ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Gegen Qinliantang（GQT） improves skeletal muscle insulin resistance. MethodsThe db/m mice were used as the normal group， while db/db mice were assigned to a model group， low-dose （3.12 g·kg^-1）， medium-dose （6.24 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose （12.48 g·kg^-1） GQT groups， and a Western medicine group （semaglutide， 0.045 mg·kg^-1），n=6 in each group. All groups received corresponding interventions. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test （IPGTT）， intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test （IPITT）， and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining were used to evaluate insulin resistance and therapeutic efficacy. Serum lipid levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer， and apoptosis in skeletal muscle was assessed via TUNEL assay. Transcriptome sequencing combined with gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analyses was performed to identify differentially expressed genes （DEGs）. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to validate gene expression. Molecular docking was applied to evaluate the binding patterns between active components of GQT and key regulatory genes to elucidate pharmacological mechanisms. ResultsCompared with the model group， the medium-dose and high-dose GQT groups showed significantly reduced fasting blood glucose （FBG） levels （P<0.01）. Triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were markedly decreased （P<0.01）， while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） was significantly increased （P<0.01）. IPGTT， IPITT， and HE staining demonstrated that GQT enhanced insulin sensitivity and restored skeletal muscle morphology. GQT also alleviated apoptosis in skeletal muscle tissue. Transcriptome analysis revealed that GQT primarily affected biological processes such as oxidative phosphorylation， metabolic pathways， cellular processes， and protein binding. Real-time PCR results showed that CBR2， CDK6， F830016B08Rik， IL-1β， Rab27b， and COLEC12 were key regulatory genes. Molecular docking demonstrated that CBR2， IL-1β， Rab27b， and COLEC12 formed stable binding with the main active components of GQT. The therapeutic effects of high- and medium-dose GQT were comparable to those of the semaglutide group. ConclusionGQT improves skeletal muscle insulin resistance， potentially by regulating apoptosis as part of its underlying biological mechanism.

Objective To examine the potential causal associations between different dietary taste preferences and the risk of prostatitis, so as to provide reference for the primary prevention of this disease. Methods Summary-level genome-wide association study(GWAS)data on five taste preferences-sweet, sour, salty, bitter and spicy—were obtained from the GWAS, and GWAS data for prostatitis were sourced from the FinnGen database. The potential causal associations between the dietary taste preferences and risk of prostatitis were analyzed with MR. The inverse variance weighted(IVW)method served as the primary analytical approach. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test. Horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated via the MR-Egger intercept and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier(MR-PRESSO)tests. Leave-one-out analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)on the causal estimates. Results Preferences for sweet(OR=1.338, 95%CI:1.024-1.748, P=0.033)and salty(OR=1.356, 95%CI:1.092-1.684, P=0.006)tastes showed positive causal associations with the risk of prostatitis, whereas a preference for bitter taste was negatively associated(OR=0.638, 95%CI:0.416-0.978, P=0.039). No significant causal links were observed for sour or spicy taste preferences(P＞0.05). Sensitivity analyses and reverse MR analyses further supported the robustness of the findings.Conclusion Sweet and salty taste preferences may be potential dietary risk factors for prostatitis, while bitter taste preference could play a protective role. Further research is needed to elucidate these causal relationships, which may contribute to developing tailored dietary intervention strategies for prostatitis prevention.

Osteoarthritis （OA） is currently the most common type of joint degenerative disorder， typically characterized by cumulative onset at the affected sites and slow disease progression， posing a serious threat to the physical and mental health of the elderly population. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has long been a hot research area in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis， attracting widespread attention due to its high safety and low adverse reactions. In recent years， with the continuous emergence of new research technologies and methods， significant progress has been achieved in the application of omics technologies in osteoarthritis research. Omics technologies， with their high-throughput， dynamic， and comprehensive features， provide a new technical platform for identifying biomarkers with diagnostic potential， objectifying the syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM， and developing precise targeted therapies with TCM prescriptions. This study conducted searches in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and PubMed databases， with keywords such as "osteoarthritis"，"osteoarthritis （oa）"，and "genomics" for retrieval. It classified and analyzed publications based on their specific contents to elaborate on the recent application of omics technologies in osteoarthritis research and to summarize the research progress in TCM for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. This review aims to provide a basis for the diagnostic research on osteoarthritis and to offer new ideas and directions for expanding the research on TCM in preventing and treating osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis （OA） is currently the most common type of joint degenerative disorder， typically characterized by cumulative onset at the affected sites and slow disease progression， posing a serious threat to the physical and mental health of the elderly population. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has long been a hot research area in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis， attracting widespread attention due to its high safety and low adverse reactions. In recent years， with the continuous emergence of new research technologies and methods， significant progress has been achieved in the application of omics technologies in osteoarthritis research. Omics technologies， with their high-throughput， dynamic， and comprehensive features， provide a new technical platform for identifying biomarkers with diagnostic potential， objectifying the syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM， and developing precise targeted therapies with TCM prescriptions. This study conducted searches in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and PubMed databases， with keywords such as "osteoarthritis"，"osteoarthritis （oa）"，and "genomics" for retrieval. It classified and analyzed publications based on their specific contents to elaborate on the recent application of omics technologies in osteoarthritis research and to summarize the research progress in TCM for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. This review aims to provide a basis for the diagnostic research on osteoarthritis and to offer new ideas and directions for expanding the research on TCM in preventing and treating osteoarthritis.

