatively infrequent. Furthermore, about 10% of the patients had a paternal parent-of-origin effect. Among the 101 patients, 96 (95.0%) developed PHEO including 15 metastatic PHEO, 61 bilateral PHEO and 35 unilateral PHEO. The age of diagnosis was (31.7±10.9) years (range: 13 to 80 years). The male to female ratio was 1.2∶1. Eleven were accompanied with chest and abdominal PGL. Eight (7.9%) were accompanied by functional pituitary adenoma. And 12 (11.9%) developed other neuroendocrine tumors (NET), of which 8 were accompanied by PHEO, including 4 hyperparathyroidism, 1 gangliocytoma and neuroblastoma, 1 pancreatic NET, 1 medullary thyroid carcinoma and 1 C cell hyperplasia. Six presented concomitant non-NET, including 1 tongue squamous cell carcinoma, 1 papillary thyroid carcinoma, 1 prostate cancer, 1 renal oncocytoma, 1 breast cancer with renal oncocytoma, and 1 thoracic chondrosarcoma with multifocal adenocarcinoma of lung. The remaining 5 cases (5.0%), including 4 other NET (2 ganglioblastoma, 1 abdominal neuroblastoma and 1 pancreatic NET) and 1 asymptomatic child, did not present PHEO. The MAX germline mutation may cause a novel multiple endocrine neoplasia, which can be described as type 5. A comprehensive baseline assessment of neural crest cell-derived diseases such as PPGL, pituitary adenoma, hyperparathyroidism, and/or gangliocytoma (neuroblastoma) was recommended for all people with MAX germline mutations, and the risk of bilateral and/or metastatic PHEO should also be considered. In contrast, patients with PPGLs combined with other NET, such as functional pituitary adenoma, should undergo genetic testing and pedigree screening that includes at least the MAX gene.

The individualized precision management of hereditary pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) syndromes (PPGLs) based on molecular diagnosis and molecular subtype is becoming more popular. The newly discovered MAX germline mutation-associated PPGLs are autosomally dominant and rare. To raise awareness and explore the effective management of individual diagnosis and treatment, the relevant literature published between January 2011 and February was systematically reviewed. There were a total of 101 patients in the 77 families, involving all 5 exons, containing 44 types of MAX germline mutations and mostly concentrated in exons 3 and 4 (64.4%), the main mutations were nonsense mutations and missense mutations (72.3%), and some were large fragment deletions or insertions, intron variant, gene fusion mutations were relatively infrequent. Furthermore, about 10% of the patients had a paternal parent-of-origin effect. Among the 101 patients, 96 (95.0%) developed PHEO including 15 metastatic PHEO, 61 bilateral PHEO and 35 unilateral PHEO. The age of diagnosis was (31.7±10.9) years (range: 13 to 80 years). The male to female ratio was 1.2∶1. Eleven were accompanied with chest and abdominal PGL. Eight (7.9%) were accompanied by functional pituitary adenoma. And 12 (11.9%) developed other neuroendocrine tumors (NET), of which 8 were accompanied by PHEO, including 4 hyperparathyroidism, 1 gangliocytoma and neuroblastoma, 1 pancreatic NET, 1 medullary thyroid carcinoma and 1 C cell hyperplasia. Six presented concomitant non-NET, including 1 tongue squamous cell carcinoma, 1 papillary thyroid carcinoma, 1 prostate cancer, 1 renal oncocytoma, 1 breast cancer with renal oncocytoma, and 1 thoracic chondrosarcoma with multifocal adenocarcinoma of lung. The remaining 5 cases (5.0%), including 4 other NET (2 ganglioblastoma, 1 abdominal neuroblastoma and 1 pancreatic NET) and 1 asymptomatic child, did not present PHEO. The MAX germline mutation may cause a novel multiple endocrine neoplasia, which can be described as type 5. A comprehensive baseline assessment of neural crest cell-derived diseases such as PPGL, pituitary adenoma, hyperparathyroidism, and/or gangliocytoma (neuroblastoma) was recommended for all people with MAX germline mutations, and the risk of bilateral and/or metastatic PHEO should also be considered. In contrast, patients with PPGLs combined with other NET, such as functional pituitary adenoma, should undergo genetic testing and pedigree screening that includes at least the MAX gene.

