ObjectiveTo establish a regional risk assessment system for hospital-acquired infections in neurosurgery department of general hospital, and to evaluate its prevention and control effectiveness. MethodsFailure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) was used to identify the core risk factors for infections in neurosurgery department. The risk priority number (RPN) of each risk factor was calculated to determine the priority intervention targets. Targeted interventions were developed and continuously refined through the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycles. Data from January to June 2023 (control group) and July to December 2023 (intervention group) were collected to compare the differences in environmental hygiene monitoring qualification rate, incidence rate of hospital-acquired infections among inpatients, and detection rate of bacterial antimicrobial resistance. ResultsHigh-risk factors for hospital-acquired infections in neurosurgery department included patient-related risk factors, inadequate implementation of isolation measures for special infections, and poor compliance with surgical site infection (SSI) prevention protocols. After intervention, the environmental hygiene qualification rate significantly increased from 81.55% to 100.00% (χ²=120.49, P<0.001). The overall hospital-acquired infection rate among inpatients decreased from 2.62% to 2.45%, the infection rate of per case declined from 3.12% to 2.84%, and the detection rate of multidrug-resistant organism infections reduced from 43.72% to 36.79%. Additionally, antimicrobial utilization rate decreased from 48.75% to 42.53% (χ²=34.09, P<0.001). ConclusionThe FMEA-based risk assessment system can effectively identify critical infection risks in neurosurgery department, and targeted interventions can significantly improve infection prevention and control performance.

Bronchial asthma （BA） is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow limitation. Lung macrophages （LMs）， as important effector cells of the innate immune system， play an important role in recognizing and engulfing pathogens， clearing harmful particles， and regulating immune responses. LMs can be polarized to M1 （pro-inflammatory） or M2 （anti-inflammatory） in different immune environments and participate in promoting or inhibiting inflammatory response， as well as lung parenchyma injury and repair （airway remodeling）， playing a key role in the BA occurrence and development. Regulating the polarization balance of macrophages can not only inhibit the inflammatory response in the airway and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness， but also improve airway remodeling and immune regulation， reduce airway mucus secretion， and alleviate the clinical BA symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， especially polysaccharides and saponins， can regulate the polarization balance of M1/M2 macrophages. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds can balance the secretion of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors by staging treatment and targeting the polarization state of M1/M2 macrophages， inhibit inflammatory response in the airway， reduce airway remodeling， and improve the BA symptoms. This paper summarized the research progress on the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization by traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， aiming to provide scientific evidence for the precise targeted therapy of BA.

Bronchial asthma （BA） is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow limitation. Lung macrophages （LMs）， as important effector cells of the innate immune system， play an important role in recognizing and engulfing pathogens， clearing harmful particles， and regulating immune responses. LMs can be polarized to M1 （pro-inflammatory） or M2 （anti-inflammatory） in different immune environments and participate in promoting or inhibiting inflammatory response， as well as lung parenchyma injury and repair （airway remodeling）， playing a key role in the BA occurrence and development. Regulating the polarization balance of macrophages can not only inhibit the inflammatory response in the airway and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness， but also improve airway remodeling and immune regulation， reduce airway mucus secretion， and alleviate the clinical BA symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， especially polysaccharides and saponins， can regulate the polarization balance of M1/M2 macrophages. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds can balance the secretion of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors by staging treatment and targeting the polarization state of M1/M2 macrophages， inhibit inflammatory response in the airway， reduce airway remodeling， and improve the BA symptoms. This paper summarized the research progress on the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization by traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， aiming to provide scientific evidence for the precise targeted therapy of BA.

