Noggin is a protein secreted by human cells and belongs to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, which can inhibit the formation and proliferation of bone tissue. The initial research found that Noggin is mainly involved in the development of the embryonic skeletal and nervous systems in vertebrate embryos. Subsequent studies have found that Noggin also plays an important role in bone metabolism and bone mineral density regulation in adults, mainly by regulating the activities of signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, notch and hedgehog. Meanwhile, there is also a certain mutual influence among various channels. This article mainly reviews the relevant research on the regulation of osteoporosis by Noggin in signaling pathways, clarifies the related mechanism of Noggin in various signaling pathways, and analyzes the current research status and prospects of Noggin.

To investigate the prevalence of influenza D virus(IDV)in cattle and swine populations in Jilin Province,China,277 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from livestock exhibiting influ-enza-like symptoms for IDV detection.Virus isolation was performed using swine testicular(ST)cells for PCR-positive samples,followed by comprehensive analyses including whole-genome se-quencing,phylogenetic analysis,electron microscopic observation of viral morphology,and glycosy-lation site prediction.Two IDV strains were successfully isolated from bovine samples,designated as D/bovine/China/JL22/2024(JL22)and D/bovine/China/JL34/2024(JL34).These strains were demonstrated to have specific hemagglutination activity against turkey red blood cells,while no he-magglutination to chicken,rabbit,or guinea pig erythrocytes.Virus-inoculated ST cells exhibited distinct cytopathic effects(CPE)within 48 h,with a hemagglutination titer of 4 log2 in the culture supernatant.Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion(HEF)gene indicated that these strains were most closely related to the Japanese isolate D/Yamagata2019,belonging to the YAMA2019 lineage.Genomic sequence analysis showed the absence of genetic reassortment in these isolates.In this study,two IDV strains were successfully isolated and characterized,which provides preliminary insights into their genomic sequences and biological properties.The findings confirm the presence of IDV in bovine populations in Jilin Province and provide the fundamental data for future epidemiological surveillance and control strategies of IDV.

This paper systematically searched Chinese and English databases from January 2000 to December 2024 to screen the research literature related to labor positions and biomechanics.By extracting key information such as study type, position type, measurement technique, mechanical parameters and injury findings, we focused on the differences in pelvic outlet expansion, lower limb joint loading and injury risk between upright and horizontal birthing positions, and then summarized the biomechanical mechanisms and findings by using thematic analysis.The analysis showed that the upright position could significantly expand the pelvic outlet, but might increase the load on the ankle and knee joints;the combination of video capture and open-source platform technology provided a new direction for the dynamic study of delivery positions.

To investigate the prevalence of influenza D virus(IDV)in cattle and swine populations in Jilin Province,China,277 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from livestock exhibiting influ-enza-like symptoms for IDV detection.Virus isolation was performed using swine testicular(ST)cells for PCR-positive samples,followed by comprehensive analyses including whole-genome se-quencing,phylogenetic analysis,electron microscopic observation of viral morphology,and glycosy-lation site prediction.Two IDV strains were successfully isolated from bovine samples,designated as D/bovine/China/JL22/2024(JL22)and D/bovine/China/JL34/2024(JL34).These strains were demonstrated to have specific hemagglutination activity against turkey red blood cells,while no he-magglutination to chicken,rabbit,or guinea pig erythrocytes.Virus-inoculated ST cells exhibited distinct cytopathic effects(CPE)within 48 h,with a hemagglutination titer of 4 log2 in the culture supernatant.Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion(HEF)gene indicated that these strains were most closely related to the Japanese isolate D/Yamagata2019,belonging to the YAMA2019 lineage.Genomic sequence analysis showed the absence of genetic reassortment in these isolates.In this study,two IDV strains were successfully isolated and characterized,which provides preliminary insights into their genomic sequences and biological properties.The findings confirm the presence of IDV in bovine populations in Jilin Province and provide the fundamental data for future epidemiological surveillance and control strategies of IDV.

This paper systematically searched Chinese and English databases from January 2000 to December 2024 to screen the research literature related to labor positions and biomechanics.By extracting key information such as study type, position type, measurement technique, mechanical parameters and injury findings, we focused on the differences in pelvic outlet expansion, lower limb joint loading and injury risk between upright and horizontal birthing positions, and then summarized the biomechanical mechanisms and findings by using thematic analysis.The analysis showed that the upright position could significantly expand the pelvic outlet, but might increase the load on the ankle and knee joints;the combination of video capture and open-source platform technology provided a new direction for the dynamic study of delivery positions.

Noggin is a protein secreted by human cells and belongs to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, which can inhibit the formation and proliferation of bone tissue. The initial research found that Noggin is mainly involved in the development of the embryonic skeletal and nervous systems in vertebrate embryos. Subsequent studies have found that Noggin also plays an important role in bone metabolism and bone mineral density regulation in adults, mainly by regulating the activities of signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, notch and hedgehog. Meanwhile, there is also a certain mutual influence among various channels. This article mainly reviews the relevant research on the regulation of osteoporosis by Noggin in signaling pathways, clarifies the related mechanism of Noggin in various signaling pathways, and analyzes the current research status and prospects of Noggin.