Objective To explore the influence of intensified blood glucose control on the diaphragmatic function of patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Sixty-six sepsis patients admitted to the ICU of Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University from January to December 2024 were selected and divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table method,with 33 cases in each group.The experimental group received intensified blood glucose control,while control group received conventional blood glucose control.The diaphragm distance(DD)and diaphragm thickness fraction(DTF)of two groups of patients were continuously measured by bedside ultrasound,and the mechanical ventilation time,weaning outcome and hospital stay were recorded.Results With the prolongation of treatment time and mechanical ventilation time,the DD and DTF of both groups of patients showed an upward trend.There was no statistically significant difference in DD between two groups of patients at different times(P＞0.05).On the 4th and 6th days,the DTF of patients in experimental group was significantly greater than that in control group(P＜0.05).The weaning success rate of patients in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group(P=0.026).There was no statistically significant difference in mechanical ventilation time,ICU stay time and total hospital stay time between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).Conclusion Intensified control of blood glucose can improve diaphragmatic function of patients with sepsis in the ICU,increase the success rate of weaning from the ventilator,and has high safety.

Objective To explore the influence of intensified blood glucose control on the diaphragmatic function of patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Sixty-six sepsis patients admitted to the ICU of Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University from January to December 2024 were selected and divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table method,with 33 cases in each group.The experimental group received intensified blood glucose control,while control group received conventional blood glucose control.The diaphragm distance(DD)and diaphragm thickness fraction(DTF)of two groups of patients were continuously measured by bedside ultrasound,and the mechanical ventilation time,weaning outcome and hospital stay were recorded.Results With the prolongation of treatment time and mechanical ventilation time,the DD and DTF of both groups of patients showed an upward trend.There was no statistically significant difference in DD between two groups of patients at different times(P＞0.05).On the 4th and 6th days,the DTF of patients in experimental group was significantly greater than that in control group(P＜0.05).The weaning success rate of patients in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group(P=0.026).There was no statistically significant difference in mechanical ventilation time,ICU stay time and total hospital stay time between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).Conclusion Intensified control of blood glucose can improve diaphragmatic function of patients with sepsis in the ICU,increase the success rate of weaning from the ventilator,and has high safety.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a refractory subtype of breast cancer due to its resistance to various therapeutic strategies. In this study, we introduce a "brake-release and accelerator-pressing" approach to engineer a microneedle patch embedded with copper-doped Prussian blue nanoparticles (Cu-PB) and the ferroptosis inducer sorafenib (SRF) for raised chemodynamic (CDT)/photothermal (PTT) combination therapy against TNBC. Upon transdermal insertion, the dissolving microneedles swiftly disintegrate and facilitate the release of SRF. Under gentle external light exposure, copper ions (Cu²⁺) and iron ions (Fe³⁺) were liberated from Cu-PB. The direct chelation of Cu²⁺ and the indirect suppression by SRF, collectively attenuate glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) enzymatic function, destabilizing the cellular redox equilibrium (referred to as the "brake-release" strategy). The release of Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions instigates a Fenton/Fenton-like reaction within tumor cells, further yielding hydroxyl radicals and elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations (referred to as the "accelerator-pressing" strategy). This overwhelming ROS accumulation, coupled with the impaired clearance of resultant lipid peroxides (LPO), ultimately triggers a robust ferroptosis cell death response. In summary, this study presents an innovative combinatorial therapeutic strategy based on dual-ferroptosis induction for TNBC, implying a promising therapeutic platform for developing ferroptosis-centered treatments for this aggressive breast cancer subtype.

