Based on the theory of diseased collaterals and the progression pattern of diabetic kidney disease （DKD）， this paper proposes a staged treatment system based on the "three states of kidney collaterals" including collateral distention， collateral bi （痹） and collateral accumulation. In the collateral distention stage， the primary pathogenesis is heat damaging the kidney collaterals and collateral vessel dilation， corresponding to the early state of DKD characterized by hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria； the clearing method is suggested， and Shenling Jiangtang Formula （参苓降糖方） can be used to promote the remission of proteinuria by ameliorating insulin resistance and regulating intestinal microecology. In the collateral bi stage， the core pathogenesis lies in the binding of phlegm and stasis， and the formation of concretions and conglomerations in the kidney collaterals， corresponding to massive proteinuria and the decline of renal function， for which the unblocking method should be taken， using Jinchan Yishen Tongluo Formula （金蝉益肾通络方） and Qingre Xiaozheng Formula （清热消癥方） to alleviate renal pathological damage by regulating the autophagy-lysosome pathway and repairing mitochondrial energy metabolism. The collateral accumulation stage is characterized by the internal retention of turbid toxins and accumulations of concretions in the kidney collaterals， corresponding to renal fibrosis and end-stage renal disease （ESRD）； the dispersion method is suggested， and Yiqi Tongluo Xiezhuo Formula （益气通络泄浊方） and Shenyan Fangshuai Fluid （肾炎防衰液） can be used to inhibit extracellular matrix accumulation and delay the progressive loss of renal function. Collateral deficiency runs through the entire course of the disease and is closely related to cellular senescence and the imbalance of the ubiquitin-proteasome/autophagy system. The concept of the "three states of kidney collaterals" integrates the evolution of traditional Chinese medicine pathogenesis with modern pathological staging， forming a whole-course intervention system of "staging-syndrome differentiation-target-formula"， thereby providing novel insights for prevention and treatment of DKD using integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.

To thoroughly implement the strategic deployment outlined in the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Inheritance and Innovative Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine regarding research on dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine and to uphold the development philosophy of equal emphasis on traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine，the China Association of Chinese Medicine has fully played a leading academic role by systematically organizing and conducting a series of academic youth salons on clinical dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine. On September 13，2024，the 36^th Youth Salon on Clinical Dominant Diseases was successfully held in Nanjing，focusing on the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine and the integrative traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED）. The conference brought together leading experts from traditional Chinese medicine，western medicine，and interdisciplinary fields，facilitating in-depth multidisciplinary discussions that led to key consensus on optimizing traditional Chinese medicine treatment protocols for ED，researching and developing new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine，and advancing interdisciplinary development in traditional Chinese medicine. This salon systematically sorted out the clinical strengths and distinctive features of traditional Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of ED. Based on current research foundations and clinical needs，it identified key directions for future scientific layout and scientific research tackling： （1） Standardization of syndrome differentiation system of traditional Chinese medicine for ED. （2） Optimization and standardization of intervention methods of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. （3） High-quality clinical research guided by evidence-based medicine. （4） In-depth analysis of the pharmacological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of ED. （5） Clinical translation and application promotion of new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine. （6） Interdisciplinary integration and innovation in traditional Chinese medicine. For each research direction，key focus areas，expected objectives，and clinical value were further refined，along with the establishment of a scientifically sound priority funding level evaluation system. Therefore，building on the series of salons on the ED-focused dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine，this paper provides standardized guidance for clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine in ED management，effectively contributing to the high-quality development of traditional Chinese medicine. It serves as a valuable reference for national scientific and technological strategic layout， research and development decision-making in new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine，research topic planning，and clinical guideline formulation.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Yangzhou City, and its association with screen behaviors, so as to provide scientific evidence for weight management among students. Methods: In May 2025, an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among children and adolescents in Yangzhou City. A total of 3 722 participants were selected from grades 4 to 12 in 18 primary and secondary schools (108 classes) by using stratified cluster random sampling. The Chi square test was used to compare the differences in the detection rates of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with 5 types of screen behaviors (watching TV, playing electronic games, scrolling short videos, screen based learning, electronic socializing) in different time groups each day (never, >0~<2 h, ≥2 h). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations of five types of screen behaviors, presence of electronic devices in the bedroom, and screen use during meals on the weight status of children and adolescents. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents was 37.3%. For all five types of screen behaviors, the differences in the distribution of overweight and obesity detection rates among children and adolescents across the three time spent categories were statistically significant ( χ 2=30.76- 70.78 , all P <0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that frequent or always using screens during meals( OR =1.63, 95％ CI =1.14~2.31), playing video games ( OR =1.28, 95% CI =1.11-1.48), browsing short videos ( OR =1.29, 95％ CI=1.09-1.54), and screen based learning ( OR =1.26, 95％ CI =1.10-1.44) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents (all P <0.05). Conclusions Excessive screen use is positively correlated with the incidence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Targeted interventions on screen behaviors among children and adolescents are therefore warranted.

