OBJECTIVE To formulate Guidelines for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics （ 2026 edition ） in response to the challenges faced by such clinics in China， including uneven development， large discrepancies in service specifications， insufficient patient awareness， and limited medical insurance coverage. METHODS Led by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Professional Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association， the Evidence-based Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association， and the Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Cross-strait Medical and Health Exchange Association， a total of 19 domestic hospital pharmacy experts were organized. Through a systematic review of national policies and literature research， current practical experience was summarized. Consensus on the contents of the guidelines was reached after in-depth discussions. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS The guidelines covered five sections： definition and connotation of pharmacist-managed clinics， establishment requirements， implementation and management， post competency， and practical research. Firstly， the definition and connotation included three operational forms of pharmacist-managed clinics （independent mode， physician-pharmacist joint mode， and online pharmacist-managed clinic mode） and classified service modes （specialty-specific， drug-specific， and disease-specific pharmacist-managed clinics）. The establishment requirements were further refined， covering system construction （pharmaceutical service management system， quality control and assessment mechanism）， personnel qualifications （professional credentials， continuing education and professional training， etc）， service recipients， as well as service venues and facilities. Subsequently， the implementation and management of pharmacist-managed clinics were proposed， involving service procedures， intervention measures， documentation and records， patient education and follow-up， humanistic care， as well as risk management and quality control. Finally， post competency encompassed the competency requirements for pharmacists providing services in pharmacist-managed clinics， as well as the suggestions on teaching methods； practical research encouraged the conduct of high-quality pharmaceutical practice in the setting of pharmacist-managed clinics. The guidelines provide valuable guidance for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics in China in terms of establishment， management， teaching， and research， fill the guideline gap in this field， and can promote the high-quality development of pharmacist-managed clinics.

Background With China's socioeconomic development, significant lifestyle changes have occurred among occupational groups, leading to alterations in cardiovascular metabolic risk factors. However, few studies have examined the secular trends of these risk factors in China's working population. Objective To analyze the trends in cardiovascular metabolic risk factors among the occupational population in nine provinces of China from 2009 to 2018, and to explore the associations between different occupational types and these risk factors, along with their clustering patterns, thereby providing evidence for targeted interventions. Methods This study utilized data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009, 2015, and 2018. The dataset covered 13274 employed individuals aged 18-59 years. Only participants with complete blood test results and physical measurement data were included in the final analysis. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the positive rates of risk factors was calculated using Joinpoint regression to analyze temporal trends. Multinomial logistic regression and binary logistic regression models were employed to examine the cross-sectional associations between occupational types (categorized as white-collar workers, agricultural workers, blue-collar workers, service workers, and others) and nine cardiovascular metabolic risk factors and their clustering (defined as having ≥2 risk factors) in 2018. Results A total of 8451 participants were included. From 2009 to 2018, significant increasing trends (AAPC>0, P<0.05) were observed for overweight, obesity, central obesity, borderline elevated triglycerides (TG), borderline elevated to elevated total cholesterol (TC), borderline elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), elevated blood pressure and hypertension, diabetes. The most rapid increases were found for obesity (AAPC=6.07%, 95%CI: 3.42%, 8.88%), hypertension (AAPC=4.10%, 95%CI: 0.62%, 7.77%), and central obesity (AAPC=3.27%, 95%CI: 1.24%, 5.36%). The clustering rate of risk factors increased from 62.3% in 2009 to 73.2% in 2018 (AAPC=1.87%, 95%CI: 1.02%, 2.73%). The cross-sectional analysis in 2018, after adjusting for confounders, showed that compared with white-collar workers, blue-collar workers had a significantly lower risk of overweight (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.48, 0.95), central obesity (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.45, 0.92), and borderline high TG (OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.82). In contrast, agricultural workers had a higher risk of hypertension (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.72). Conclusion Between 2009 and 2015, the burden of most cardiometabolic risk factors increases significantly among the Chinese occupational population, with the rate of increase slowing by 2018. Risks vary across occupational types, among which blue- collar workers report lower target outcomes. Targeted interventions focusing on the rapidly increasing risk factors and high-risk occupational groups are recommended.

