The diseases and pathological manifestations associated with chongmai (thoroughfare vessel) are the representative in the practical applications of chongmai theory. Elucidating this theory serves as a prerequisite of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. Based on literature analysis, the diseases and clinical manifestations of chongmai recorded in the time of Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic) were analyzed so as to reinterpret the diagnostic process, pathological characteristics, and clinical manifestations of disorders, and evaluate the value of chongmai theory. Chongmai diseases were identified from the palpation initially, known as the "palpation on abdominal pulse". The "qi reversion" of chongmai represents a typical clinical manifestation of chongmai diseases, such as ji (abdominal mass), jia (abdominal hematoma), and shan (hernia), occurring in different sites of the abdomen and in different pathological stages. A part of distribution of chongmai is considered in clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion. To emphasize the significance of chongmai in modern acupuncture-moxibustion theory and practice, the diagnostic and therapeutic patterns of the related disorders should be considered in clinical practice. The characteristics of chongmai are reflected in three aspects: qi, blood and abdomen, which are determined by both its inherent properties and the clinical manifestations of related diseases.
Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Moxibustion ; History, Ancient ; Meridians ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Background Non-optimal temperatures pose significant threats to public health. Analyzing the association between temperature exposure and the number of emergency cases of acute alcohol intoxication can provide evidence for optimizing emergency resource allocation and response strategies. Objective To analyze the overall impact and lag effects of non-optimal temperatures on the number of 120 emergency calls for acute alcohol intoxication in Wuxi, and to assess the attributable risk, in order to provide empirical evidence for formulating climate-adaptive public health strategies. Methods Call records of acute alcohol intoxication from Wuxi's 120 emergency service, concurrent air pollutant data, and meteorological data (including daily mean temperature) were collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020. Distributed lag nonlinear modeling was used for time-series analysis, with cross-basis functions to capture the nonlinear relationship and lag effects between temperature and emergency volume. Confounding factors such as long-term trends, humidity, pollutants [ultimately including ozone (O₃) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5)], day of the week, and holidays were controlled. The maximum lag period was set to 14 days. Single-day lag and cumulative lag effects of extreme temperatures were analyzed, followed by sensitivity analysis. Effects were quantified using relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), and attributable fractions and numbers for different temperature ranges were calculated. Results A total of 10705 emergency cases of acute alcohol intoxication were included during the study period, with males accounting for 89.5% and individuals aged 18–50 years accounting for 83.4%. A non-linear "U-shaped" association was observed between daily mean temperature and the number of emergency calls, with an optimal temperature of 13.3 ℃. The effect of the extreme low temperature (1.88 ℃) was statistically significant from lag1 to lag3 after exposure (P<0.05), with the maximum effect at lag1 (RR=1.063, 95%CI: 1.002, 1.129). The extreme high temperature (32.3 ℃) showed an immediate effect, with maximum effect at lag0 (RR=1.374, 95%CI: 1.248, 1.512). The cumulative effect analysis showed that the risk associated with high temperature was the highest at lag0–3 (RR=2.000, 95%CI: 1.667, 2.399), while the risk associated with low temperature was the highest at lag0–14 (RR=1.462, 95%CI: 1.042, 2.051). The attribution analysis indicated that the mild heat (>24.7–30.8 ℃) and heat (>30.8–33.5 ℃) contributed the largest numbers of attributable cases, with 591 cases (95%CI: 56, 1032) and 190 cases (95%CI: 51, 309), respectively. The corresponding attributable fractions were 5.81% (95%CI: 0.80%, 9.94%) and 1.87% (95%CI: 0.49%, 2.96%), respectively. Conclusion Both extreme high and low temperatures significantly increase the number of 120 emergency calls for acute alcohol intoxication in Wuxi. High temperature exhibit an acute effect, while low temperature show a delayed effect. Mild heat have a significant impact on the emergency burden. It is recommended that emergency departments optimize resource allocation according to climatic characteristics and strengthen emergency responses during extreme weather to reduce alcohol-related health burden.

