BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that there is a close relationship between pyroptosis,inflammatory factors and osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of pyroptosis and inflammatory factors on the pathogenesis of osteoporosis from the perspectives of osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastic differentiation,based on an overview of pyroptosis in relation to the interaction of relevant inflammatory factors.METHODS:The first author used the computer to search the literature published by each database until 2024,and searched CNKI,WanFang,VIP and PubMed databases with the search terms of"pyroptosis,inflammatory factors,osteoporosis,osteoblast,osteoclast,bone metabolism,signaling pathway,review"in Chinese and English.A total of 79 papers were finally included according to the inclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The progression of osteoporosis is closely related to inflammation,in which pyroptosis plays a key role.Immune cells induce pyroptosis through apoptosis pathway,promote the secretion of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-18,interleukin-1β and NLRP3,build an inflammatory immune microenvironment,and regulate bone metabolism through complex signaling pathways,resulting in enhanced bone absorption and reduced bone formation,thereby leading to osteoporosis.Previous studies have shown that inhibiting pyroptosis is anti-inflammatory and slows the progression of osteoporosis,and it has been shown to improve inflammatory bone loss in vitro and in animal models.At present,research on pyroptosis and osteoporosis is limited.On the one hand,the exact mechanism of osteoporosis and the pathogenesis of pyroptosis are unknown,and the specific pathways and regulatory mechanisms remain to be understood.On the other hand,therapeutic strategies targeting pyroptosis are still theoretical,not clinically proven,and drug side effects are unknown.In the future,the research focus is to further explore the pathogenesis,especially the mechanism of pyroptosis,identify potential therapeutic targets,further study the pyroptosis signaling pathway and Gasdermin protein,and develop new drugs to improve the therapeutic effect in patients with osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that there is a close relationship between pyroptosis,inflammatory factors and osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of pyroptosis and inflammatory factors on the pathogenesis of osteoporosis from the perspectives of osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastic differentiation,based on an overview of pyroptosis in relation to the interaction of relevant inflammatory factors.METHODS:The first author used the computer to search the literature published by each database until 2024,and searched CNKI,WanFang,VIP and PubMed databases with the search terms of"pyroptosis,inflammatory factors,osteoporosis,osteoblast,osteoclast,bone metabolism,signaling pathway,review"in Chinese and English.A total of 79 papers were finally included according to the inclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The progression of osteoporosis is closely related to inflammation,in which pyroptosis plays a key role.Immune cells induce pyroptosis through apoptosis pathway,promote the secretion of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-18,interleukin-1β and NLRP3,build an inflammatory immune microenvironment,and regulate bone metabolism through complex signaling pathways,resulting in enhanced bone absorption and reduced bone formation,thereby leading to osteoporosis.Previous studies have shown that inhibiting pyroptosis is anti-inflammatory and slows the progression of osteoporosis,and it has been shown to improve inflammatory bone loss in vitro and in animal models.At present,research on pyroptosis and osteoporosis is limited.On the one hand,the exact mechanism of osteoporosis and the pathogenesis of pyroptosis are unknown,and the specific pathways and regulatory mechanisms remain to be understood.On the other hand,therapeutic strategies targeting pyroptosis are still theoretical,not clinically proven,and drug side effects are unknown.In the future,the research focus is to further explore the pathogenesis,especially the mechanism of pyroptosis,identify potential therapeutic targets,further study the pyroptosis signaling pathway and Gasdermin protein,and develop new drugs to improve the therapeutic effect in patients with osteoporosis.

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a common joint disease in clinical practice,and cartilage damage is a typical pathological change.The pathogenesis of OA is complex,and various adverse factors can lead to the occurrence of OA.Mitochondria are im-portant organelles within cells and play important roles in cellular physiological and pathological activ-ities.Mitochondrial quality control is an important regulatory mechanism in the body to maintain nor-mal mitochondrial structure and function,mainly including mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial dynamics,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial oxidative stress,and other forms.The imbalance of mitochondrial quality control in chondrocytes is closely related to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis,and regulating the balance of mi-tochondrial quality control is a potential therapeu-tic point for osteoarthritis.The author reviewed rel-evant research literature in recent years to provide a review of the relationship between mitochondrial quality control and the occurrence and develop-ment of osteoarthritis,in order to provide new ideas and directions for the research and diagnosis and treatment strategies of osteoarthritis.

