Objective: To explore the association between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of anxiety and depressive symptoms co-occurrence among adolescents. Methods: A random cluster sampling involving 8 500 first year junior high school students in 11 counties in Yunnan Province was conducted by a questionnaire survey from October to December 2022. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was applied to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students. Chi-square test was used to compare the anxiety-depression co-occurrence symptoms of first year junior high school students with different demographic characteristics. The association between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms of adolescents was analyzed by binary Logistic regression models. Results: The detection rate of co-occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province was 26.92%. After controlling for demographic variables and other confounders, takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption( OR=1.50, 95%CI =1.27-1.77) was associated with anxiety-depression co-occurrence symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province ( P <0.01). Stratified analysis showed that both Han ( OR=1.37, 95%CI =1.07-1.77) and ethnic minorities ( OR=1.60, 95%CI =1.29-2.00) exhibited statistically significant associations between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms(both P <0.05). Conclusions Takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption increases the risk of co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province. It is recommended to strengthen guidance on the consumption of such products among junior high school students to prevent co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Based on the theory of diseased collaterals and the progression pattern of diabetic kidney disease （DKD）， this paper proposes a staged treatment system based on the "three states of kidney collaterals" including collateral distention， collateral bi （痹） and collateral accumulation. In the collateral distention stage， the primary pathogenesis is heat damaging the kidney collaterals and collateral vessel dilation， corresponding to the early state of DKD characterized by hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria； the clearing method is suggested， and Shenling Jiangtang Formula （参苓降糖方） can be used to promote the remission of proteinuria by ameliorating insulin resistance and regulating intestinal microecology. In the collateral bi stage， the core pathogenesis lies in the binding of phlegm and stasis， and the formation of concretions and conglomerations in the kidney collaterals， corresponding to massive proteinuria and the decline of renal function， for which the unblocking method should be taken， using Jinchan Yishen Tongluo Formula （金蝉益肾通络方） and Qingre Xiaozheng Formula （清热消癥方） to alleviate renal pathological damage by regulating the autophagy-lysosome pathway and repairing mitochondrial energy metabolism. The collateral accumulation stage is characterized by the internal retention of turbid toxins and accumulations of concretions in the kidney collaterals， corresponding to renal fibrosis and end-stage renal disease （ESRD）； the dispersion method is suggested， and Yiqi Tongluo Xiezhuo Formula （益气通络泄浊方） and Shenyan Fangshuai Fluid （肾炎防衰液） can be used to inhibit extracellular matrix accumulation and delay the progressive loss of renal function. Collateral deficiency runs through the entire course of the disease and is closely related to cellular senescence and the imbalance of the ubiquitin-proteasome/autophagy system. The concept of the "three states of kidney collaterals" integrates the evolution of traditional Chinese medicine pathogenesis with modern pathological staging， forming a whole-course intervention system of "staging-syndrome differentiation-target-formula"， thereby providing novel insights for prevention and treatment of DKD using integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.

Dietary therapy represents a promising approach to modulate gut microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and may ameliorate certain neurological conditions through the gut-brain axis. The dietary therapy rich in fatty acids has been demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in both IBD and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, mainly manifested as controlling intestinal and neural inflammation through fatty acids. However, robust clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of dietary therapy against neurological manifestations in IBD remains limited. Therefore, this review summarizes the effects of fatty acid-rich dietary therapy in patients with IBD or CNS disorders, as well as the underlying mechanisms of fatty acids, with the aim of providing a reference for the application of such dietary therapy in IBD patients presenting with concurrent CNS manifestations and the development of treatment protocols.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and neuroinflammation, remains a formidable clinical challenge. Herein, we present an innovative nose-to-brain delivery platform utilizing lactoferrin (Lf)-functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) co-encapsulating α-mangostin (α-M) and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) siRNA (siB). This dual-modal therapeutic system synergistically combines the neuroprotective and microglia-reprogramming capabilities of α-M with the transcriptional silencing of BACE1 via siB, thereby simultaneously inhibiting Aβ production and enhancing its clearance. Fabricated via a microfluidic approach, the LNPs exhibited uniform particle size distribution, great encapsulation efficiency, and robust colloidal stability. Upon intranasal administration, Lf-functionalization enabled superior brain-targeting efficacy through receptor-mediated transcytosis. In vitro studies demonstrated that α-M reversed Aβ-induced low-density lipoprotein receptor downregulation, promoting microglial phagocytosis and autophagic degradation of Aβ, while siB effectively suppressed BACE1 expression, abrogating Aβ synthesis. In vivo investigations in APP/PS1 transgenic mice revealed remarkable cognitive recovery, substantial Aβ plaque reduction, and alleviation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. This intricately designed LNP system, exploiting a non-invasive and efficient nose-to-brain delivery route, provides a biocompatible, synergistic, and transformative therapeutic strategy for the multifaceted management of AD.

