ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide （NO） on the accumulation and quality formation mechanism of flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix. MethodsFresh roots of Scutellaria baicalensis were treated with sodium nitroprusside （SNP） solutions at concentrations of 0.0， 7.5， and 20 mmol·L^-1， respectively. Kits and supporting reaction systems were used to determine the following indicators of samples in each group， including （1） reactive oxygen species： changes in the content of nitric oxide （NO）， superoxide anion （O2-·）， and hydrogen peroxide （H₂O₂）， （2） lipid oxidation products： changes in the content of malondialdehyde （MDA）， （3） antioxidant enzymes： changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and peroxidase （POD）， and （4） metabolic key enzymes and metabolic intermediates： Changes in the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL） and the content of 1，3-diphosphoglycerate （1，3-DPG）. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to determine the changes in the content of secondary metabolites in flavonoids such as baicalin， wogonoside， baicalein， and wogonin in each group. ResultsCompared with that on day 0， during the treatment with 20 mmol·L^-1 SNP solution， the content of NO， O2-·， H₂O₂， and MDA in fresh roots of Scutellaria baicalensis increased significantly （P<0.01）， by 138.7%， 75.7%， 292.9%， and 140.3% respectively. The activity of SOD， CAT， and POD increased by 100.7%， 41.4%， and 70.4% respectively （P<0.01）， and that of PAL increased by 111.1% （P<0.01）. The content of the secondary metabolites baicalin and wogonoside remained basically unchanged， while that of baicalein and wogonin increased by 401.3% and 457.9% respectively （P<0.01）. The content of 1，3-DPG increased by 165.0% （P<0.01）. In the 7.5 mmol·L^-1 SNP solution treatment group， the stress degree was relatively mild. Compared with that on day 0， the content of NO， O2-·， H₂O₂， and MDA increased by 76.2%， 57.7%， 221.4%， and 99.7% respectively （P<0.01）. The activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD， CAT， and POD increased by 79.5%， 55.6%， and 51.9% respectively （P<0.01）， and that of PAL increased by 69.0% （P<0.01）. The content of baicalein and wogonin increased by 204.7% and 272.2% respectively （P<0.01）， and that of 1，3-DPG increased by 128.0% （P<0.01）. The 20 mmol·L^-1 SNP group showed better performance than the 7.5 mmol·L^-1 SNP group. ConclusionSNP can simulate the physiological state of Scutellaria baicalensis under stress conditions， activate the antioxidant protection mechanism， promote the biosynthesis of flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix， and significantly improve the quality of medicinal materials in Scutellariae Radix.

Huangqintang， with its accurate efficacy， is a classic formula specialized in treating dysentery recommended and promoted by medical experts from successive generations， and it was included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch， Han Chinese medicine prescriptions） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinses Medicine （TCM） in 2023. The method of bibliometrics was applied in this study to conduct textual research on the classic formula Huangqintang and provide a literature reference for the development of modern preparations of Huangqintang. A total of 2 026 pieces of ancient literature were searched with "Huangqintang" as the key word， and 23 pieces of effective data were selected， involving 15 ancient TCM books. The historic evolution， composition， dosage， origin， processing methods， preparation and decocting methods， efficiency， and application of Huangqintang were carefully reviewed. The results showed that Huangqintang was first recorded in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases written by ZHANG Zhongjing. It has the effect of clearing heat， stopping dysentery， regulating the middle， and downbearing counterflow and has become one of the classic formulas widely used in clinical practice. Because of its accurate efficacy， medical experts from later generations have modified it from its original composition. Though many prescriptions have different names， it is the manifestation of physicians' inheritance and development of the thought of ZHANG Zhongjing. Ancient literature showed this prescription had wide indications yet centered on digestive system diseases such as dysentery and abdominal pain. Modern applications of Huangqintang involve digestive， respiratory， ophthalmology and otolaryngology， gynecological， skin， musculoskeletal system， and connective tissue， and this prescription has great potential in treating ulcerative colitis， diarrhea， acute enteritis， and damp-heat dysentery. Through a systematic textual excavation and review of the ancient literature about Huangqintang， the paper has confirmed its key information， so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application and new drug development of classic formulas.