Background With rising obesity rates and earlier hypertension onset among occupational populations, there is an urgent need to elucidate the long-term cardiovascular impacts of dynamic body weight patterns. Current evidence lacks trajectory modeling studies examining occupation-specific prevention strategies. Objective To investigate the association between long-term body mass index (BMI) trajectories and incident hypertension risk in Chinese working adults, and to examine occupation-specific heterogeneity in this relationship. Methods A dynamic sub-cohort of 4 413 occupational participants was constructed from ten survey waves (1991–2018) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Eligible individuals had valid key BMI records at three or more independent follow-ups before the outcome event; the individual baseline was set as the year of their first participation in the survey. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify BMI change patterns. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension incidence across trajectory groups, with stratified analysis by occupational categories. Results Among 4413 occupational participants, 1441 incident hypertension cases were reported during the follow-up window. Three long-term BMI trajectories were identified: low-stable, moderate-slowly rising, and high-rising. In Model 3 with all selected confounders adjusted, compared with the low-stable group, the moderate-slowly rising group showed a significantly higher risk of incident hypertension (HR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.45; P < 0.001), as did the high-increasing group (HR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.45, 2.23; P < 0.001). The stratified analyses revealed occupational differences in the association. Among agricultural workers, the moderate-slowly rising group (HR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.57) and the high-rising group (HR=2.00, 95%CI: 1.50, 2.66) both exhibited significantly increased risks of hypertension (P<0.001). Conversely, among white-collar workers, an increased risk of hypertension was observed only in the high-rising group (HR=1.97, 95%CI: 1.23, 3.17; P<0.05). Conclusion Rapid BMI escalation constitutes a significant risk factor for incident hypertension in occupational populations. Targeted long-term weight monitoring and tailored interventions are recommended for high-risk occupations.

BACKGROUND:Studies have confirmed that Pterocarya hupehensis skan total flavonoids(PHSTF)can improve the level of collagen-induced arthritis in rats,but there is still a lack of research on the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in fibroblast-like synoviocytes and its effect on related cell functions.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of PHSTF on lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation,migration and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes based on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathwayMETHODS:Fibroblast-like synoviocytes were divided into control group,lipopolysaccharide group,lipopolysaccharide+low-,medium-,and high-dose PHSTF groups(10,20,and 40 μg/mL),lipopolysaccharide+Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 group,and lipopolysaccharide+Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1+high-dose PHSTF group(40 μg/mL).The cell counting kit-8 method was used to detect the effect of PHSTF on the viability of fibroblast-like synoviocytes,and the final drug concentration and time were screened.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes.Cell scratch assay,EDU staining and cell cloning assay were used to detect the migration and proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes.Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression levels of Wnt3a,β-catenin,tumorigenic genes,matrix metalloproteinase 2,matrix metalloproteinase 9,Bax and Bcl-2 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the cell viability decreased significantly when the concentration of PHSTF was＞40 μg/mL(P＜0.01).Therefore,the drug concentration of≤40 μg/mL was selected for subsequent experiments.(2)Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,the wound healing rate,cell clone formation rate and the number of EDU-positive cells in the low-,medium-and high-dose PHSTF groups were significantly reduced,while the apoptosis rate was significantly increased(P＜0.05-0.01).(3)Western blot results showed that compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,low-,medium-and high-dose PHSTF significantly inhibited cellular Wnt3a,β-catenin,cellular tumorigenic genes,matrix metalloproteinase 2,matrix metalloproteinase 9,and Bcl-2 protein expression,and promoted the expression of Bax protein(P＜0.01).(4)Compared with the DKK1 group,the combination of DKK1 and high-dose PHSTF significantly inhibited the protein expression of Wnt3a,β-catenin,matrix metalloproteinase 2,matrix metalloproteinase 9 and Bcl-2 protein expression and promoted the protein expression of Bax(P＜0.01).To conclude,PHSTF may inhibit the proliferation and migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and promote apoptosis by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Studies have confirmed that Pterocarya hupehensis skan total flavonoids(PHSTF)can improve the level of collagen-induced arthritis in rats,but there is still a lack of research on the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in fibroblast-like synoviocytes and its effect on related cell functions.