Objective:Assessing the therapeutic efficacy of methotrexate(MTX)-modified magnetic nanoparticles in thermo-chemotherapy for rat breast cancer and its impact on immune function.Methods:Female Wistar rats were subcutaneously inoculated with breast cancer Walker-256 cells to establish a transplantation tumor model,and injected with polyethyleneimine(PEI)-modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles(47T group,42T group and multiple 42T group)or MTX-modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles(47TC group,42TC group and multiple 42TC group)for thermotherapy under the magnetic field at different temperatures(47℃and 42℃).The rats injected with MTX-modified magnetic fluid only(MFC group)and the tumor-bearing rats without any treatment(blank control group),with irradiation treatment in an alternating magnetic field only for 30 minutes(M group),with injection of PEI-modified magnetic fluid only(MF group),with treatment of MTX-mono drug(MTX group)and not inoculated with tumor cells(normal group)were used as control groups.X-ray radiography was used to display the distribution of magnetic fluid in the tumor tissue 24 hours,2 weeks and 2 months after intra-tumor injection.After 24 hours of treatment,three rats were selected from each of the 47T and 47TC groups,and the effect of magnetic fluid on tumor cells was observed under an electron microscope after execution.After 14 days of treatment,the tumor volume of rats was measured and statistically analyzed.At the same time,4 rats were selected from each of the 47TC,47T,42TC,42T,MFC,MTX,blank control and normal groups,and the levels of IL-2,IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA method.The remaining rats were observed for long-term survival.Results:The magnetic nanoparticles were evenly distributed in the center of the tumor but unevenly distributed at the tumor's edge;they primarily localize amomg tumor cells and can penertrate into tumor cells.Tumor growth was inhibited in rats in the 47TC,47T,multiple 42TC and multiple 42T groups(all P<0.05),and the survival rates of the rats were high.As compared with the blank control group,the levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ were increased while the IL-4 level was decreased in the 47TC and 47T groups(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Thermo-chemotherapy at 47℃for 30 minutes and multiple sessions at 42℃for 60 minutes can partially inhibit tumor growth and prolong rat survival.This effect maybe related to the thermo-chemotherapy at 47℃for 30 minutes which can activate the body's immune function.

Objective: To investigate the precise detection methods for weak partial D type 15 and evaluate their implications for blood transfusion safety, along with the development of corresponding strategies. Methods: A combination of serological methods, including the microplate method, indirect antiglobulin tube method, and microcolumn gel card method, was employed to identify RhD-negative and RhD variant samples. RhD-negative samples were screened for the presence of RHD genes using whole-blood direct PCR amplification. Subsequently, RhD variant samples and RhD-negative samples containing RHD genes underwent full-coding-region sequencing of the RHD gene to confirm their genotypes. The genotyping results were further correlated with the serological test findings for comprehensive analysis. Results: Among 615 549 first-time healthy blood donors, 3 401 samples with an RhD-negative phenotype and 156 samples with RhD variant were identified. Of the 3 401 RhD-negative samples, 1 054 were found to harbor RHD genes. Gene sequencing analysis of the 156 RhD variants and the 1 054 serological negative samples revealed that 89 samples contained the RHD 15 (c. 845G>A) allele. Conclusion: The integration of serological testing methods and genotyping technologies for the precise determination of RhD blood type plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and compatibility of blood transfusions.

Hydroxyectoine, a vital compatible solute, is widely utilized in cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical industries, and biologics. However, the current microbial fermentation methods for hydroxyectoine production face challenges including insufficient precursor supply and low yields. Therefore, developing engineering microbial strains capable of efficiently synthesizing hydroxyectoine is of great significance. In this study, we first constructed a high-yield ectoine-producing strain ECT04 by multi-copy integration of the ectoine synthesis genes ectABC into the pseudogene loci of Escherichia coli MG1655(DE3), achieving an ectoine titer of 6.03 g/L. Subsequently, we employed plasmids with varying copy numbers to express ectD from Chromohalobacter salexigens to enable the conversion for hydroxyectoine production. We further investigated the effects of promoter, co-substrate ɑ-ketoglutarate, Fe²⁺ concentration, and dissolved oxygen on hydroxyectoine synthesis. Through fed-batch fermentation in a 7-L bioreactor, we significantly enhanced the hydroxyectoine production efficiency, attaining a final titer of 8.58 g/L and a productivity of 0.24 g/(L·h). This work successfully achieved the de novo synthesis of hydroxyectoine in E. coli, laying a foundation for the efficient bioproduction of this compound.
Escherichia coli/genetics* ; Fermentation ; Amino Acids, Diamino/biosynthesis* ; Bioreactors/microbiology* ; Metabolic Engineering/methods* ; Chromohalobacter/genetics* ; Plasmids/genetics*