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent cervical cancer with isolated lesions in the radiated field.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 30 patients with recurrent cervical cancer with isolated lesions in the radiated field who underwent CT guided percutaneous interstitial implantation for close range radiation treatment at Zhengzhou University Affiliated Cancer Hospital from March 2023 to August 2024. Under local anesthesia, a needle was implanted into the recurrent tumor in the pelvic or abdominal wall of the patients percutaneously guided by CT. The target area was delineated to ensure full dose coverage. The prescribed dose for high-risk clinical target areas was 600 cGy/time, once a week, followed by close range radiotherapy. The number of implanted needles were recorded, and the target area, radiation dose, and other parameters were evaluated through dose volume parameter maps. The degree of lesion shrinkage and the occurrence of complications during and after treatment were observed.Results:30 patients underwent a total of 72 rounds of brachytherapy with implantation, with a technical success rate of 100% (72/72). 20 cases received 2 treatments, 8 cases received 3 treatments, and 2 cases received 4 treatments; 4 cases used 1needle, 20 cases used 2 needles, 4 cases used 3 needles, and 2 cases used 4 needles. The high-risk clinical target dose D 90 was (718.17±222.61) cGy. The average dose D 2cc of 2 cm 3 surrounding the bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon, and small intestine was (168.29±53.80) cGy, (178.87±105.38) cGy, (136.05±78.06) cGy, and (288.91±117.49) cGy, respectively. The median follow-up time was 11 months. Among the 30 patients, there were 12 cases of complete remission,14 cases of partial remission, 3 cases of stable disease, and 1 case of disease progression, with an objective remission rate of 86.7%. None of the patients experienced significant bleeding or pain during treatment. After treatment, 3 patients with recurrent lymph nodes near the rectum developed grade 1 radiation proctitis, which was remitted after treatment. No significant complications were observed in the remaining patients. Conclusion:CT guided percutaneous brachytherapy is safe and feasible for the recurrence of single lesions in the radiated field of cervical cancer.

Objective To explore the bi-directional dynamic associations of bullying perpetration and victimisation with psychopathological symptoms in children and adolescents.Methods The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development(ABCD)public dataset was used.Three dimensions of bullying perpetration and victimisation and child-adolescent psychopathological symptoms:attention,externalisation and internalisation were collected from 8413 child-adolescents using the peer experiences questionnaire(EPQ)and the brief problem monitoring(BPM)questionnaire,respectively.Bidirectional dynamic associations between bullying and child-adolescent psychopathological symptoms were analysed using cross-lagged networks.Results Bullying implementation to externalising problems was a significant cross-lagged edge(OR=2.36);impulsivity was both the strongest node of out-expected influence(OEI=5.21)and bridge-expected influence(BEI=4.35),and the strongest node of in-expected influence(IEI)was threat of violence(IEI=5.61).Conclusion There is an interaction between bullying and child-adolescent pathology symptoms.Bullying perpetration exacerbates subsequent externalising problems,and impulsivity is the most likely psychopathological symptom to influence both bullying perpetration and externalising internalising problems and it is also the bridging symptom connecting the two.

OBJECTIVE To explore the value of tuberculosis infection T cell spot test(T-SPOT.TB)combined with cytokines interleukin-2(IL-2),interferon-γ(IFN-γ)in differential diagnosis of active tuberculosis(ATB)and non-ATB.METHODS A total of 186 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)who were treated in Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital from Feb.2021 to Mar.2024 were recruited as the research subjects and were divided in-to the ATB group with 92 cases and the non-ATB group with 94 cases according to the result of sputum culture for MTB,which was taken as the golden standard.The T-SPOT.TB was carried out for all of the subjects.The base-line data were collected from the two groups of patients.The hierarchical regression analysis was performed by setting the T-SPOT.TB,IL-2 and IFN-γ as the dependent variables,clinical symptoms of cough and fever as the independent variables.The impact of the clinical characteristics on T-SPOT.TB,IL-2 and IFN-γ was observed.The value of T-SPOT.TB combined with cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ in differential diagnosis and ATB and non-ATB was evaluated by means of principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least squares discrimi-nant analysis(PLS-DA).The efficiencies of T-SPOT.TB,IL-2,IFN-γ and prediction model were examined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS There were significant differences in cough,fever,IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8 and IFN-γ between the two groups(P＜0.05).There were statistically positive correlations between the clinical symptoms of cough,fever and the T-SPOT.TB,IL-2 and IFN-γ(P＜0.05).The result of PCA model and PLS-DA model showed that there were less significant individual differences between the ATB pa-tients and the non-ATB patients,the two groups could be remarkably clustered and identified.The area under the curve(AUC)of the joint model was highest(0.913)(0.875 to 0.950)(P＜0.05),with the sensitivity 90.24％,the specificity 74.54％.CONCLUSION The T-SPOT.TB combined with IFN-γ and IL-2 shows high sensitivity and specificity in differential diagnosis of ATB and non-ATB and can be used as method for auxiliary diagnosis of ATB,and it has significant clinical value.

BackgroundGraduate students frequently face life events， many of which may adversely affect their mental well-being. However， the interaction between life events and the development of depression， anxiety， and somatic symptoms remains unclear. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between life events and the development of depressive， anxiety and somatic symptoms in graduate students， thereby informing prevention strategies for these conditions. MethodsA sample of 6 722 newly enrolled graduate students at a comprehensive university in Southwest China from September to November 2018 was selected. The assessment was conducted using the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist （ASLEC）， the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7 item （GAD-7）， the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9）， and the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 （PHQ-15）. Network analysis was implemented by using the bootnet and qgraph packages in the R software （version 4.2.3）， with centrality indices calculated to identify core and bridge symptoms within the network. ResultsThe study encompassed a total of 6 171 graduate students， representing 91.80% of the target population. The prevalence rates of anxiety， depressive， and somatic symptoms among graduate students were 12.59% （777/6 171）， 16.63% （1 026/6 171）， and 27.66% （1 707/6 171）， respectively. Network analysis revealed that 'academic stress' was the core symptom with the highest strength and expected influence （both values=1.207）， while 'feeling down， depressed， or hopeless' was the bridge symptom with the highest bridge strength and bridge expected influence （both values=0.454）. There was no significant difference in global network strength and edge weight between women and men （P>0.05）. ConclusionAcademic stress， emerging as the core symptom， assumes a dominant position within the symptom network and exhibits strong interactions with other negative affective states. There was no gender difference in the network structure.