This paper summarizes Professor WANG Yaoxian's experience in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspective of spleen and stomach based on the "internal heat leading to concretions" theory. It is considered that internal heat leading to concretions constitutes the core pathogenesis of DKD， with the spleen and stomach serving as the source of internal heat； therefore， treatment should be based on regulating the spleen and stomach. In the early stage of DKD， dysfunction of the spleen and stomach leads to the initial generation of internal heat. Common syndrome patterns include gastrointestinal heat accumulation and constrained heat in the liver and stomach， for which modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction （葛根芩连汤） can be used to clear heat bind while modified Dachaihu Decoction （大柴胡汤） is used to clear stomach and soothe liver， respectively. In the middle stage of DKD， weakness of the spleen and stomach results in the initial formation of concretions and conglomerations. Common patterns include spleen deficiency with prevalence of dampness and deficiency of both the spleen and kidney. Treatment emphasizes strengthening the spleen and resolving dampness， raising yang and boosting the stomach with modified Shengyang Yiwei Decoction （升阳益胃汤）， or supplementing spleen and boosting kidney， dissipating bind and dispe-ring concretions with modified Shenqi Dihuang Decoction （参芪地黄汤）， respectively. In the late stage of DKD， it is characterized by spleen and stomach depletion， and rampant accumulation of turbidity and toxin， and the common syndrome patterns are damp-turbidity obstruction in the middle jiao （焦） and spleen-kidney yang deficiency. Treatment aims to remove turbidity and harmonize the stomach， or to warm the kidney and strengthen the spleen while elimina-ting turbidity， using modified Dahuang Gancao Decoction（大黄甘草汤） and Jupi Zhuru Decoction （橘皮竹茹汤） or modified Baoyuan Decoction （保元汤） and Lizhong Decoction （理中汤）， respectively. In clinical practice， appropriate formulas and medications are flexibly selected according to specific syndromes.

The Huangdi Neijing proposes the " using bitter herbs to nourish or purge" theory to guide clinical prescription and formulation of herbal remedies based on the physiological characteristics and functions of the five zang viscera, along with the properties and flavors of medicinal herbs. This study explored diabetic kidney disease pathogenesis and treatment based on the " using bitter herbs to nourish or purge" theory. Kidney dryness is a key pathological factor in diabetic kidney disease, and the disharmony of kidney dryness is an essential aspect of its pathogenesis. Strengthening is the primary therapeutic principle, and kidney dryness is a persistent factor throughout the occurrence and progression of diabetic kidney disease. In the early stage, the pathogenesis involves heat-consuming qi and injuring yin, leading to kidney dryness. In the middle stage, the pathogenesis manifests as qi deficiency and blood stasis in the collaterals, resulting in turbidity owing to kidney dryness. In the late stage, the pathogenesis involves yin and yang deficiency, with kidney dryness and disharmony. This study proposes the staging-based treatment based on the " need for firmness" characteristic of the kidney. The aim is to provide new insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine by rationally using pungent, bitter, and salty medicinal herbs to nourish and moisturize the kidney. This approach seeks to promote precise syndrome differentiation and personalized treatment for different stages of diabetic kidney disease, thereby enhancing clinical efficacy.

ObjectiveStarting from the etiology， pathogenesis， and treatment strategies of endometriosis and adenomyosis， to integrate and sort out the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned experts and schools in the field of traditional Chinese medicine gynecology. MethodsAccording to the systematic review of text and opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI） in Australia， this paper determined literature screening criteria by searching China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang， and China Biomedical Literature Database. Information was extracted after literature screening， and quality evaluation was conducted using the JBI Narrative， Text， and Opinion Systematic Review Strict Evaluation Checklist. The JBI Narrative， Opinion， Text Evaluation， and Review Tool Summary Table was used for information synthesis， and data analysis and display were conducted in the form of text and charts. ResultsThe 146 articles related to 39 renowned experts and 19 articles related to 10 schools of thought were included. Research has found that contemporary experts and schools in traditional Chinese medicine gynecology consider blood stasis as the core pathogenesis in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of two diseases and related infertility. Their viewpoints varied from multiple aspects such as clinical symptom characteristics， meridian circulation location， pathological product evolution， disease duration， emotional psychology， lifestyle habits， preference for food and drink， innate endowment， and acquired injury. In terms of treatment， it was advocated to divide the stage， treat according to different types， adapt to the times， integrate nature and humans， and combine multiple methods to treat comprehensively when necessary. It was also recommended to skillfully use insects， make good use of classic formulas and small prescriptions， pay attention to protecting the spleen and stomach and regulating emotions， and make good use of self-formulated empirical formulas for internal or external use. Besides， individualized long-term management of patients was also advocated. ConclusionThis study applies the SrTO process to systematically summarize the academic ideas of contemporary renowned experts and schools in traditional Chinese medicine gynecology regarding the causes， mechanisms， diagnosis， and treatments of endometriosis， providing a scientific and standardized reference for future theoretical exploration.