Objective To explore the correlation between the diameter of patients'autologous tendon and the prognosis of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction surgery.Methods From October 2018 to October 2023,82 patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery at Wuxi No.904 Hospital were selected.Based on whether complications occurred after the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery,they were divided into a group with good prognosis(n=64)and a group with poor prognosis(n=18).Performing univariate analysis on the prognosis of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between tendon diameter and prognosis.A multifactorial Logistic regression model was applied to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of ACL reconstruction and construct a nomogram.The diagnostic efficacy of tendon diameter on the prognosis of ACL reconstruction was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The results of the univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in gender and age between the two groups(P＜0.05).The tendon diameter and cross-sectional area in the group with a good prognosis were higher than those in the group with a poor prognosis(P＜0.05).Post-treatment,the Lysholm,Tegner,and IKDC scores in the group with a good prognosis were higher than those in the group with a poor prognosis(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the patient's tendon diameter and Lysholm,Tegner,and IKDC scores(r=0.417,0.411、0.446,P＜0.05).Logistic analysis indicated that gender,age,tendon diameter,and tendon cross-sectional area are factors affecting the prognosis of ACL reconstruction(P＜0.05).The ROC curve results showed that the combined diagnostic effect of gender,age,tendon diameter,and cross-sectional area is significantly better than any single factor alone.Conclusion There is a significant correlation between the patient's autologous tendon diameter and the prognosis of ACL reconstruction surgery.An increase in autologous tendon diameter enhances knee joint function and improves patient prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of single-incision plus one-port three dimensional (3D) laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (SILPD+1).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 40 patients who underwent 3D laparos-copic pancreaticoduodenectomy in Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January to October 2023 were collected. There were 24 males and 16 females, aged (63±10)years. Of the 40 patients, 18 cases undergoing SILPD+1 were divided into the SILPD+1 group, and 22 cases under-going conventional five-trocar 3D laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (CLPD) were divided into the CLPD group. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations and complications. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the independent t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the Mann-Whitney rank sum test. Results:(1) Surgical situa-tions. Seventeen patients of the SILPD+1 group completed surgery successfully, and the rest of one patient with an inflammatory mass of the pancreatic head was converted to open surgery due to unclear boundary with mesenteric blood vessels and severe adhesion of surrounding tissues. All patients of the CLPD group completed surgery successfully, without conversion to open surgery. There was no significant difference in conversion to open surgery between the two groups ( P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in the volume of intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion or operation time ( P>0.05). (2) Postoperative situations and complications. There was no significant difference in tumor diameter, the number of lymph node dissected, the number of positive lymph node, R 0 resection, tumor type, time to postoperative first flatus, time to postopera-tive first intake liquid food, tome to first out-of-bed activity, time to postoperative drainage tube removal, duration of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative bleeding, pancreatic fistula, chylous leakage, delayed gastric emptying, abdominal fluid collection, incision infection, classification of com-plications between the two groups ( P>0.05). Postoperative pain score of the SILPD+1 group and the CLPD group was 5.0(4.5,6.0) and 6.5(6.0,7.0), respectively, showing a significant difference ( Z=-3.61, P<0.05). Both groups of patients had no occurrence of biliary fistula or abdominal infection after surgery, and there was no readmission within 30 days after surgery or no death within 90 days after surgery. Conclusions:Compared with CLPD, SILPD+1 is safe and feasible, with less postoperative pain. While ensuring oncological outcomes, SILPD+1 does not increase surgical time, postoperative hospital stay, or incidence of postoperative complications.

Objective:This study aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in the treatment of adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and evaluated the factors influencing its efficacy and side effects.Methods:A total of 198 patients with adult ITP who were admitted to Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between January 2018 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy of each starting dose of eltrombopag was evaluated, and adverse events were analyzed. The factors influencing efficacy were investigated, including sex, age, adult ITP type, platelet antibodies, and combined drug treatments.Results:Of the 198 patients, 70 males and 128 females with a median age of 45 years (18-88 years) were included; 130 (65.7%) had newly diagnosed adult ITP, 25 (12.6%) had persistent adult ITP, and 43 (21.7%) had chronic adult ITP. The bleeding event scores at baseline were assessed; 84.3% had scores of<4 and 15.7% had scores of ≥4. The eltrombopag response rate (initial response) at 6 weeks was 78.8% (complete response [CR]: 49.0%; CR1: 14.6%; CR2: 15.2%). The median response time to eltrombopag was 7 (7, 14) days. The initial response rates to 25, 50, and 75 mg eltrombopag were 74.1%, 85.9%, and 60.0%, respectively ( P=0.031). The initial response rate to the 50 mg dose was significantly higher than that of the 25-mg and 75-mg doses. Two patients received 100 mg as the starting dose, and their initial response was 0. Regarding dose adjustment, 70.7% of the patients remained on the starting dose, 8.6% underwent dose adjustment to 50 mg, and 6.1% underwent dose adjustment to 75 mg. Another two patients underwent dose adjustment to 100 mg. After dose adjustment, the persistent response rates were 83.6%, 85.3%, and 85.7% for the 25-, 50-, and 75-mg doses, respectively, with no significant difference. After dose adjustment, the sustained efficacy rate for the 100-mg dose (4 patients) was 100.0%. After 6 weeks of treatment with eltrombopag, the overall bleeding score of patients with ITP decreased. The number of patients with a score of ≥4 decreased to 0, the number of patients with a score of<4 decreased, and there was no significant change in the number of patients with a score of 1-2. The most common adverse event associated with eltrombopag was impaired liver function (7.7%). No thrombosis events or other adverse events were observed. ITP type and number of megakaryocytes significantly affected the initial response to eltrombopag. The initial response rates to eltrombopag for newly diagnosed adult ITP, persistent adult ITP, and chronic adult ITP were 85.3%, 56.0%, and 76.2%, respectively ( P=0.003). For megakaryocytes, the initial response rates were 61.8%, 87.1%, and 84.3% ( P=0.009) for the decreased, normal, and increased megakaryocyte groups, respectively. Conclusion:Eltrombopag, as a second-line or higher treatment for adult ITP, has a rapid onset of action and good safety. The initial response rate is significantly higher with a dose of 50 mg than with a dose of 25 mg. Patients with newly diagnosed ITP and those with normal or increased megakaryocyte numbers have a higher initial response rate to eltrombopag.