Objective: To understand current state of physical health levels of first year students in different body mass index (BMI) categories in Ningxia universities, and to explore the correlation between BMI and physical fitness index (PFI), so as to provide a reference for enhancing physical health levels of university students. Methods: In November 2024, physical fitness test data from 16 631 first year students across four universities in Yinchuan City, Ningxia from 2019 to 2023 were collected by adopting convenience and stratified cluster random sampling methods. The PFI was calculated using the Z score of the physical fitness test results, and a nonlinear quadratic model was established via least squares regression to examine the relationship between BMI and PFI among university students. Results: The BMI for males was (21.69±3.53)kg/m 2, while for females was (20.78±2.94)kg/m 2. The composite score for males physical fitness (69.86±9.25) was lower than that for females (72.24± 8.15 ), with a statistically significant difference ( t =-17.54, P <0.01). Moreover, the failure rates of various physical fitness indicators (vital capacity, sit and reach, standing long jump, pull ups/1 minute sit ups, 1 000 m/800 m run) were higher among males than females ( χ 2=103.48, 72.45, 14.38, 5 134.85, 188.89, all P <0.01). Comparisons across BMI categories revealed that among males, the normal weight group outperformed other groups in the 50 m sprint, standing long jump, 1 000 m sprint, composite score, and PFI ( F =89.17, 113.90, 179.02, 573.35, 593.08); among female students, the normal weight group outperformed other groups in the 50 m sprint, sit and reach, 800 m run, composite score, and PFI ( F =10.67, 19.58 , 96.45, 294.05, 183.45) (all P <0.01). The relationship between BMI and PFI among first year students exhibited a parabolic change trend, students with a moderate BMI demonstrated higher PFI, and as BMI increased, PFI decreased (all P <0.01). Conclusions The physical health level of male students in Ningxia universities is lower than that of female students. There is a correlation between BMI classification and PFI. Tailored intervention measures should be implemented according to the physical characteristics of students across different genders and BMI classifications to enhance university students physical health.

Pulmonary hypertension （PH） is a severe and rare chronic cardiopulmonary disorder for which existing vasodilator therapies can only alleviate symptoms， rather than target or fundamentally reverse the disease. Additionally， the long-term prognosis remains poor. Recent studies have found that some novel anti-tumor drugs （NADs） can relieve PH， such as imatinib， gefitinib， sorafenib， olaparib， piperacillin， everolimus， rituximab， etc. However， some NADs can induce PH or exacerbate its symptoms， including dasatinib， lorlatinib， carfilzomib， bevacizumab， trastuzumab， nivolumab， etc. The effects of lapatinib， ruxolitinib， and bortezomib on PAH are controversial. Individualized medication should be adopted in clinical practice when using NADs for treatment， with close monitoring being essential.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of reduced tear secretion in depression-related dry eye rats based on 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5.METHODS:Healthy SD male rats were established with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)method to establish a depression-induced dry eye model(n=8), and the control group was blank rats(n=8). The ELISA method was used to compare the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in serum and hippocampal tissue of the two groups, and the HE sections of lacrimal gland and AQP5 immunohistochemistry were observed. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland tissue of the two groups of rats.RESULTS:The tear secretion in the depression-induced group was significantly reduced(P=0.001), the serum and hippocampal 5-HT levels were significantly reduced(all P<0.05), the expression of AQP5 antibody in the lacrimal gland immunohistochemistry was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.001), the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland was significantly reduced(all P<0.05), and no obvious inflammatory cells were found in the lacrimal gland tissue sections.CONCLUSION:Depression-related dry eye may occur through a non-inflammatory 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5 mechanism.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of reduced tear secretion in depression-related dry eye rats based on 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5.METHODS:Healthy SD male rats were established with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)method to establish a depression-induced dry eye model(n=8), and the control group was blank rats(n=8). The ELISA method was used to compare the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in serum and hippocampal tissue of the two groups, and the HE sections of lacrimal gland and AQP5 immunohistochemistry were observed. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland tissue of the two groups of rats.RESULTS:The tear secretion in the depression-induced group was significantly reduced(P=0.001), the serum and hippocampal 5-HT levels were significantly reduced(all P<0.05), the expression of AQP5 antibody in the lacrimal gland immunohistochemistry was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.001), the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland was significantly reduced(all P<0.05), and no obvious inflammatory cells were found in the lacrimal gland tissue sections.CONCLUSION:Depression-related dry eye may occur through a non-inflammatory 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5 mechanism.