microRNA(miRNA)is a 22nt long sin-gle-stranded non-coding RNA that is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes.Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease,and airway inflammation is one of the important mecha-nisms of its pathogenesis.Asthma can be classified into different types based on the different immune mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis,and the mechanism of airway inflammation also varies be-tween different types of asthma.This article reviews the research progress of miRNA in asthma airway inflammation and endotype,and explores the pathogenesis and treatment prospects of miRNA in asthma airway inflammation and endotype.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for liver cancer after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis.Methods:The clinical data of 150 patients diagnosed with hepatitis B associated cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hypersplenism who underwent splenectomy at Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from March 2000 to November 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were a total of 150 patients included, 114 males and 36 females, aged (44±10) years old. General information, intraoperative conditions, and postoperative complications of the patients were documented. The postoperative progress of patients was monitored by telephone or outpatient follow-up. Based on the follow-up results regarding liver cancer presence, all patients were categorized into two groups: liver cancer group ( n=42) and non-liver cancer group ( n=108). Multivariate analysis was employed to identify factors influencing the liver cancer occurrence after splenectomy. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis along with log-rank test was utilized to assess overall survival and survival rate comparison. Results:Compared to the non-liver cancer group, the liver cancer group exhibited an increased prevalence of hypertension, direct bilirubin levels, prothrombin time, maximum spleen diameter, and postoperative thrombosis (all P<0.05). However, there was a significant reduction in the number of patients receiving long-term regular antiviral therapy and postoperative bleeding (all P<0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative hypertension ( OR=6.310, 95% CI: 1.729-23.024, P=0.005), spleen diameter exceeding 12 cm ( OR=5.338, 95% CI: 1.234-23.094, P=0.025), and occurrence of postoperative thrombosis ( OR=8.652, 95% CI: 2.700-27.729, P<0.001) in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension were associated with an increased risk of developing liver cancer following splenectomy. Patients who receive long-term regular antiviral treatment after surgery ( OR=0.143, 95% CI: 0.038-0.545, P=0.004) have a lower risk of developing liver cancer. There was no statistically significant difference observed in the cumulative survival rate between the liver cancer group and the non-liver cancer group ( χ2=1.74, P=0.187). Conclusion:Preoperative hypertension, spleen diameter exceeding 12 cm, and postoperative thrombosis are independent risk factors for liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and portal hypertension after splenectomy. Additionally, postoperative long-term antiviral therapy serves as an independent protective factor.

Abstract: Objective　To understand the behavioral characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) in different sexual roles and the current status of syphilis-HIV co-infection and mono-infection in Shenzhen, and to analyze the relationship between sexual roles and syphilis-HIV status. Methods　The snowball and respondent-driven sampling (RDS) were used to recruit MSM in Shenzhen for questionnaire surveys and serological testing of syphilis and HIV. Chi-square test, Wilcoxon two-sample test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyze the factors associated with the sexual roles and syphilis-HIV co-infection and mono-infection. Results　A total of 839 MSM were recruited from 2019 to 2021. Of all, 289(34.45%) were receptive group, 270(32.18%) were insertive group, and 280(33.37%) were versatile group. Statistically significant differences were found among the three groups in age, household registration, educational background, first sexual partner, age of having anal sex for the first time, number of sexual partners in the last 6 months, having heterosexual sex in the last 6 months, and drug abuse (rush) in the last 6 months (χ2=34.980, 9.570, 7.621, 7.924, 23.229, 11.991, 37.717, 10.678, P<0.05). Among 839 MSM, the prevalence of syphilis-HIV co-infection, mono-HIV infection, and mono-syphilis infection were 4.17%, 5.13%, and 9.54%, respectively; the infection rates of the receptive group were 5.54%, 6.92%, and 10.03%, respectively; the infection rates of the versatile group were 4.29%, 6.43%, and 9.64%, respectively; the infection rates of insertive group were 2.59%, 1.85%, and 8.89%, respectively; there were statistical differences in infection rates of syphilis-HIV co-infection and mono-infection among different sexual roles (χ2=14.520, P=0.024 3). Ordinal logistic regression indicated that playing exclusively receptive and versatile roles in anal sexual intercourse in the last 6 months, the older MSM (≥30), senior high school and below, the younger age at the first anal, having 6 or more anal sexual partners, and not insist on using condoms in anal sexual intercourse were associated risk factors for syphilis-HIV co-infection and mono-infection. Compared with MSM in the insertive group, receptive MSM had 2.21 times the risk of syphilis-HIV co-infection and mono-infection (aOR=2.21, 95%CI:1.39-3.51), and versatile MSM had 1.26 times the risk (aOR=1.26, 95%CI:1.07-2.18). Conclusion　MSM with different sexual roles exhibit distinct demographic and sexual behavior characteristics, as well as varying risks for syphilis and HIV infections. Individualized and different corresponding preventive measures should be taken for MSM towards different sex roles and sexual behaviors.