OBJECTIVE To explore an intelligent shelf management scheme aimed at enhancing the effective utilization rate of shelves and reducing the risk of dispensing errors for easily confused medicine， thereby facilitating the upgrade of intelligent shelf management in inpatient pharmacies. METHODS An intelligent positioning software based on the “five-level positioning” concept was designed using informational technology. Human-machine collaboration mode was adopted to optimize the shelf management process by integrating priority information， including pharmacological action， drug dosage， packaging color， injection drug type， and label style. Then， the effectiveness of the intelligent positioning software was evaluated comprehensively from multiple aspects such as shelf location arrangement effect， internal dispensing error rate and work experience. RESULTS Compared with the application of intelligent shelf management scheme （April-May， 2025）， the proportion of injectable drugs on the middle layer increased from 59.9% to 78.2% after the application of scheme （June-July， 2025）； the average internal dispensing error rate dropped from 0.098% to 0.049%. Intelligent positioning software ensured precise warehousing positioning， simplified management， reduced dispensing errors and achieved a good experience for pharmacists. In addition， the “intelligent positioning software for pharmaceutical shelf management”， developed based on the “five-level positioning” concept， had been granted one national computer software copyright. CONCLUSIONS In summary， the intelligent positioning software fully considers the actual work needs such as shelf capacity， drug dosage and distance between similar drugs. It can provide accurate prediction of pharmaceutical shelf and optimization scheme， basically achieving dual optimization of low error rate and high dispensing efficiency.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Trpc6 knockout on chronic lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in mice and its potential mechanisms. MethodsMale C57BL/6 wild-type （WT） mice and Trpc6 knockout （Trpc6^-/-） mice of the same background were randomly divided into four groups： WT control， WT+LPS （200 μg/kg）， Trpc6^-/- control， and Trpc6^-/-+LPS （200 μg/kg）. Group with LPS received intraperitoneal LPS injections for 21 consecutive days to induce chronic myocardial inflammatory injury. Cardiac ultrasound assessed changes in left ventricular ejection fraction （EF）， left ventricular shortening fraction （FS）， and cardiac output （CO）. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining and periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining were used to examine morphological alterations in myocardial tissue. Masson’s trichrome staining was used to assess myocardial fiber alterations； Western blot analysis was used to measure myocardial tissue expression of transient receptor potential calcium channel 6 （TRPC6）， NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome （NLRP3），absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome （AIM2）， Caspase-1， interleukin （IL）-6， and IL-1β in mouse myocardial tissue. ResultsCompared with the WT control group， the WT+LPS group exhibited decreased cardiac EF （P<0.01）， FS （P<0.01）， and CO （P<0.05）， along with significantly increased myocardial tissue damage， glycoprotein deposition， and fibrosis （P<0.01）. Further analysis revealed that compared with the WT control group， the WT+LPS group exhibited markedly increased myocardial tissue expression of TRPC6， NLRP3， AIM2， Caspase-1， IL-6， and IL-1β （P<0.01）. Compared with the WT+LPS group， mice in the Trpc6^-/- +LPS group exhibited elevated EF （P<0.01） and FS （P<0.05）， along with reduced myocardial tissue injury， glycoprotein deposition， and fibrosis （P<0.05）. ConclusionChronic LPS treatment can activate NLRP3/AIM2 inflammasomes through the up-regulation of TRPC6 expression， and then lead to chronic myocardial inflammatory injury and fibrosis， while Trpc6 knockdown can reduce myocardial inflammatory injury and fibrosis， and the mechanism is related to inhibiting the activation of NLRP3/AIM2 inflammasomes.

Objective To explore the effective induction scheme for differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) to insulin producing cell (IPC). Methods Different schemes of small molecule compound were used to induce the differentiation of ADMSC. The purity of cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and the morphological changes of cells were observed under the microscope. The quality, performance and insulin related indicators of cells were detected by hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. The maturity and activity of cells were detected by dithizone (DTZ) and diacetylfluorescein/propidium iodide staining. The induction effect of ADMSC differentiated into IPC was analyzed. Results The purity of ADMSC reached more than 99%, and the sphere forming properties of schemes Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were good. Cell induction mass, the expression effects of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MAFA) and insulin and C peptide of schemes Ⅰ were both better than those of other schemes. The DTZ staining depth may be related to IPC maturity, among which the number of apoptotic cells in scheme Ⅰ was significantly less than that of scheme Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Conclusions Induction scheme Ⅰ may improve the differentiation efficiency of ADMSC to IPC and lay a certain foundation for future clinical IPC transplantation applications.