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of PHSTF on lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation,migration and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes based on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathwayMETHODS:Fibroblast-like synoviocytes were divided into control group,lipopolysaccharide group,lipopolysaccharide+low-,medium-,and high-dose PHSTF groups(10,20,and 40 μg/mL),lipopolysaccharide+Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 group,and lipopolysaccharide+Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1+high-dose PHSTF group(40 μg/mL).The cell counting kit-8 method was used to detect the effect of PHSTF on the viability of fibroblast-like synoviocytes,and the final drug concentration and time were screened.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes.Cell scratch assay,EDU staining and cell cloning assay were used to detect the migration and proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes.Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression levels of Wnt3a,β-catenin,tumorigenic genes,matrix metalloproteinase 2,matrix metalloproteinase 9,Bax and Bcl-2 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the cell viability decreased significantly when the concentration of PHSTF was＞40 μg/mL(P＜0.01).Therefore,the drug concentration of≤40 μg/mL was selected for subsequent experiments.(2)Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,the wound healing rate,cell clone formation rate and the number of EDU-positive cells in the low-,medium-and high-dose PHSTF groups were significantly reduced,while the apoptosis rate was significantly increased(P＜0.05-0.01).(3)Western blot results showed that compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,low-,medium-and high-dose PHSTF significantly inhibited cellular Wnt3a,β-catenin,cellular tumorigenic genes,matrix metalloproteinase 2,matrix metalloproteinase 9,and Bcl-2 protein expression,and promoted the expression of Bax protein(P＜0.01).(4)Compared with the DKK1 group,the combination of DKK1 and high-dose PHSTF significantly inhibited the protein expression of Wnt3a,β-catenin,matrix metalloproteinase 2,matrix metalloproteinase 9 and Bcl-2 protein expression and promoted the protein expression of Bax(P＜0.01).To conclude,PHSTF may inhibit the proliferation and migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and promote apoptosis by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Abnormal amino acid metabolism promotes tumor progression by inducing malignant behaviors in tumor cells and altering the immune landscape within the tumor microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we constructed colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models, performing multifaceted validation to confirm that T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon (CCT5), mediates the biosynthesis of aspartate and enhances sensitivity to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. Mechanistically, CCT5 directly binds to asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and promotes the synthesis of aspartate (Asn). The Asn-mTORC1 axis facilitates tumor cell proliferation while upregulating PD-L1 expression, which leads to a reduction in the number of effector CD8⁺ T cells. Treatment with l-asparaginase (ASNase) combined with anti-PD-L1 therapy effectively reverses the growth of CRC characterized by high CCT5 expression. In summary, we identify CCT5 as a potential biomarker to guide the combined use of ASNase and anti-PD-L1 antibodies in CRC treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of Qianggu Kangshu Formula (QGKSF) for alleviating osteoclast differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: RAW264.7 cells cultured under hypoxic conditions were treated with RANKL to induce osteoclast differentiation and incubated with normal rat serum or sera from rats medicated with methotrexate (MTX) or QGKSF at low and high doses. Cell viability, TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and F-actin ring formation in the treated cells were assessed with CCK-8 assay, TRAP staining and Phalloidin staining, respectively. Autophagy and autophagosomes in the cells were observed with MDC staining and transmission electron microscopy. ELISA was used to measure IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the culture supernatant, and the expressions of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Bcl-2, Beclin1, LC3-I, LC3-II, P62 and TRAP mRNAs and proteins were analyzed using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: In hypoxia- and RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells treated with normal rat serum, significant increments of TRAP-positive cells and F-actin ring formation were observed with an enhanced autophagic fluorescence intensity and increased autophagosomes. Treatment of the induced cells with rat sera medicated with MTX and low- and high-dose QGKSF obviously reduced the TRAP-positive cells, F-actin