Objective:To analyze the relationship between clinical symptoms，BIG score，laboratory examination and the prognosis of children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI)，to determine the indicators associated with poor prognosis，in order to make early judgment for the prognosis of children with moderate to severe TBI.Methods:A total of 78 children with moderate to severe TBI were enrolled in the PICU of Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from January 2022 to January 2023. Clinical data，laboratory tests，BIG scores and Glasgow prognostic score were collected upon admission. The patients were followed up for 6 months and divided into poor prognosis group（Glasgow prognostic score1-3）and good prognosis group（Glasgow prognostic score4-5）based on the Glasgow prognostic score. The indicators related to poor prognosis were selected，and the efficacy of the indicators to predict the prognosis was analyzed and compared.Results:There were statistical differences among BIG score，hemoglobin，lactic acid，glucose，respiratory failure，and hypotension shock（ P<0.05）. The BIG score was an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis. The BIG score had the highest AUC value（0.820）among the four indices. The combined indices（BIG score，hemoglobin，lactic acid，glucose）had the highest AUC value（0.851）and had better performance for predicting the prognosis of moderate to severe TBI in children than any of the four indexs alone. Conclusion:The BIG score can be an independent predictor of early outcome in children with moderate to severe TBI. The combination of BIG score，hemoglobin，lactic acid，and glucose has better performance for predicting the prognosis of moderate to severe TBI in children than any of the four indices alone.

Objective:To analyze the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening status and the resulting residual risk (RR) among blood donors across 17 provincial blood centers in China.Methods:This study used a cross-sectional study. Data on HIV infection markers per 100 000 first-time donors (FD) and repeat donors (RD) from January 2015 to December 2024 were extracted from the National Blood Establishment Performance Comparison Information Management System. Questionnaires were used to collect each center′s HIV screening strategy, algorithm, serological test (ST) kit manufacturers, gray-zone setting for ST, and nucleic acid test (NAT) modality, method, and platform. The incidence-window-period model was used to calculate the residual risk for first-time donors (RR FD), repeat donors (RR RD), and total donors (RR TD) at each center. Horizontal and vertical analysis of RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD across centers and years were performed. Results:All 17 centers applied the same HIV screening strategy which was two rounds of ST followed by one round of NAT. Eight of them operated a single screening algorithm, six employed two algorithms and three used three. Eleven centers used both imported and domestic ST kits, five relied on domestic ST kits only, and one used imported ST kits only, while four centers never set a grey zone for ST throughout the decade. For NAT modalities, eight centers adopted both individual nucleic acid test (ID-NAT) and minipool nucleic acid test (MP-NAT), eight used MP-NAT only and one used ID-NAT only. Seven centers combined transcription mediated amplification (TMA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nine used PCR only and one used TMA only, and fourteen centers ran both imported and domestic NAT systems, two used imported systems only and one used a domestic system only. Over the ten-year period, the mean RR FD across the centers ranged from 2.22 to 12.33 per 10 6 person-years, RR RD from 0.83 to 3.29 per 10 6 person-years and RR TD from 1.59 to 9.29 per 10 6 person-years, with center Z4 consistently showing the lowest values for all three metrics and center U4 recording the highest RR FD and RR TD, while center D2 had the highest RR RD. In 2024 compared with 2015, eleven centers achieved a lower RR FD and ten centers achieved lower RR RD and RR TD. The RR FD and RR TD of centers W2 and U4 displayed pronounced fluctuations and an upward trend in recent years. Conclusions:The 17 provincial blood centers maintain consistent HIV screening strategies, while demonstrating variations in screening algorithm, ST kit manufacturers, NAT modalities, methods, and platform. And the RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD differ across centers. Although most centers show declining trend in RR over the ten-year period, some centers exhibite data fluctuations with a rising trend, suggesting potential for further optimization of HIV screening protocols.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which electroacupuncture improves ocular surface inflammation in dry eye mice.Methods 30 SPF-grade healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a sham electroacupuncture group,a western medicine group and an electroacupuncture group,with 6 mice in each group.Mice in the blank group and other four groups were subcutaneously injected 200 μL of sterile physiological saline and 200 μL of scopolamine hydrobromide(0.5 mg dissolved in 0.2 mL of sterile physiological saline)at 8:00,11:00,14:00,and 17:00 every day for 35 consecutive days,respectively.From the 22nd day,mice in the sham electroacupunc-ture group were given blunt scalp acupuncture intervention at bilateral Jingming and Taiyang points,without subcutaneous penetration.In the western medicine group,fluorometholone eye drops were applied to both eyes of the mice at 8:00,13:00,and 18:00 daily,with 1 drop each time.Mice in the electroacupuncture group were given electroacupuncture in-tervention,with the same acupoint location and acupuncture time as the sham electroacupuncture group.The electroacu-puncture frequency was 2 Hz/20 Hz,the waves were sparse-dense and the intensity was 1 mA,once a day for 15 min.All groups were intervened for 14 days.The corneal fluorescein(FL)staining scores of mice in each group were detected be-fore modeling,after modeling,and after intervention.The corneal tissue morphology was observed under a light micro-scope.Immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)and receptor for advanced glyca-tion end products(RAGE)in the cornea,respectively.Results The FL scores of mice in model,sham electroacupunc-ture,western medicine,and electroacupuncture groups all significantly increased after modeling and intervention,com-pared with those before modeling(all P＜0.01).The FL scores of mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups significantly decreased after intervention,compared with those after modeling(both P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,electroacupuncture and western medicine groups showed a significant drop in FL score after intervention(both P＜0.01).HE staining showed that after intervention,mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups had a basically normal number of corneal epithelial layers,no obvious shedding of epithelial cells,and neatly arranged and slightly swollen collagen fibers in the stromal layer.The relative protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(allP＜0.01).The rela-tive protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture mitigates corneal epithelial injury,reduces the expression of HMGB1 in the cor-neal tissue,inhibits the binding of HMGB1 and RAGE,and ultimately alleviates ocular surface inflammation responses of dry eye mice.