Objective To compare the efficacy and complications of cupric ion electrochemical therapy and selective suprahemorrhoid resection and stapling surgery for the treatment of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳhemorrhoids.Methods 204 patients with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ mixed hemorrhoids admitted to our hospital from September 2022 to October 2023 were included as the study subjects.They were divided into two groups using numerical method,with 102 cases in each group.The observation group received copper ion electrochemical therapy,while the control group received selective hemorrhoid mucosal resection and stapling surgery.Compare the surgical outcomes,efficacy,pain scores,anal function scores,quality of life index scores,and incidence of complications between two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in gender,age,hemorrhoid grade,surgical time,and hospitalization period between the observation group and the control group(P＞0.05),but the intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was less than that in the control group[(11.37±5.32)ml and(26.72±14.24)ml],and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The severity of pain in the observation group was lower than that in the control group on the 1st and 7th day after surgery(P＜0.05);There was no statistically significant difference in the Wexner anal incontinence scores between the two groups at 1 and 8 weeks after surgery(P＞0.05).The observation group had a better gastrointestinal quality of life index(GIQLI)score than the control group at 2 weeks after surgery[(20.92±4.63)and(26.77±5.03)scores,P＜0.05],and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 8 weeks[(4.38±0.90)and(4.68±1.41)mm,P＞0.05].The total incidence of postoperative complications in both groups was statistically significant(8.8％vs 20.6％,P＜0.05).An average follow-up of six months showed no recurrence.Conclusion Cupric ion electrochemical therapy for mixed hemorrhoids is safe,effective,and has no serious complications,providing a more convenient and minimally invasive treatment method.

OBJECTIVE: To study incident and clinical characteristics of the coronary microcirculation dysfunction (CMD) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and to explore the predictive value of CMD for in-hospital acute heart failure event. METHODS: One hundred and forty five patients with AMI who had received PCI and completed MCE during hospitalization in Peking University People' s Hospital from November 2015 to July 2021 were enrolled in our study. The patients were divided into CMD group and normal group according to the coronary microcirculation status detected by MCE. Clinical data and MCE data of the two groups were collected and analyzed. The acute heart failure event during hospitalization was described. A multivariate Logistic regression model was built to analyze the risk of acute heart failure in patients with CMD. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the value of CMD in predicting acute heart failure event. RESULTS: CMD detected by MCE occurred in 87 patients (60%). Compared with normal group, patients with CMD had higher troponin I (TnI) peak level [52.8 (8.1, 84.0) μg/L vs. 18.9 (5.7, 56.1) μg/L, P=0.005], poorer Killip grade on admission (P=0.030), different culprit vessel (P < 0.001) and more patients had thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow pre-PCI less than grade 3 in culprit vessel (65.1% vs. 43.1%, P=0.025). Meanwhile, patients with CMD had poorer left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [52% (43%, 58%) vs. 61% (54%, 66%)], poorer global longitudinal strain (GLS) [-11.2% (-8.7%, -14.0%) vs.-13.9% (-10.8%, -17.0%)] and worse wall motion score index (WMSI) (1.58±0.36 vs. 1.25± 0.24) (P all < 0.001). Acute left heart failure happened in 13.8% of the CMD patients, which were significant higher than that in the patients with normal coronary microcirculation perfusion (1.7%, P=0.013). After correcting for the culprit vessel, the TIMI flow pre-PCI in the culprit vessel and the peak TnI value, the risk of acute left heart failure in the patients with CMD was still high (OR=9.120, 95%CI: 1.152-72.192, P=0.036). The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.677 (95%CI: 0.551-0.804, P=0.035). CONCLUSION The incidence of CMD detected by MCE in patients with AMI post-PCI was 60%. Patients with CMD have a higher risk of acute left heart failure during hospitalization.
Humans ; Heart Failure/physiopathology* ; Microcirculation ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects* ; Myocardial Infarction/complications* ; Male ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Echocardiography ; Coronary Circulation ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Troponin I/blood*

High-performance phototheranostics with combined photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging have been considered promising approaches for efficient cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, developing phototheranostic materials with efficient photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), especially over the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm), remains challenging. Herein, we report an ultraefficient NIR-II-activated nanomedicine with phototheranostic and vaccination capability for highly efficient in vivo tumor elimination and metastasis inhibition. The NIR-II nanomedicine of a semiconducting biradical oligomer with a motor-flexible design was demonstrated with a record-breaking PCE of 87% upon NIR-II excitation. This nanomedicine inherently features extraordinary photothermal stability, good biocompatibility, and excellent photoacoustic performance, contributing to high-contrast photoacoustic imaging in living mice and high-performance photothermal elimination of tumors. Moreover, a whole-cell vaccine based on a NIR-II nanomedicine with NIR-II-activated performance was further designed to remotely activate the antitumor immunologic memory and effectively inhibit tumor occurrence and metastasis in vivo, with good biosafety. Thus, this work paves a new avenue for designing NIR-II active semiconducting biradical materials as a promising theranostics platform and further promotes the development of NIR-II nanomedicine for personalized cancer treatment.