Based on the theory of "prevention of disease before it occurs"， this paper explores the pathogenesis and progression of membranous nephropathy， focusing on the role of "dampness， heat， and blood stasis" as the fundamental causes. The approach emphasizes early prevention， controlling potential risks and secondary factors for disease occurrence. Starting with reinforcing lung defense， preventing blood stasis， and early detection and intervention， prescriptions such as Yupingfeng Powder （玉屏风散） and Xiaochaihu Decoction （小柴胡汤） are recommended. During disease progression， the significant role of dampness and blood stasis in pathogenesis is highlighted. Treatment strategies focus on eliminating dampness and turbidity， clearing heat and promoting urination， cooling blood and resolving blood stasis， activating blood circulation and unblocking meridians， and detoxifying the bowels. Prescriptions like Bixie Fenqing Decoction （萆薢分清饮）， Sanren Decoction （三仁汤）， and Taohong Siwu Decoction （桃红四物汤） are used. Concurrently， attention should be given to managing complications such as anemia， cardiovascular diseases， and osteoporosis， controlling their progression， and promoting recovery. The approach also includes improving the patient's constitution， regulating emotions， adjusting diet， and preventing colds to reduce recurrence， providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of membranous nephropathy using traditional Chinese medicine.

Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease. Both traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine have their own advantages in the prevention and treatment of DKD， but there are also many difficulties. By analysis of the difficulties faced by TCM and western medicine in the differentiation and treatment of DKD， based on the theory of "miniature masses in the renal collaterals"， combined with long-term clinical practice， "internal heat leading to mass" is proposed as the core pathogenesis of DKD. Therefore， a trinity model of "disease-syndrome-symptom" for differentiation and treatment of DKD based on the core pathogenesis has been proposed. This model highlights the status of the core pathogenesis of "internal heat leading to mass" in DKD， and conducts a three-dimensional identification from the perspectives of disease， syndrome and symptom， so as to inspire clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the association between serum uric acid trajectories and the risk of renal function decline and diabetic kidney disease(DKD) incidence in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 5 037 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 60 years and above who underwent at least three health examinations between 2019 and 2023, with 2019 as the baseline. Latent growth mixture modeling(LGMM) was employed to identify distinct serum uric acid trajectories. Renal function changes and DKD incidence were followed from 2020 to 2023. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess the association between serum uric acid trajectories and the risks of renal function decline and DKD.Results:Two distinct serum uric acid trajectory groups were identified based on model selection criteria: A stable group( n=4 485, 89.04%) and an inverted U-shaped group( n=552, 10.96%). After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with the stable trajectory group, the inverted U-shaped group showed a significantly increased risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) <60 mL·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1, ≥25% decline in eGFR, doubling of serum creatinine, and DKD events, with OR(95% CI) of 1.99(1.28-3.09), 2.27(1.65-3.13), 1.52(1.09-3.02), and 1.52(1.27-1.82), respectively(all P<0.05). In addition, multivariate analysis indicated that elevated baseline serum uric acid levels were also associated with an increased risk of adverse renal outcomes and DKD incidence; However, the magnitude of the associations was lower than that observed for serum uric acid trajectory groups. Conclusions:An inverted U-shaped serum uric acid trajectory is significantly associated with an increased risk of renal function progression and DKD in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These findings highlight the importance of long-term dynamic monitoring of serum uric acid levels to facilitate early identification and intervention for high-risk individuals.

Objective To investigate the reciprocal relationships between trajectories of depressive symptoms(DS)and cognitive function(CF)and to provide a basis for formulating comprehensive management for depression and cognitive impairment among older adults.Methods Group－based dual trajectory modelling was performed to identify dual trajectories of DS and CF usinglongitudinal data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Results 3076 older adults were included in the analysis.Four trajectories of DS(DS1~DS4)were determined:constantly low(30.7%),mild increasing lightly(46.7%),moderately decreasing(19.0%),and constantly high(3.6%);four trajectories of CF(CF1~CF4):persistently high(8.3%),suboptimal slowly decline(51.8%),middle rapidly decline(33.8%)and low rapidly decline(6.1%).Compared with DS 1,the elderly in DS 2~4 were more likely to experience CF 3 and CF 4.Using CF 1 as a reference,the elderly in CF 2~4 were more likely to follow DS 2~4.Conclusion GBMDT captures the degree of overlap and dynamic developmental associations between developmental trajectories for DS and CF among Chinese elderly.