Objective: To understand current state of physical health levels of first year students in different body mass index (BMI) categories in Ningxia universities, and to explore the correlation between BMI and physical fitness index (PFI), so as to provide a reference for enhancing physical health levels of university students. Methods: In November 2024, physical fitness test data from 16 631 first year students across four universities in Yinchuan City, Ningxia from 2019 to 2023 were collected by adopting convenience and stratified cluster random sampling methods. The PFI was calculated using the Z score of the physical fitness test results, and a nonlinear quadratic model was established via least squares regression to examine the relationship between BMI and PFI among university students. Results: The BMI for males was (21.69±3.53)kg/m 2, while for females was (20.78±2.94)kg/m 2. The composite score for males physical fitness (69.86±9.25) was lower than that for females (72.24± 8.15 ), with a statistically significant difference ( t =-17.54, P <0.01). Moreover, the failure rates of various physical fitness indicators (vital capacity, sit and reach, standing long jump, pull ups/1 minute sit ups, 1 000 m/800 m run) were higher among males than females ( χ 2=103.48, 72.45, 14.38, 5 134.85, 188.89, all P <0.01). Comparisons across BMI categories revealed that among males, the normal weight group outperformed other groups in the 50 m sprint, standing long jump, 1 000 m sprint, composite score, and PFI ( F =89.17, 113.90, 179.02, 573.35, 593.08); among female students, the normal weight group outperformed other groups in the 50 m sprint, sit and reach, 800 m run, composite score, and PFI ( F =10.67, 19.58 , 96.45, 294.05, 183.45) (all P <0.01). The relationship between BMI and PFI among first year students exhibited a parabolic change trend, students with a moderate BMI demonstrated higher PFI, and as BMI increased, PFI decreased (all P <0.01). Conclusions The physical health level of male students in Ningxia universities is lower than that of female students. There is a correlation between BMI classification and PFI. Tailored intervention measures should be implemented according to the physical characteristics of students across different genders and BMI classifications to enhance university students physical health.

Objective: To investigate the association between edentulism and the risk of social isolation in middle-aged and elderly populations, provide empirical evidence for formulating social isolation prevention and intervention policies targeting edentulous middle-aged and elderly populations. Methods: Data were derived from the baseline survey (2011) and three follow-ups (2013, 2015, 2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants were enrolled in the follow-up from the baseline. Those identified as socially isolated in any of the follow-up surveys conducted in 2013, 2015, or 2018 were considered to have reached the endpoint; otherwise, the follow-up was continued until the end of the 2018 survey; 9 870 individuals were ultimately included. Subjects were grouped by edentulism status. Chi-square test and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed using Stata 17.0. Results: During a median follow-up of 6.54 years, 1 800 cases of social isolation occurred, with an incidence rate of 18.23%（17.47%~18.99%）. Multivariate Cox regression showed that edentulism was associated with an increased risk of social isolation (HR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.03-1.42) after adjusting for confounders. Subgroup analysis revealed population heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of the results. Conclusion Edentulism is associated with an increased risk of social isolation in middle-aged and elderly adults.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine (DEX) pretreatment combined with intraoperative nalbuphine anesthesia on hemodynamics and recovery quality in patients undergoing transabdominal myomectomy.Methods:A total of 100 patients scheduled for elective transabdominal myomectomy at Mingguang People’s Hospital were selected from Jan. 2021 to Jan. 2025 were randomly divided into four groups ( n=25) : the control group (group C) received saline infusion before anesthesia induction; the low-dose (group D1), medium-dose (group D2), and high-dose DEX groups (group D3) received 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 μg/kg DEX, respectively. All patients followed a unified anesthesia induction and maintenance protocol. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters (MAP, HR) were monitored, and postoperative recovery time, Ramsay sedation score, and VAS pain score were assessed. Adverse reactions were recorded. Results:The medium-dose DEX group (group D2) demonstrated the best performance in hemodynamic stability, recovery quality, and adverse reaction control. Group D2 showed the smallest fluctuations in MAP and HR, the shortest recovery time (12.31±2.11 min), the lowest postoperative VAS score (2.11±0.82 points), and the lowest incidence of postoperative agitation (4.00%). The high-dose DEX group (group D3) exhibited excessive inhibition, leading to significantly higher incidences of hypotension (24.00%) and bradycardia (24.00%), as well as prolonged recovery time (20.12±3.52 min). The low-dose DEX group (group D1) showed limited effects, with no significant differences compared to the control group.Conclusion:Pretreatment with 1.0 μg/kg DEX combined with nalbuphine anesthesia provides the best clinical outcomes in transabdominal myomectomy, effectively stabilizing hemodynamics, optimizing recovery quality, and reducing adverse reactions. Insufficient or excessive doses may diminish its benefits.

