The connection between tendons and bones is called the tendon bone connection. With the continuous improvement of national sports awareness, excessive exercises and the related intensity are prone to damage the tendon bone connection. Tendon bone healing is a complex repair and healing process involving multiple factors, and good tendon bone healing is a prerequisite for its physiological function. The complexity of tendon bone structure also poses great challenges to the repair of tendon bone injuries. In recent years, researches have found that stem cells, growth factors, macrophages, and other factors are closely related to the healing process of tendon bone injuries, among which macrophages play an important role in the healing process. The authors reviewed relevant research literature in recent years and summarized the role of macrophages in tendon bone healing, in order to provide new ideas and directions for treatment strategies to promote tendon bone healing.
Humans ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Wound Healing ; Animals ; Tendons/physiology* ; Bone and Bones/injuries* ; Tendon Injuries

Objective:To investigate the incidence of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) in urological inpatients during perioperation.Methods:The clinical data of 7 988 inpatients admitted to the Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The cohort included 5 657 males and 2 331 females. The average age of the enrolled patients was (56.3±15.8) years old, and the body mass index was (23.8±3.2) kg/m 2. There were 1 628 malignant tumors patients and 6 360 non-malignant tumors patients in the cohort. Of all the patients, 7 725 cases received surgical treatment. All patients were scored with the Caprini Risk Assessment Model (2005) after admission and 1 655 cases were classified as very low risk, 2 940 cases were low risk, 2 922 cases were medium risk, 345 cases were high risk and 126 cases were very high risk. Patients with Caprini score ≥ 2 and/or clinical symptoms were examined by venous color Doppler ultrasound. CT pulmonary angiography was performed for patients with chest pain, chest tightness, decreased blood oxygen saturation and other symptoms suspected of pulmonary embolism according to clinical judgment to screen the incidence of VTE. Results:Among the 7 988 cases, 180 cases (2.25%, 180/7 988) with VTE were found by preoperative examination, including 1 case (0.01%, 1/7 988) with pulmonary embolism. There were 199 new cases with VTE after operation, and the incidence of new VTE after operation was 2.58% (199/7 725). Among them, pulmonary embolism was found in 7 cases, with a incidence of 0.09% (7/7 725). Only 7.92% (30/379) of the VTE patients had VTE-related symptoms. The operations with higher incidence of VTE were radical cystectomy, nephroureterectomy, radical prostatectomy and radical nephrectomy, with the incidence of 11.61% (13/112), 10.87 (10/92), 8.25% (16/194) and 6.16% (22/357) respectively.Conclusions:The incidence of VTE in hospitalized patients with urinary surgery in this study is much higher than previously reported. Most of the patients with VTE are asymptomatic. The operations with high incidence of VTE after operation are radical cystectomy, nephroureterectomy, radical prostatectomy and radical nephrectomy. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out VTE screening for hospitalized patients in urology department, which is helpful to realize early intervention of VTE and reduce the risk of VTE progression and pulmonary embolism.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effectiveness of transverse antecubital incision in the treatment of failed closed reduction of Gartland type Ⅲ supracondylar humeral fractures (SHFs) in children. METHODS: Between July 2020 and April 2022, 20 children with Gartland type Ⅲ SHFs who failed in closed reduction were treated with internal and external condylar crossing Kirschner wire fixation through transverse antecubital incision. There were 9 boys and 11 girls with an average age of 3.1 years (range, 1.1-6.0 years). The causes of injuries were fall in 12 cases and fall from height in 8 cases. The time from admission to operation ranged from 7 to 18 hours, with an average of 12.4 hours. The healing of the incision and the occurrence of complications such as nerve injury and cubitus varus were observed after operation; the elbow flexion and extension range of motion after removing the gypsum, after removing the Kirschner wire, and at last follow-up were recorded and compared, as well as the elbow flexion and extension and forearm rotation range of motion at last follow-up between healthy and affected sides; the Baumann angle was measured on the X-ray film, and the fracture healing was observed. At last follow-up, the effectiveness was evaluated according to the Flynn elbow function evaluation criteria. RESULTS: All incisions healed by first intention, and there was no skin necrosis, scar contracture, ulnar nerve injury, and cubitus varus. Postoperative pain occurred in the radial-dorsal thumb in 2 cases. The gypsum was removed and elbow flexion and extension exercises were started at 2-4 weeks (mean, 2.7 weeks) after operation, and the Kirschner wire was removed at 4-5 weeks (mean, 4.3 weeks). All the 20 patients were followed up 6-16 months, with an average of 12.4 months. The fracture healing time was 4-5 weeks, with an average of 4.5 weeks, and there was no complication such as delayed healing and myositis ossificans. The flexion and extension range of motion of the elbow joint gradually improved after operation, and there were significant differences between the time after removing the gypsum, after removing the Kirschner wire, and at last follow-up ( P<0.017). There was no significant difference in the flexion and extension of the elbow joint and the forearm rotation range of motion between the healthy and affected sides at last follow-up ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in Baumann angle between the time of immediate after operation, after removing the Kirschner wire, and at last follow-up ( P>0.05). According to Flynn elbow function evaluation standard, 16 cases were excellent and 4 cases were good, the excellent and good rate was 100%. CONCLUSION The treatment of Gartland type Ⅲ SHFs in children with failed closed reduction by internal and external condylar crossing Kirschner wire fixation through transverse antecubital incision has the advantages of complete soft tissue hinge behind the fracture for easy reduction and wire fixation, small incision, less complications, fast fracture healing, early functional recovery, reliable reduction and fixation, and can obtain satisfactory results.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Calcium Sulfate ; Humerus ; Humeral Fractures/surgery* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Bone Wires ; Fracture Healing ; Treatment Outcome ; Range of Motion, Articular