rings and autophagosomes as well as the autophagic fluorescence intensity. RANKL treatment significantly increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels in RAW264.7 cells, which were obviously decreased by treatment with MTX- and QGKSF-medicated sera. RANKL also significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Bcl-2, Beclin1, LC3 and TRAP and lowered P62 expressions, and these changes were effectively reversed by treatment with MTX- and QGKSF-medicated sera. CONCLUSIONS QGKSF attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in hypoxic RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the HIF-1α/BNIP3 autophagy signaling pathway, suggesting its potential for treatment of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Osteoclasts/drug effects* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Mice ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Rats ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology* ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; Mitochondrial Proteins

Objective To investigate the correlation of sperm aneuploidy with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA).Methods Thirty-four male partners of couples diagnosed with URSA in the Center of Reproductive Medicine of Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from November 2021 to December 2023 were enrolled as the experimental group,after excluding chromosomal structural or numerical abnormalities in either partner of the couples,female age≥37 years,and other known female-related causes of miscarriage.Meanwhile,30 men,who had given birth to healthy children,or were infertile only due to female factors and had normal semen parameters,were selected as control group.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to detect sperm aneuploidy after routine semen analysis for the males of the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in male age,semen volume,sperm concentration,percentage of progressively motile sperm,and percentage of sperm with normal morphology between the two groups(all P＞0.05).However,in the experimental group,the total nullisomy rate(2.10±1.93)％ versus(0.54±0.27)％,total dip-loidy rate(0.25±0.27)％ versus(0.05±0.05)％,and disomy rate of chromosome 18(0.77±1.15)％ versus(0.18±0.21)％,sex chromosomes(2.79±2.38)％ versus(0.78±0.52)％,chromosome 13(0.79±0.99)％ versus(0.21±0.22)％,and chromosome 21(1.24±1.68)％ versus(0.22±0.19)％ were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).When the the mean aneu-ploidy rate in the control group(x+2s)was set as the upper limit of the normal reference value,the proportions of disomy rates of chro-mosomes 18,13,21 and sex chromosomes,as well as the total diploidy rate exceeding the threshold in the experimental group were 41.18％,35.29％,41.18％,55.88％,and 47.06％,respectively,with the proportion of abnormal disomy rate of sex chromosomes be-ing the highest.Conclusion The aneuploidy rate of sperm may be a related factor leading to unexplained recurrent spontaneous abor-tion in females,which has certain clinical significance for the assessment of male fertility and the diagnosis of male infertility.

Objective To analyze the current situation of adverse event reported by physicians and provide suggestions for improving the quality of hospital adverse event management.Method Descriptive analysis,chi-square analysis,and degree of structure variation analysis method were used to analyze the current status of adverse event reporting and changes in the composition of reporting personnel in a general hospital in Shanghai from 2021 to 2023.Result Physicians are more inclined to choose adverse event types with mild severity and unclear definition for reporting in their daily clinical work.The number of reports from internal medicine physicians is much higher than that from surgeons.There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of reported physicians with different professional titles from 2021 to 2023(P＜0.05),with only junior professional title physicians having value of structure vaviation＞0,and the highest contribution rate of structure vaviation is 50.03%.Conclusion In order to improve the reporting of adverse events,hospitals should optimize the reporting system as the basis,pay attention to the reporting situation of surgical and platform departments,and focus on strengthening training for physicians with low seniority.

To solve the dilemma of manual quality control time-consuming and labor-intensive,and artificial intelligence technology being difficult to accurately judge in the monitoring of medical record connotation quality control indicators,the case hospital has developed an appropriate data monitoring strategy with the help of information technology.For the timeliness indicators of medical record writing,full monitoring can be carried out by directly collecting data from the electronic medical record system.Nine indicators of non-timeliness indicators can be automatically judged through intelligent linkage with the deduction items of routine medical record supervision.The application of information technology is conducive to improving the efficiency of index monitoring and the quality of data collection,providing data support for the refined management of medical record quality.