Objective: To investigate the role of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 in cognitive impairment induced by neuronal damage. Methods: Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect microglia activation, inflammatory factor expression and neuronal damage after gp120 treatment. Neuronal damage and neurocognitive performance in gp120-transgenic mice were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining and behavioral analysis, respectively. Results: In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that HIV-1 gp120 significantly induced the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β, and indirectly caused neuronal synaptic shortening and neuronal damage (P<0.05). Compared with wild-type mice, gp120-transgenic mice showed significant cortical and hippocampal glial activation, neuronal loss, dendritic damage and neurocognitive disorders. Conclusions HIV-1 gp120 might cause neuronal damage through activating the release of inflammatory factor by microglia and involve in neurocognitive impairment.

In this study, we aimed to (1) identify white matter (WM) deficits underlying the consciousness level in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and (2) evaluate the relationship between DTI metrics and clinical measures of the consciousness level in DOC patients. With a cohort of 8 comatose, 8 unresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state, and 14 minimally conscious state patients and 25 patient controls, we performed group comparisons of the DTI metrics in 48 core WM regions of interest (ROIs), and examined the clinical relevance using correlation analysis. We identified multiple abnormal WM ROIs in DOC patients compared with normal controls, and the DTI metrics in these ROIs were significantly correlated with clinical measures of the consciousness level. Therefore, our findings suggested that multiple WM tracts are involved in the impaired consciousness levels in DOC patients and demonstrated the clinical relevance of DTI for DOC patients.
Adult ; Brain Stem ; diagnostic imaging ; Consciousness ; physiology ; Consciousness Disorders ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; White Matter ; pathology ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the effect of oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine on the rate of local control and anal sphincter preservation of rectal cancer.Methods Eighty patients with stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ colorectal adenocarcinoma were randomly divided into control group and observation group,each group in 40cases.The patients in the observation group were treated with oxaliplatin and capecitabine.The control group was treated with oxaliplatin combined with leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil.The patients were followed up for 2~4 weeks.The local curative effect, perioperative biochemical index,R0 (excision margin without cancer cell) resection rate and sphincter preserving rate were compared between the two groups.Results In the control group, the short-term curative effect was 47.50%, which in the observation group was 60.00%, the difference was statistically significant (x2=4.22,P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the biochemical indicators between the two groups (all P>0.05).The R0 resection rates of the control group and the observation group were 62.50%,57.50% (x2=0.67,P>0.05).The anal sphincter preservation rates of the control group and observation group were 32.50%,37.50% respectively (x2=0.67,P>0.05).The local control rates of the control group and observation group were 90.00%,92.50%,which of the observation group was higher than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant(x2 =0.32,P>0.05).Conclusion The combination of oxaliplatin and capecitabine can improve the local curative effect in patients with rectal cancer without affecting the biochemical indicators of perioperative patients, but the effect of R0 resection rate and preserving anus rate in patients with rectal cancer compared with the chemotherapy regimen of FOLFOX4 has no significant difference, it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Neural prosthesis control system is based on brain-computer interface and functional electrical stimulation technology, by an-alyzing the electroencephalograph control commands directly into the muscle system or an external device, which compensated efferent pathway from the brain-spinal cord, and recovered motor function of patients with cervical spinal cord injury. This paper described the basic structure, working principle and key technology of neural prosthetic system, summarized the application, problems and prospects of neural prosthetic technology in the rehabilitation of cervical spinal cord injury.

This study started with the comprehensive experimental research and practice of pre-ventive medicine. Taking the school of public health of China Medical University as an example, this paper introduced the ideas, principles, and experience of reform and implementation of comprehensive experimen-tal teaching. The methods of comprehensive experiments construction and implementation were introduced, such as subjects, application, basic training, implementation, writing, replying and score. In addition, the comprehensive experimental topics (such as classic experiment, new technology experiment, interesting ex-periment and fund project experiment et al), and basic training (such as literature searching, epidemiology and statistical analysis, laboratory safety and quality of experimental data, network sharing et al) were pre-sented in detail. It gave the evaluation that the comprehensive experimental teaching played an important role in the process of improving the quality of teaching and formed a unique preventive medicine experi-mental teaching system and talent training mode.

Objective To observe the real-time effect of retaining needle at Lingtai (GV 10) and Shendao (GV 11) on ST-T segment on cardiogram in patients with angina pectoris of coronary heart disease (CHD).Method Thirty patients with angina pectoris of CHD who received acupuncture at Lingtai (GV 10) and Shendao (GV 11) were divided into group A with needles retained after insertion of the needles and group B without needles retained. The two groups were observed by using 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) before and after treatment, to compare the ST segment and T wave atⅡ,Ⅲ, avF lead and V4, V5, V6lead before and after treatment.Result After treatment, ST segment atⅡ,Ⅲ, avF lead and V4, V5, V6lead was changed significantly in group A (P<0.05). T wave was significantly changed atⅡ,Ⅲ, avF lead after treatment in group A (P<0.05). T wave at V4, V5, V6 lead was significantly changed after treatment in both groups (P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at Lingtai (GV 10) and Shendao (GV 11) can improve myocardial ischemia in angina pectoris of CHD; compared to acupuncture without needles retained, retaining needles after acupuncture can produce a more significant effect in improving the inferior and anterior myocardial walls and a better real-time effect on ST-T on ECG of angina pectoris of CHD.