Cell Cycle Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins

Objective:To determine the risk profile of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and evaluate VTE prophylaxis implementation of the hospitalized cancer patients in the DissolVE 2 study.Methods:The data of hospitalized cancer patients in the DissolVE 2 study were analyzed. The risk distribution of VTE, preventive measures and in-hospital VTE events of hospitalized patients with tumors were described by percentage and 95% confident interval (CI).Results:A total of 1 535 cancer patients were included. According to the Padua score, 826 (53.8%) patients were at low risk of VTE, while 709 (46.2%) patients were at high VTE risk. VTE events occurred in 4 low-risk patients (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.1%, 1.2%) and 5 high-risk patients (0.7%; 95% CI: 0.2%, 1.6%). The overall incidence was 0.6% (9/1 535, 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.1%). Among patients with high VTE risk, 666 (93.9%) did not receive any VTE prophylaxis, and only 11 (1.6%) patients received appropriate VTE prophylaxis. Among patients who received VTE prevention, no VTE event was observed. Conclusions:Nearly half of the hospitalized cancer patients are at high risk of VTE, but most of them don′t receive VTE prophylaxis. The results reflect the insufficient management of VTE risk for hospitalized cancer patients in China, and improvement of awareness and practice of VTE prophylaxis is urgently needed.

Objective:To determine the risk profile of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and evaluate VTE prophylaxis implementation of the hospitalized cancer patients in the DissolVE 2 study.Methods:The data of hospitalized cancer patients in the DissolVE 2 study were analyzed. The risk distribution of VTE, preventive measures and in-hospital VTE events of hospitalized patients with tumors were described by percentage and 95% confident interval (CI).Results:A total of 1 535 cancer patients were included. According to the Padua score, 826 (53.8%) patients were at low risk of VTE, while 709 (46.2%) patients were at high VTE risk. VTE events occurred in 4 low-risk patients (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.1%, 1.2%) and 5 high-risk patients (0.7%; 95% CI: 0.2%, 1.6%). The overall incidence was 0.6% (9/1 535, 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.1%). Among patients with high VTE risk, 666 (93.9%) did not receive any VTE prophylaxis, and only 11 (1.6%) patients received appropriate VTE prophylaxis. Among patients who received VTE prevention, no VTE event was observed. Conclusions:Nearly half of the hospitalized cancer patients are at high risk of VTE, but most of them don′t receive VTE prophylaxis. The results reflect the insufficient management of VTE risk for hospitalized cancer patients in China, and improvement of awareness and practice of VTE prophylaxis is urgently needed.