Objective To establish a predictive nomogram model for diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)in elderly diabetic patients.Methods A total of 200 elderly patients with T2DM admitted to our hospital were enrolled in this study from January 2021 to October 2023.All the patients were divided into a simple T2DM group(n=160)and a T2DM combined with DPN(DPN,n=40)group.The general data and biochemical indexes were compared between the two groups.Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between clinical indicators and the occurrence of DPN in the elderly.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for DPN in the elderly,and a nomogram was constructed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the model.Results The DM duration,DR and HbA1c were higher(P<0.05),while HDL-C was lower in the DPN group than in the T2DM group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that elderly DPN were positively correlated with DR,DM duration and HbA1c(r=0.456,0.565,0.580,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with HDL-C(r=-0.542,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that DR(OR 1.035,95%CI 1.032～1.040),DM duration(OR 1.070,95%CI 1.045～1.080),HbA1c(OR 1.235,95%CI 1.156～1.280)and HDL-C(OR 0.895,95%CI 0.877～0.950)were both influencing factors for elderly DPN.A nomogram prediction model for elderly DPN was constructed based on DR,DM duration,HbA1c and HDL-C.ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve of this prediction model was 0.955,with a sensitivity of 92.50%,a specificity of 95.00%,and a cutoff value of 0.251.Conclusions The established predictive diagram model involves four variables,including DR,DM duration,HbA1c and HDL-C,which can assist the clinic to make an early assessment of DPN risk.

Objective To compare the biomechanical characteristics of novel retrograde intramedullary nail,common femoral retrograde intramedullary nail,and medial femoral condyle locking plate for treating distal femur type A fractures by finite element analysis,and study the advantages of retrograde intramedullary nail on medial femoral condyle.Methods A novel retrograde intramedullary nail on medial femur condyle was designed.CT scan was performed on lower limb bones of a male volunteer,and a three-dimensional(3D)model of the femur was established.The model was then segmented to create models of distal femur type A2 and A3 fractures.The 3D models of internal fixator were established.The small and standard retrograde intramedullary nail on medial femoral condyle,common femoral retrograde intramedullary nail,locking plate on medial femoral condyle were used for internal fixation on A2 type fracture.A3 type fracture was fixed with one of the above internal fixators combined with lateral condylar plate respectively.The 600 N axial load and 4 N·m torsional load were applied to the models.The displacement and stress of femurs,the displacement and stress of internal fixators,the micro-momentum between the internal fixator and the bone,the relative displacement of the two fracture broken ends were observed in each group.Results Among the A2 and A3 type fractures under axial loads,the correponding standard group and corresponding standard combined group had the smallest peak displacement and peak stress of internal fixation.Among the A2 and A3 type fractures under torsional loads,the correponding standard group and corresponding standard combined group had the smallest peak displacement of the femur and internal fixation.The relative displacement of the two broken ends in the standard combined group was the smallest.Conclusions Compared with femoral medial condylar locking plate and common retrograde intramedullary nail,this novel retrograde intramedullary nail on medial femur condyle has a mechanical advantage of reducing stress concentration and reducing the risk of internal fixation failure,and it can be used alone for distal femur type A2 fracture,or in combination with the lateral condylar plate to fix distal femur type A3 fracture.

An automatic epileptic seizure detection model based on multi-channel recurrence plots and SE-VGG16 is proposed to enhance the accuracy of automatic detection of epileptic seizures.Firstly,triaxial accelerometer is used to collect patients'motion signals as a substitute of electroencephalogram signals,and these signals are converted into two-dimensional images through recurrence plots and then subjected to multi-channel fusion for generating multi-channel recurrence plots.Subsequently,squeeze-and-excitation module is employed to improve VGG16,which enhances the network's adaptability to different channels and enables precise classification.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves the best performance across all indicators,attaining an accuracy of 99.3%,precision of 99.2%,recall rate of 98.9%,and F1-score of 99.0%.This model significantly boosts the accuracy and applicability of epileptic seizure detection,expands the potential of wearable devices for epileptic seizure monitoring in non-clinical settings,and provides a new technical pathway for epilepsy management and research.