Objective To investigate the treatment effect of aescuven forte on the postoperative complications of breast cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with breast cancer radical surgery were randomly divided into control group(n =60) and treatment group(n =60).Patients in control group were given postoperative routine treatment,while in treatment group were administrated aescuven forte pills at 300 mg orally,2 times/day for 4 weeks beside the conventional treatment.Results (1)After the 1st,2nd weeks therapy,the flap congestion disappear rate in the treatment group were 80.0％ (48/60) and 93.3％ (56/60),better than that in the control group 60.0％ (36/60) and 71.6％ (43/60),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).However this trend was not seen in third weeks treatment (P ＞ 0.05).(2) The total efficiency of remission of upper limb edema was 93％ (56/60),higher than that in control group 77％ (46/60),the difference was statistically significant(x2 =5.17,P ＜ 0.05).(3) Visual analogue scale(VAS) pain score in treatment group were decreased form (8.87 ±0.74) in before treatment to (3.21 ±0.92) at after treatment.And the VAS score in control was from (8.91 ±0.85) down to (4.87 ± 1.34),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover VAS score in treatment group was lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).(4) There was no adverse effect of the medication process.Conclusion Aescuven forte showed a ability to reduce congestion disappear time of breast cancer and shorten the recovery time of upper limb swelling and pain and other symptoms.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)-ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-P53 signal transduction pathway in rat hippocampal neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury.MethodsHippocampal neurons of newborn Wistar rats ( ＜ 48 h) were cultured for 7 days in vitro.The primary cultured neurons were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 wells in each group:control group (group C),OGD (group D),OGD + hemin (HO-1 inducer) group (group D + H ) and OGD + hemin + zinc protoporphyrin ( HO-1 inhibitor) group ( group D + H + T).For OGD experiments,cultures were washed three times in a glucose-free balanced salt solution (BSS).They were then placed in deoxygenated glucose-free medium and sealed under 95％ N2-5％ CO2 in an anaerobic chamber equilibrated to 37°C and 100％ humidity for 45 min.OGD was terminated by replacement of stored medium and by returning the cultures to a standard incubator maintained at 37 ℃ in 95％ air-5％ CO2.The OGD model was established after the neurons were preconditioned with hemin 10 μmol/L for 24 h in group D + H.The OGD model was established after the neurons were preconditioned with hemin 10 μmol/L and zinc protoporphyrin 10 μmol/L for 24 h in group D + H + T.After 24 h of culture,the neuronal viability,apoptosis rate,and expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein,and CDK5,ATM and P53 protein were detected.ResultsCompared with group C,the expression of HO-1 mRNA,and HO-1,CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was up-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in group D (P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group D,the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated,the expression of CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was down-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly increased,and the apoptosis rate was significanlly decreased in group D + H ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group D + H,the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein was down-regulated,the expression of CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was up-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in group D + H + T ( P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionHO-1 can inhibit neuronal apoptosis through blocking CDK5-ATM-P53 signal transduction pathway in rat hippocampal neurons subjected to OGD injury.

Since the study of the mechanism of breast cancer occurrence and development deepens, breast cancer stem cells are receiving more and more attention. Studies have shown that a group of breast cancer stem cells were undifferentiated, with self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential. These cells have a resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hypoxic, high tumorigenic, high invasion and metastasis. In breast cancer's recurrence,development, and even metastasis, they play an extremely important role. In-depth study of breast cancer stem cell related signal transduction pathways and the regulation of microenvironment are meaningful for clinical targeted treatment of breast cancer. Therefore, we summarized the latest development on breast cancer stem cells in the treatment of breast cancer.

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the unique capacity to proliferate extensively and maintain the potential to differentiate into advanced derivatives of all three primary germ layers. ES cell lines can also be generated from human blastocyst embryos and are considered promising donor sources for cell transplantation therapies for diseases such as juvenile diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and heart failure. However, as for organ transplants, tissue rejection remains a significant concern for ES cell transplantation. Another concern is the use of human embryos. One possible means to avoid these issues is by reprogramming the nuclei of differentiated cells to ES cell-like, pluripotent cells. This review discusses the potential of these strategies to generate tailor-made pluripotent stem cells and the role of transcription factors in the reprogramming process.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Humans ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; cytology