Objective To evaluate effectiveness of prevention and treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for one year at community health-care service (CHS)centers. Methods A quasi-experiment design was used to evaluate effectiveness of community management for patients with COPD who visited and registered at Xiaokunshan and Xinbang CHS centers in Songjiang district of Shanghai in 2008, with COPD patients from Xiaokunshan community CHS center as management group and those from Xinbang as control. Measures for community management included training for local general practitioners in essential knowledge of COPD prevention and treatment, allocation of necessary drugs for COPD treatment, and health education for COPD patients and their family members. No special measures were taken for control group except routine treatment. Results A total of 132 patients were diagnosed as COPD according to their pulmonary function on 2008, 61 at Xiaokunshan and 71 at Xinbang CHS canters.One hundred and two patients, 47 at Xiaokunshan and 55 at Xinbang, finished one-year follow-up. Five patients from Xiaokunshan who were smokers at their first visits and three of them quitted smoking after oneyear management. Meanwhile, none of nine smoked patients from Xinbang quitted smoking in the same period. There was no statistically significant difference in symptom scores, pulmonary function, and forced expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1) between patients in the two groups during one-year follow-up.Average score of quality of life in patients at Xiaokunshan dropped to 39. 12 after one-year management from 46. 96 at their first visits, and that in patients at Xinbang increased to 62. 11 from 56. 55 (P＜0.01).Average six-minute walking distance (6-MWD) in patients at Xiaokunshan reduced to 354. 26 meters after one-year management from 361.66 meters at their first visits, meanwhile that in patients at Xinbang reduced to 351.18 meters from 398.07 meters (P =0. 008). Scores of functional dyspnea in patients at Xiaokunshan fell to 0.34 from 0.40 at their first visit, meanwhile that in patients at Xinbang increased to 1.00 from 0.95(P =0.038). During the one-year follow-up, 13 patients at Xiaokunshan and 53 at Xinbang visited emergency departments for treatment, and four at Xiaokunshan were hospitalized and none died, and five at Xinbang were hospitalized due to acute exacerbation of COPD and four of them died. Conclusions The study suggests that strengthening prevention and treatment for COPD patients at community level by general practitioners, patients themselves and their family members can improve their quality of life, reduce emergency visits and hospitalization, alleviate dyspnea symptoms and delay the decline of 6MWD.

uate and should be standardized.

Objective To understand awareness of basic knowledge on control and prevention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among general practitioner in community health service centers. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 593 general practitioners at 15 community health service centers in a district of Shanghai in the morning of February 26, 2008. Results Five hundred and forty-two of 593 ( 91.4% ) general practitioners surveyed knew that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be abbreviated as COPD, and 315 of them (53.1%) thought they knew the main contents of the "Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease". No pulmonary function instrument was equipped at all 15 community health service centers surveyed, and 501 of 593 ( 84.5% ) general practitioners knew spirometry is gold standard for diagnosis of COPD. Only 115 ( 19.4% ) general practitioners knew that COPD can be categorized as acute exacerbation and stable stage. One hundred and sixty-three of them (27.5%) knew that drug therapy should be maintained in COPD patients for long term following effective treatment, 328 (55.3%) recognized that treatment for COPD patients was still needed in their stable stage, and 312 (52.6%) believed that antibiotics may not be necessary and 465 (78.4%) thought that inhalation therapy was the choice of treatment for acute exacerbation of COPD. Two hundred and thirty-five of them (39.6%) knew that oxygen inhalation should be more than 15 hours per day in regular family therapy. The investigation showed that 365 (61.6%) general practitioners had participated in training for COPD-related knowledge, only one or two times a year. Awareness of COPD knowledge was significantly poorer in rural practitioners than that in urban community ones. Conclusions Basic knowledge of prevention and treatment for COPD was seriously lack in general practitioners, so it is a necessity to strengthen training for them.

Objectives:To evaluate the nursing diagnostic items in perioperative patients, its indication and clinical directive effect. To explore the conception and goal of perioperative nursing diagnosis and the method of making diagnosis from theories, identifying and using them from theories and practice, and to discuss the training method and positive outcomes from quality management. Methods: One thousand and fifty items of nursing diagnosis were collected from 10 surgical units and 20 items were screened from them. Continuous practice and improvement was done by a cycling model: training nurses use items examine nurses analyze outcome find out problems and causes plan and apply interventions. The consistency of the diagnosis and the outcomes of the patients were also compared. Results: The nursing quality of 10 surgical units was improved markedly from 2001 to 2002. Conclusions:The screened 20 items are commonly used in perioperative patients. If used correctly, they could play a strong pragmatic and directive role in nursing practice. Theoretical training and practice are the key to the correct diagnosis and nursing care.