Objective To investigate the vasodilatory effect of luteolin on isolated denuded-endothelium rat thoracic aorta(DRTA)vascular rings,and the mechanistic role of the Kv7 ion channel.Methods The tension of DRTA vascular rings was measured using an ex vivo tissue perfusion muscle-tone detection system.DRTA vascular rings were pre-contracted with 60 mmol/L KCl or 0.3 μmol/L U46619,and the effect of luteolin on vascular-ring relaxation was observed at 1,3,10,30,100 and 300 μmol/L.The effects of 4-AP,XE-991,and ML213 on luteolin-induced vasodilation were also observed.The effect of luteolin on KCNQ1-KCNQ5 expression in the thoracic aorta was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Expression levels of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 proteins in the DRTA were detected by Western blot.Results(1)The luteolin-induced maximum vasodilation rates in DRTA pre-contracted with 60 mmol/L KCl and 0.3 μmol/L U46619 were(97.67±8.51)％and(98.42±9.76)％,respectively.The vasodilation effect was concentration-dependent(P＜0.05).(2)4-AP(3 mmol/L)significantly reduced the vasodilatory effect of luteolin on DRTA vascular rings at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),and XE-991(3 μmol/L)significantly reduced the effect of luteolin at 30 and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),while ML213(1 μmol/L)significantly enhanced the vasodilatory effect of luteolin at 3,10,and 30 μmol/L(P＜0.05).(3)The relative gene expression levels of each subtype of Kv7 channel in normal DRTA were KCNQ1＞KCNQ5＞KCNQ4＞KCNQ3＞KCNQ2,with KCNQ1 being the most highly expressed.(4)Luteolin significantly enhanced the expression levels of KCNQ1 at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L,KCNQ2 at 1,3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),KCNQ3 at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L,and KCNQ4 at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),but did not significantly enhance the expression of KCNQ5 at 1,3,10,30,or 100 μmol/L(P＞0.05).(5)Luteolin significantly increased the expression of Kv7.1 protein in DRTA at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05)and the expression of Kv7.4 at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05).Conclusions Luteolin-induced dilation of DRTA vascular rings may be related to the enhanced gene expression of KCNQ1-4 and increased expression of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 channel proteins.