Purpose: Cancer has become a significant major public health concern, making the discovery of new cancer markers or therapeutic targets exceptionally important. Elevated expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A (TNFRSF12A) expression has been observed in certain types of cancer. This project aims to investigate the function of TNFRSF12A in tumors and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Various websites were utilized for conducting the bioinformatics analysis. Tumor cell lines with stable knockdown or overexpression of TNFRSF12A were established for cell phenotyping experiments and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice. RNA-seq was employed to investigate the mechanism of TNFRSF12A. Results: TNFRSF12A was upregulated in the majority of cancers and associated with a poor prognosis. Knockdown TNFRSF12A hindered the colorectal cancer progression, while overexpression facilitated malignancy both in vitro and in vivo. TNFRSF12A overexpression led to increased nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) signaling and significant upregulation of baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3), a transcription target of the NF-κB member RELA, and it was experimentally confirmed to be a critical downstream factor of TNFRSF12A. Therefore, we speculated the existence of a TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis in colorectal cancer. Conclusion TNFRSF12A is upregulated in various cancer types and associated with a poor prognosis. In colorectal cancer, elevated TNFRSF12A expression promotes tumor growth, potentially through the TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis.

Purpose: Cancer has become a significant major public health concern, making the discovery of new cancer markers or therapeutic targets exceptionally important. Elevated expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A (TNFRSF12A) expression has been observed in certain types of cancer. This project aims to investigate the function of TNFRSF12A in tumors and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Various websites were utilized for conducting the bioinformatics analysis. Tumor cell lines with stable knockdown or overexpression of TNFRSF12A were established for cell phenotyping experiments and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice. RNA-seq was employed to investigate the mechanism of TNFRSF12A. Results: TNFRSF12A was upregulated in the majority of cancers and associated with a poor prognosis. Knockdown TNFRSF12A hindered the colorectal cancer progression, while overexpression facilitated malignancy both in vitro and in vivo. TNFRSF12A overexpression led to increased nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) signaling and significant upregulation of baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3), a transcription target of the NF-κB member RELA, and it was experimentally confirmed to be a critical downstream factor of TNFRSF12A. Therefore, we speculated the existence of a TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis in colorectal cancer. Conclusion TNFRSF12A is upregulated in various cancer types and associated with a poor prognosis. In colorectal cancer, elevated TNFRSF12A expression promotes tumor growth, potentially through the TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis.

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of birth defect-related mortality. However, more recent CHD mortality data for China are lacking. Additionally, limited studies have evaluated sex, rural-urban, and region-specific disparities of CHD mortality in China. METHODS: We designed a population-based study using data from the Dataset of National Mortality Surveillance in China between 2008 and 2021. We calculated age-adjusted CHD mortality using the sixth census data of China in 2010 as the standard population. We assessed the temporal trends in CHD mortality by age, sex, area, and region from 2008 to 2021 using the joinpoint regression model. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2021, 33,534 deaths were attributed to CHD. The period witnessed a two-fold decrease in the age-adjusted CHD mortality from 1.61 to 0.76 per 100,000 persons (average annual percent change [AAPC] = -5.90%). Females tended to have lower age-adjusted CHD mortality than males, but with a similar decline rate from 2008 to 2021 (females: AAPC = -6.15%; males: AAPC = -5.84%). Similar AAPC values were observed among people living in urban (AAPC = -6.64%) and rural (AAPC = -6.12%) areas. Eastern regions experienced a more pronounced decrease in the age-adjusted CHD mortality (AAPC = -7.86%) than central (AAPC = -5.83%) and western regions (AAPC = -3.71%) between 2008 and 2021. Approximately half of the deaths (46.19%) due to CHD occurred during infancy. The CHD mortality rates in 2021 were lower than those in 2008 for people aged 0-39 years, with the largest decrease observed among children aged 1-4 years (AAPC = -8.26%), followed by infants (AAPC = -7.01%). CONCLUSIONS CHD mortality in China has dramatically decreased from 2008 to 2021. The slower decrease in CHD mortality in the central and western regions than in the eastern regions suggested that public health policymakers should pay more attention to health resources and health education for central and western regions.
Humans ; Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality* ; Male ; Female ; China/epidemiology* ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Adult ; Child ; Adolescent ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Rural Population