Objective : To investigate the diagnostic value of linear array endoscopic ultrasonography ( EUS) for common bile duct microlithiasis． Methods : Data of patients who attended in the hospital and diagnosed as common bile duct microlithiasis and biliary sludge by EUS were selected．A total of 85 patients with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( MRCP) examination and ERCP treatment during hospitalization were enrolled．The results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography / endoscopic sphincterotomy ( ERCP / EST) were the gold standard for diagnosis．The results of EUS，MRCP，and diagnostic ERCP were compared with the gold standard， and the sensitivity，specificity，positive predictive value，negative predictive value，and diagnostic accuracy of the three methods were calculated，respectively．The chi-square test was used for comparison of the above indices． Results : Of all 85 patients，63 had positive EUS results，among whom 5 had false positive results; 22 had negative EUS results，among whom 1 had false negative results．Of all 85 patients，49 had positive MRCP results，among whom 4 had false positive results; 36 had negative MRCP results，among whom 14 had false negative results．Of all 85 patients，59 had positive diagnostic ERCP results，among whom 10 had false positive results; 26 had negative diagnostic ERCP results，among whom 10 had false negative results．The sensitivity，specificity，positive predictive value( PPV) ，negative predictive value ( NPV) ，and accuracy of EUS in diagnosing common bile duct microlithia- sis were 98. 3% ，80. 8% ，92. 1% ，95. 4% and 92. 9% ，respectively． For MRCP，these values were 76. 3% ， 84. 6% ，91. 8% ，61. 1% and 78. 8% ，respectively．For diagnostic ERCP，these values were 83. 1% ，61. 5% ， 83. 1% ，61. 5% and 76. 5% ，respectively．The EUS group had a significantly higher accuracy than the MRCP group ( χ2 = 6. 986，P ＜0. 05) and diagnostic ERCP group ( χ2 = 8. 900，P ＜0. 05) ．The areas under the ROC curves ( AUC) and 95% CI of EUS group，MRCP group and diagnostic ERCP were 0. 895 ( 95% CI: 0. 802 - 0. 988，P＜0. 001) ，0. 804 ( 95% CI: 0. 702 －0. 907，P ＜0. 001) and 0. 723 ( 95% CI: 0. 598 －0. 848，P = 0. 001) ，respectively． Conclusion EUS has a high diagnostic value in the diagnosis of common bile duct microli- thiasis and thus can be used as the preferred examination before therapeutic ERCP．

Objective To analyze the serum levels of angiopoietin-like protein 4(ANGPTL4)and fibro-blast growth factor-21(FGF-21)in patients with acute cerebral infarction complicated with type 2 diabetes,and explore their relationships with disease condition and carotid plaque stability.Methods A total of 224 pa-tients with acute cerebral infarction complicated with type 2 diabetes admitted to this hospital from June 2019 to June 2022 were selected as the study group,and 224 healthy volunteers undergoing physical examinations in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.Serum ANGPTL4 and FGF-21 levels were detected by ELISA.The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)was used to evaluate the severity of the disease.Patients were divided into the mild group(n=84,NIHSS score<4 points),the moder-ate group(n=100,NIHSS score 4-15 points),and the severe group(n=40,NIHSS score>15 points).Ca-rotid plaque stability was assessed by color Doppler ultrasound,and patients were divided into the no-plaque group(n=44),the stable plaque group(n=71),and the unstable plaque group(n=109).Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum ANGPTL4 level and FGF-21 level.Spearman cor-relation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between serum ANGPTL4/FGF-21 levels and disease se-verity or carotid plaque stability.Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the influencing factors of acute cerebral infarction complicated with type 2 diabetes.Results The serum ANGPTL4 level in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),while the FGF-21 level was signifi-cantly higher(P<0.05).Serum ANGPTL4 levels decreased progressively in the mild,moderate,and severe groups(P<0.05),while FGF-21 levels increased progressively(P<0.05).Serum ANGPTL4 levels also de-creased progressively in the no-plaque,stable plaque,and unstable plaque groups(P<0.05),while FGF-21 levels increased progressively(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between serum ANGPTL4 and FGF-21 levels(r=-0.576,P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that ser-um ANGPTL4 level were negatively correlated with disease severity and carotid plaque stability(r=-0.561,-0.529;P<0.05),while serum FGF-21 levels were positively correlated with disease severity and carotid plaque stability(r=0.592,0.610;P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that low ANGPTL4 expres-sion and high FGF-21 expression were risk factors for acute cerebral infarction complicated with type 2 diabe-tes(P<0.05).Conclusion In patients with acute cerebral infarction complicated with type 2 diabetes,serum ANGPTL4 level is significantly decreased,while FGF-21 is significantly increased compared with healthy indi-viduals.Both factors are closely associated with disease severity and carotid plaque stability.