Objective:To explore the gaze characteristics towards emotional portraits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),in order to reveal their potential unique patterns of emotional cognition.Methods:A case-control design was employed,including 81 children diagnosed with the DSM-5 ADHD and 57 normal control(NC)children.Emotional images from the Chinese Children's Emotional Image Library were used as stimuli.The Tobii Pro X3-120 eye-tracking device was utilized to record fixation count(FC)and fixation duration percentage(FDP)under a free-viewing paradigm.Mixed-effects ANOVA was applied to explore the effects of group,gaze region(eyes and mouth),and emotional attributes on gaze characteristics,controlling for gen-der and age.Results:The FC and FDP of ADHD children were lower than those of NC children,particularly in the eye region of non-negative emotional images(P＜0.05).However,no significant differences were observed be-tween the two groups when viewing negative emotional images(sadness and anger)(P＞0.05).NC children ex-hibited a significant emotional bias effect in their gaze behavior towards emotional portraits(P＜0.05),whereas ADHD group showed only slight differences between non-negative emotional images(adjusted P＜0.05),indica-ting a weaker overall emotional attention bias.Conclusion:Children with ADHD display reduced attention to non-negative emotional expressions and a diminished emotional attention bias,suggesting potential deficits in emotional processing during face perception.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between clinical symptoms，BIG score，laboratory examination and the prognosis of children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI)，to determine the indicators associated with poor prognosis，in order to make early judgment for the prognosis of children with moderate to severe TBI.Methods:A total of 78 children with moderate to severe TBI were enrolled in the PICU of Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from January 2022 to January 2023. Clinical data，laboratory tests，BIG scores and Glasgow prognostic score were collected upon admission. The patients were followed up for 6 months and divided into poor prognosis group（Glasgow prognostic score1-3）and good prognosis group（Glasgow prognostic score4-5）based on the Glasgow prognostic score. The indicators related to poor prognosis were selected，and the efficacy of the indicators to predict the prognosis was analyzed and compared.Results:There were statistical differences among BIG score，hemoglobin，lactic acid，glucose，respiratory failure，and hypotension shock（ P<0.05）. The BIG score was an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis. The BIG score had the highest AUC value（0.820）among the four indices. The combined indices（BIG score，hemoglobin，lactic acid，glucose）had the highest AUC value（0.851）and had better performance for predicting the prognosis of moderate to severe TBI in children than any of the four indexs alone. Conclusion:The BIG score can be an independent predictor of early outcome in children with moderate to severe TBI. The combination of BIG score，hemoglobin，lactic acid，and glucose has better performance for predicting the prognosis of moderate to severe TBI in children than any of the four indices alone.

Objective:To explore the impact of National Metabolic Management Center (MMC) mode on the metabolic indexes in different age patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A prospective study method was used. A total of 798 T2DM patients underwent the MMC mode management in Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District from May 2021 to August 2024 were selected. The patients followed the MMC one-stop diagnosis and treatment management service standards to enter the registration, treatment, examination and follow-up processes. The average follow-up time was 12.0 months. The glucose and lipid metabolism indexes, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) before intervention and after receiving the intervention by MMC were measured. The glucose and lipid metabolism indexes included triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. The control rates of blood glucose, blood lipid, blood pressure and BMI were calculated after intervention.Results:The triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin after intervention in patients with T2DM were significantly lower than those before intervention: (1.75 ± 1.63) mmol/L vs. (2.08 ± 1.74) mmol/L, (4.37 ± 1.11) mmol/L vs. (4.88 ± 1.24) mmol/L, (2.47 ± 0.92) mmol/L vs. (2.92 ± 0.98) mmol/L, (6.54 ± 1.71) mmol/L vs. (8.12 ± 3.05) mmol/L, (9.04 ± 3.49) mmol/L vs. (12.10 ± 5.28) mmol/L and (6.89 ± 1.23)% vs. (8.85 ± 2.31)%, the HDL-C after intervention was significantly higher than that before intervention: (1.21 ± 0.31) mmol/L vs. (1.13 ± 0.29) mmol/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The control rates of blood lipid and blood glucose after intervention in patients with T2DM were significantly higher than those before intervention: 54.6% (436/798) vs. 37.3% (298/798) and 62.0% (495/798) vs. 26.1% (208/798), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01); there were no statistical differences in the control rates of BMI and blood pressure before intervention and after intervention ( P>0.05). In T2DM patients with age <50 years and from 50 to 59 years, the triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin after intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention, the HDL-C after intervention was significantly higher than that before intervention, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05 or <0.01); the control rates of blood lipid and blood glucose after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention, the patients with <50 years: 44.5% (114/256) vs. 27.7% (71/256) and 76.6% (196/256) vs. 28.9% (74/256), the patients with 50 to 59 years: 54.8% (86/157) vs. 28.0% (44/157) and 66.9% (105/157) vs. 24.8% (39/157), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01); there were no statistical differences in the control rates of BMI and blood pressure between before intervention and after intervention ( P>0.05). In T2DM patients with age from 60 to 69 years, the triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin after intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05 or <0.01); there was no statistical differences in HDL-C before intervention and after intervention ( P>0.05); the control rates of blood lipid and blood glucose after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention: 59.0% (177/300) vs. 47.3% (142/300) and 53.3% (160/300) vs. 25.7% (77/300), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01); there were no statistical differences in the control rates of BMI and blood pressure before intervention and after intervention ( P>0.05). In T2DM patients with aged ≥70 years, the total cholesterol, LDL-C, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin after intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05 or <0.01); there were no statistical difference in triacylglycerol, HDL-C and fasting blood glucose between before intervention and after intervention ( P>0.05); the control rate of blood glucose after intervention was significantly higher than that before intervention: 48.2% (41/85) vs. 22.4% (19/85), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.01); there were no statistical differences in the control rates of BMI, blood pressure and blood lipid between before intervention and after intervention ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The intervention based on MMC mode management could effectively improve the glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with T2DM, especially for patients with aged <70 years. However, additional health guidance is needed for patients with aged ≥ 70 years to further enhance their health benefits.