Objective: To understand the association between beverage and snack intake and insufficient serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted intervention measures. Methods: From October to December 2021, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 477 primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 15 years old from 9 counties in Yunnan Province implemented the Nutrition Improvement Plan for Rural Compulsory Education Students. The intake of beverages and snacks was investigated using the Rural Student Nutrition Monitoring Questionnaire from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The snack intake intensity was calculated and classified into no intake, extremely low, low, medium, and high intensity. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in the laboratory, and levels <20 ng/mL were defined as insufficient. Chi square tests, LASSO regression, random forest and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the association between 20 types of beverages and snacks and serum 25(OH)D insufficiency. Results: Insufficient serum 25(OH)D was detected in 564 boys (45.9%) and 855 girls (68.5%), with a total of 1 419 cases (57.3%). Binary Logistic regression results showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages ( OR =1.51), plant protein beverages ( OR =1.61), and milk tea beverages ( OR =1.39) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D, while protective factors were fruits and vegetables ( OR =0.77) and pure milk and yogurt ( OR =0.74) (all P <0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, milk containing beverages, tea beverages, fruit and vegetable juices, and plant protein beverages increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in girls ( OR =2.22, 1.72, 1.67, 1.74, 1.92), and high intake intensity increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in boys ( OR =1.73, 1.48, 1.52, 1.49, 1.97) (all P <0.05). Extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, plant protein beverages, and milk tea beverages in junior high school students ( OR =1.92, 2.54, 1.68) and low intake intensity in primary school students ( OR =1.40, 1.33, 1.45) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D (all P <0.05). Conclusions Frequent intake of beverages and highly processed snacks increases the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in primary and secondary school students, while natural foods such as fruits, vegetables, pure milk and yogurt can reduce the risk. Girls and junior high school students are more susceptible to these effects.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Coronavirus Dis-ease 2019 in immunocompromised hosts.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 230 hospitalized patients diagnosed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 at Nanjing Yimin Hospital from December 2022 to November 2023.The patients were divided into three groups based on their immune status:immunocompromised group(n=59),relatively immunocompromised group(n=129),and immunocompetent group(n=42).The clinical characteristics(such as clinical manifesta-tions,imaging features,and laboratory examinations)and outcomes(such as length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality)were compared among three groups.Results Compared with there latively immunocompromised and immunocompetent groups,the immunocompromised group showed no obvious specific clinical manifestations.However,the proportions of patients with symptoms such as cough and expectoration were lower,and the occurrences of symptoms such as myalgia and fatigue were less fre-quent in the immunocompromised group(P＜0.05).The chest CT findings in the immunocompro-mised group also lacked specific changes,mainly presenting as subpleural ground-glass opacities and consolidations with multilobar distribution,but fibrotic changes were more common(P＜0.05).The proportion of patients with decreased absolute lymphocyte counts in the immunocompromised group was higher than that in the immunocompetent group,and the proportion of patients with elevated procalcitonin levels was higher than that in the other two groups(P＜0.05).The proportion of severe case sand the length of hospital stay in the immunocompromised group were higher and longer than those in the relatively immunocompromised and immunocompetent groups(P＜0.05).The in-hospital mortality rates in the immunocompromised,relatively immunocompromised,and immunocompetent groups were 10.17％,6.98％,and 2.38％,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion After Coronavirus Disease 2019,immunocompromised hosts do not show obvi-ous clinical and imaging features.However,they have a prolonged length of hospital stay,a signifi-cantly higher proportion of severe cases,and a tendency towards increased in-hospital mortality,which should be given high clinical attention.

Objective To prepare an advanced irrigation device equipped with a specialized nozzle designed to access the pericoronal blind sac of impacted wisdom teeth,and evaluate its efficacy in plaque removal.Methods 3D-printer was utilized to develop pericoronal models simulating mandibular wisdom teeth with high vertical impaction and varying soft tissue coverage(0%,25%,50%,and 75%,respectively)and personalized pericoronal irrigator.The obtained pericoronal models were randomly divided into 3 groups,treated with personalized precision pericoronal flushing,routine flushing and brushing,respectively,and,under a pressures of 45 psi or 75 psi(1 psi=6 894.76 Pa),were performed to clean the test surfaces of plaque-biofilm-obstructed wisdom teeth,respectively.Images of the tooth surfaces were analyzed before and after cleaning,and the cleaning rate was calculated using Python software.Results For wisdom teeth with 50%and 75%pericoronal soft tissue coverage,at a pressure of 45 psi,the precision pericoronal flushing group demonstrated significantly higher cleaning rate when compared to the brushing and routine flushing groups(P<0.05).At 0%and 25%pericoronal soft tissue coverage,the precision pericoronal flushing and brushing groups exhibited significantly higher cleaning rates than the routine flushing group(P<0.05).Furthermore,at 75 psi,the precision pericoronal flushing group achieved a significantly higher cleaning rate across all 4 levels of pericoronal soft tissue coverage than both the routine flushing and brushing groups(P<0.05).Notably,the precision pericoronal flushing group at 75 psi obtained significantly higher cleaning rate than at 45 psi across 0%,25%,and 50%pericoronal soft tissue coverage(P<0.05).Conclusion The precision pericoronal irrigation device demonstrates significantly superior cleaning efficacy for vertically impacted mandibular third molars compared to conventional irrigation devices and manual tooth brushing.It is an effective device for preventing and treating pericoronitis.