Intestinal stem cells(ISCs),locating at the base of intestinal crypts and pivotal in orchestrating the homeostasis and damage repair of the intestinal epithelium,are characterized by their self-renewal and multipotential differentiation capabilities.With the continuous discoveries of new ISCs and related markers,the ISC migration and regeneration model has been further improved,greatly promoting the research in related fields.Diet can regulate ISC glycolipid and energy metabolism through influencing the stem cell niche,subsequently modulating overall metabolism.This paper summarizes the biological features of both classical and newly discovered ISCs,and analyzes the effects of common nutrients and different dietary patterns on ISCs,hoping to provide insights for the precise nutrition prevention and treatment of chronic intestinal diseases.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of therapy focusing on regulating spleen and stomach for the treatment of acoustic hypersensitivity(AH),which also named as auditory hyperaesthesia,and to explore the relevant factors influencing the efficacy.Methods From January 2018 to December 2023,the patients admitted to the outpatient department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and diagnosed as AH with complete medical data were included as study subjects.Follow-up through telephone or network was carried out for those patients who with uncertain prognosis.The changes in the pre-and post-treatment scores of Indicators of Acoustic Hypersensitivity Severity(IAHS)were used as the reference index for efficacy evaluation,and the cure rate and effective rate were used as the efficacy analysis indexes for statistical analysis.And then the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)medical care combined with health care focusing on regulating spleen and stomach for the treatment of AH was evaluated.Furthermore,multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the relevant factors influencing the efficacy of AH.Results A total of 298 cases of AH patients meeting the inclusion criteria were collected,among which 151 cases(50.67%)were cured,22 cases(7.38%)were markedly effective,75 cases(25.17%)were effective,and 50 cases(16.78%)were ineffective,with a total effective rate of 83.22%(248/298).The univariate analysis results showed that eight factors(including post-treatment lifestyle score,range of lifestyle adjustment,severity of AH,duration of the disease,presence of tinnitus,presence of hearing drop,presence of vertigo,and age)had an influence on the efficacy,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01).However,the factors of gender,occupation,education level,and history of noise exposure had no influence on the efficacy(P>0.05).The multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that five factors,namely post-treatment lifestyle score,range of lifestyle adjustment,severity of AH,presence of vertigo and duration of the disease,had a significant correlation with the cure rate of AH(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and four factors,namely post-treatment lifestyle score,severity of AH,range of lifestyle adjustment and age,had a significant correlation with the effective rate of AH(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The method of TCM medical care and health care focusing on regulating spleen and stomach exerts a better efficacy for AH patients.And the lifestyle,severity of AH,duration of the disease,age,and presence of vertigo are the relevant factors affecting the outcomes,which is worthy of further in-depth study.

Objective:To investigate alterations in the immune lineage of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) at the single-cell transcriptome level and to elucidate its pathogenic mechanisms.Methods:Peripheral blood samples were collected from 5 T-LGLL patients before and after treatment (from June 2019 to December 2020) and 3 healthy controls at the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing libraries were prepared and sequenced using 10× Genomics technology. Differentially expressed genes in immune cells were compared between patients and healthy donors, followed by pathway enrichment analyses.Results:Profiling 67,237 immune cells revealed that, in T-LGLL: 1) Effector CD8+ T cells exhibited increased numbers, enhanced cytotoxicity, and greater proliferative capacity. Following effective immunosuppressive therapy, both the proliferative capacity and effector functions of these cells significantly decreased ( P<0.05). 2) The proportion of regulatory T (Treg) cells was reduced, accompanied by increased apoptosis. After effective immunosuppressive therapy leading to remission, Treg cell proportions increased, and apoptotic pathways were downregulated ( P<0.05). 3) Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) showed enhanced functionality. Monocytes and dendritic cells were enriched in antigen synthesis and presentation pathways, while B cells displayed increased antigen-binding capacity and were enriched in pathways related to T-cell activation ( P<0.05). 4) Natural killer (NK) cells exhibited attenuated cytotoxic function but demonstrated an enhanced regulatory capacity over T cells ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:T-LGLL patients present a characteristic immunological profile marked by an imbalance in immune homeostasis. This profile includes abnormal activation and expansion of effector CD8 + T cells, and a reduction in Treg cell numbers accompanied by functional impairment. Furthermore, APCs and NK cells were found to positively regulate T-lymphocyte activation, differentiation, and proliferation.