This paper expounds the origin and development of the thought of circular movement,summarizes its core and application ideas.It attempts to generalize the pathogenesis of chronic cough and asthma from the perspective of"non-circular movement",and explores the mechanism of Bazhen Decoction in treating chronic cough and asthma.In specific clinical practice,it is emphasized that based on the use of Bazhen Decoction,a comprehensive analysis and adjustment of the prescription should be carried out from aspects such as"qi and blood,yin and yang,deficiency and excess,qi movement"to achieve better therapeutic effects.

Objective:To analyze the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening status and the resulting residual risk (RR) among blood donors across 17 provincial blood centers in China.Methods:This study used a cross-sectional study. Data on HIV infection markers per 100 000 first-time donors (FD) and repeat donors (RD) from January 2015 to December 2024 were extracted from the National Blood Establishment Performance Comparison Information Management System. Questionnaires were used to collect each center′s HIV screening strategy, algorithm, serological test (ST) kit manufacturers, gray-zone setting for ST, and nucleic acid test (NAT) modality, method, and platform. The incidence-window-period model was used to calculate the residual risk for first-time donors (RR FD), repeat donors (RR RD), and total donors (RR TD) at each center. Horizontal and vertical analysis of RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD across centers and years were performed. Results:All 17 centers applied the same HIV screening strategy which was two rounds of ST followed by one round of NAT. Eight of them operated a single screening algorithm, six employed two algorithms and three used three. Eleven centers used both imported and domestic ST kits, five relied on domestic ST kits only, and one used imported ST kits only, while four centers never set a grey zone for ST throughout the decade. For NAT modalities, eight centers adopted both individual nucleic acid test (ID-NAT) and minipool nucleic acid test (MP-NAT), eight used MP-NAT only and one used ID-NAT only. Seven centers combined transcription mediated amplification (TMA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nine used PCR only and one used TMA only, and fourteen centers ran both imported and domestic NAT systems, two used imported systems only and one used a domestic system only. Over the ten-year period, the mean RR FD across the centers ranged from 2.22 to 12.33 per 10 6 person-years, RR RD from 0.83 to 3.29 per 10 6 person-years and RR TD from 1.59 to 9.29 per 10 6 person-years, with center Z4 consistently showing the lowest values for all three metrics and center U4 recording the highest RR FD and RR TD, while center D2 had the highest RR RD. In 2024 compared with 2015, eleven centers achieved a lower RR FD and ten centers achieved lower RR RD and RR TD. The RR FD and RR TD of centers W2 and U4 displayed pronounced fluctuations and an upward trend in recent years. Conclusions:The 17 provincial blood centers maintain consistent HIV screening strategies, while demonstrating variations in screening algorithm, ST kit manufacturers, NAT modalities, methods, and platform. And the RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD differ across centers. Although most centers show declining trend in RR over the ten-year period, some centers exhibite data fluctuations with a rising trend, suggesting potential for further optimization of HIV screening protocols.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of anxiety and depression in prostate cancer patients after castration, and establish a risk prediction model.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 60 prostate cancer patients treated in Xi′an People′s Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022. The patients were divided into a training group ( n=42) and a validation group ( n=18) at a ratio of 7∶3. The patients received surgical castration and medical castration. One month after castration, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the anxiety symptoms and depression levels of the patients, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors for negative emotions in prostate cancer patients after castration, and a risk prediction model was established. Results:In the training group, 19 patients had a SAS score ≥50, and 21 patients had an SDS score ≥50. Based on these scores, the training group was divided into a negative emotion group ( n=19) and an emotional stability group ( n=23). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, castration scheme, and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score were independent influencing factors for negative emotions in prostate cancer patients after castration ( OR=3.589, 3.364, 5.912, all P<0.05). In both the training group and the validation group, the risk scores of patients with negative emotions were significantly higher than those with emotional stability. In the training group, the area under the curve (AUC) of the risk prediction model for predicting negative emotions was 0.747, with a specificity of 71.02% and a sensitivity of 66.11%; in the validation group, the AUC, specificity, and sensitivity were 0.761, 66.59%, and 76.21%, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that χ 2 was 4.285 6, P value was 0.830, and the c-index was 0.773(0.692-0.854). The calibration curve showed that the predicted curve was basically consistent with the actual curve, indicating that the prediction model had good discriminative ability and accuracy. Decision curve analysis showed that the model had high clinical significance. Conclusions:Marital status, castration scheme, and postoperative VAS score are important factors affecting anxiety and depression in prostate cancer patients after castration, and the regression model can successfully predict the risk of negative emotions.