Objective This study reveals the potential mechanism of electroacupuncture in alleviating the inflamma-tory injury of sensory nerves and alleviating the abnormal sensation on the ocular surface in type 2 diabetes rats with dry eye.Methods Healthy male SD rats were induced to establish type 2 diabetes dry eye rat model.Model rats were ran-domly divided into model group,electroacupuncture group,sham-acupuncture group,and fluorometholone group in the 12th week of the experiment.The blank group was established as well,and each group was intervened for 2 weeks.The corneal fluorescein sodium staining(FL),break-up time(BUT),phenol red thread test(PRT),corneal mechanical per-ception threshold(CTT)and blink frequency were measured in each group of rats.After sampling,the expression of neu-ronal injury markers,neuron specific enolase(NSE),neurofilament light chain protein Nf Light(NF-L),phosphorylated microtubule associated protein(Phospho-TAU),as well as inflammatory factors of cysteine protease-1(Caspase-1),inter-leukin-18(IL-18),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β),were observed in the trigeminal ganglion(TG)and spinal cord caudate nu-cleus(SpVc)of each group of rats.Results At the end of the 14th week,compared with the blank group,the FL of the model group,electroacupuncture group,sham-acupuncture group,and fluorometholone group significantly increased,while PRT and BUT significantly decreased.Moreover,the CTT and blink frequency of the model group,sham-acupuncture group,and fluorometholone group significantly decreased(all P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the electroacu-puncture group and the fluorometholone group showed a decrease in FL,as well as an increase in BUT,PRT,CTT,and blink frequency,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Compared with the electroacupuncture group,the sham-acupuncture group showed significantly higher FL along with significantly lower values in BUT,PRT,CTT,and blink frequency(all P＜0.05),while the fluorometholone group exhibited decreased FL,PRT,CTT,and blink frequency but in-creased BUT(all P＜0.05).Compared to the sham-acupuncture group,the fluorometholone group exhibited significantly lower FL,but higher BUT and PRT(all P＜0.01).In TG and Sp Vc,compared with the blank group,the expression of NSE,NF-L and Phospho-TAU increased in the model group and the sham-acupuncture group(all P＜0.05);compared with the model group,the expression of NSE,NF-L and Phospho-TAU significantly reduced in the electroacupuncture group(P＜0.01);compared with the electroacupuncture group,the expression of NSE,NF-L and Phospho-TAU increased in the electroacupuncture group and the expression of Phospho-TAU in the sham-acupuncture group also increased(P＜0.05);compared with the sham-acupuncture group,the expression of Phospho-TAU or NF-L significantly reduced in the fluoro-metholone group(all P＜0.05).The Western Blot results indicate that compared with the blank group,the protein expres-sion of Caspase-1,IL-1β,and IL-18 in TG and SpVc of the model group increased;moreover,the expression of Caspase-1 and IL-18 proteins in the sham-acupuncture group also increased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the ex-pression of Caspase-1,IL-1β,and IL-18 proteins in TG and SpVc reduced in the electroacupuncture group and the fluoro-metholone group,and the expression of IL-1 β proteins in TG and SpVc also reduced in the sham-acupuncture group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the electroacupuncture group,the expression of Caspase-1,IL-1 β,and IL-18 proteins in TG and SpVc increased in the sham-acupuncture group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the sham-acupuncture group,the expression of Caspase-1,IL-1 β,and IL-18 proteins in TG and SpVc reduced in the fluorometholone group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can effectively alleviate the abnormal ocular surface sensation of type 2 diabetes dry eye rats by alleviating the neuroinflammatory injury in TG and SpVc.