BACKGROUND: If high-intensity resistance training is used as a rehabilitation measure after musculoskeletal injury, it may be aggravated by factors such as pain. The blood flow restriction training can achieve high-intensity resistance training through low-intensity resistance training, which can accelerate the recovery of patients. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate the current situation of blood flow restriction training as a new way to accelerate musculoskeletal rehabilitation at home and abroad. METHODS: The first author searched the related studies on the musculoskeletal rehabilitation of blood flow restriction training included in PubMed, Cochrane Library and CNKI from January 2002 to October 2018. The keywords were "blood flow restriction training; Kaatsu training; low intensity resistance training; safety; musculoskeletal rehabilitation; knee osteoarthritis; patellofemoral pain; knee joint injury; ankle joint injury; quantitative difference" in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Blood flow restriction training, as a new treatment method, can reduce the training load and achieve the effect similar to the high-intensity resistance training by designing an individualized and precise rehabilitation scheme. Additionally, it can make the resistance training happen in advance due to its unique advantage, thus contribute to rapid rehabilitation. However, this method is mostly applied to lower limb injuries, and its feasibility for other parts still needs a further investigation.

Six patients with POEMS syndrome who received autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT) were retrospectively analyzed.Conditioning regimen was high dose melphalan.Peripheral blood stem cells were collected after mobilization with cyclophosphamide (CTX) and growth factors.One patient presenting hydrothorax and ascites was treated with 3 cycles of lenalidomide and dexamethasone before mobilization.Auto-PBSCT was fairly tolerable.Hematopoietic reconstitution was successful in all patients without transplantation-related mortality.A decrease or normalization of serum vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) was observed in all patients at 3 months after transplantation.The neurological remission was seen in 5/6 patients.

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are two important signaling molecules for natural bone repair that are widely applied in the field of bone tissue engineering. BMP-2 accelerates the maturation and mineralization of osteoblasts, and bFGF exhibits significant effects on the promotion of cell division and angiogenesis. The osteogenesis mechanism of BMP-2 differs from that of bFGF, leading to a potentially complementary role between the two proteins. The use of a suitable dose of bFGF in combination with BMP-2 in bone tissue engineering synergistically promotes the formation of new bone and exhibits a better repair effect than either single growth factor. However, the suitable dose range of BMP-2 and bFGF in combination should be further clarified. The mechanism of the synergism and antagonism between BMP-2 and bFGF must be further delineated, and a drug delivery system that better simulates the growth factor release pattern during natural bone repair remains to be designed.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation,neuroimaging characteristics and follow-up results of chorea associated with non-ketotic hyperglycemia (C-H-BG).Methods Clinical data of six patients with C-H-BG were analyzed retrospectively.Results The average age of the six patients (five female and one male) was 65.8±13.9 years,All patients had acute-subacute course.Patients presented with choreic movements involving facial muscles (n=6) and unilateral (n=5) or bilateral limbs (n=1).The average value of plasma glucose at admission was 9.21 ± 5.15 mmol/L.All patients had significantly elevated HbA1c (14.1 ±3.5％).The brain MRI T1 imaging from all patients showed hyperintensity in the basal ganglia,putamen,lenticular nucleus and caudate nucleus.SWI imaging revealed corresponding hypointensity signal in the basal ganglia in three patients.Two patients had severe stenosis of the MCA.Five patients were followed up for an average of 16.2 ±7.2 months.Three patients died.Conclusion The high T1 hypertense lesions in the basal ganglia are the mainly radiological feature of C-H-BG which may be accompanied by SWI hytointense signals in the basal ganglia.