By analyzing the understandings of water points (acupoints connected with the kidney) and its association with water (kidney), zangfu organs and meridian-collateral recorded in Suwen: Shuire Xue Lun (Discussion on Water and Heat Diseases in Plain Question), it is found that the recognition on the water points is different from that on water diseases in Huangdi Neijing (the Yellow Emperor 's Inner Classic). The recognition on the water points focuses on the core theory, "rooted at the kidney", to explain the water diseases. Besides, in association with the study on the connotation of "luo" in Huangdi Neijing, it is discovered that "yinluo" discussed in water points is actually the misunderstanding of "zang zhi yinluo" that means "the connection by the kidney". It is shown that the discussion of water points refer to the elaboration of zangfu organs and 57 acupoints connected with water (the kidney), rather than the theory of collaterals. The characteristics of these 57 acupoints involved and the related needling techniques provide a new approach to the treatment of zangfu diseases.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Meridians ; China ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; Acupuncture Therapy/history*

Brain-computer interface (BCI) has high application value in the field of healthcare. However, in practical clinical applications, convenience and system performance should be considered in the use of BCI. Wearable BCIs are generally with high convenience, but their performance in real-life scenario needs to be evaluated. This study proposed a wearable steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI system equipped with a small-sized electroencephalogram (EEG) collector and a high-performance training-free decoding algorithm. Ten healthy subjects participated in the test of BCI system under simplified experimental preparation. The results showed that the average classification accuracy of this BCI was 94.10% for 40 targets, and there was no significant difference compared to the dataset collected under the laboratory condition. The system achieved a maximum information transfer rate (ITR) of 115.25 bit/min with 8-channel signal and 98.49 bit/min with 4-channel signal, indicating that the 4-channel solution can be used as an option for the few-channel BCI. Overall, this wearable SSVEP-BCI can achieve good performance in real-life scenario, which helps to promote BCI technology in clinical practice.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Electroencephalography ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Algorithms ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Adult ; Male

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.

Background Tributyl phosphate (TBP) is widely used as an organophosphate flame retardant. However, there are limited studies on the toxicity of TBP to aquatic organisms at low levels of exposure. Objective To investigate the effects of TBP on early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Methods Zebrafish embryos were randomly divided into four groups at 2 h post-fertilisation (2 hpf), namely, the 0.01% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control group and TBP exposure groups (0.02, 0.2 and 2 μg·L⁻¹). The exposure time was from 2 hpf to 120 hpf and the hatching rate, malformation rate, heart rate and body length of zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf, the frequency of tail curling at 24-29 hpf, the locomotor ability at 96 hpf and the survival rate at 120 hpf were evaluated, respectively. The whole-body triiodothyronine (T₃) and tetraiodothyronine (T₄) levels of juvenile fish were measured by enzyme immunoassay at the end of the infection, and the expression levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT) and neurodevelopmental-related genes were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR). Results The heart rates of zebrafish embryos were significantly decreased in all TBP-treated groups (P<0.001), the survival rates of the 0.02 and 2 μg·L⁻¹ TBP groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the malformation rate of the 2 μg·L⁻¹ treated group was significantly increased (P<0.05), which was mainly manifested by pericardial oedema. The frequency of tail curling of zebrafish embryos in all groups reached the highest at 25 hpf, which was significantly lower (P<0.001) in all exposure groups than in the control group (P<0.001). In the locomotor behaviour experiments, the swimming speed of zebrafish larvae in the dark cycle was significantly decreased in the 0.02 and 0.2 μg·L⁻¹ TBP groups (P<0.05), and similar results were found for the light cycle in the 0.2 and 2 μg·L⁻¹ TBP groups (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the T₃ level of zebrafish juveniles in the 0.2 μg·L⁻¹ TBP group increased significantly (P<0.05). The q-PCR results showed that the expression levels of HTP axis-related genes [thyroid hormone receptors (trα, \begin{document}$tr\beta $\end{document}), thyroglobulin (tg), and sodium/iodide co-transporter (nis)] were significantly down-regulated in the exposure groups, the expression level of transthyretin (ttr) was significantly up-regulated in the 0.02 μg·L⁻¹ TBP group, and the iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (dio2) expression level was significantly down-regulated in the 0.02 μg·L⁻¹ TBP group (P<0.05); the neurodevelopment-related gene acetylcholinesterase (ache) was significantly down-regulated in the exposure groups, and the expression levels of myelin basic protein (mbp) and Elav like neuron-specific RNA binding protein 3 (elavl3) were significantly down-regulated in the 0.02 μg·L⁻¹ TBP group (P<0.05). Conclusion TBP exposure can lead to early developmental abnormalities in zebrafish, manifested as developmental toxicity, thyroid endocrine disruption and neurotoxicity during hatching and early juvenile stages.

The use of nitrification inhibitors has been suggested as a strategy to decrease cadmium(Cd)accumulation in crops.However,the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd accumulation remains to be elucidated,and whether and how changes in soil microbial structure are involved in this process also remains unclear.To address these questions,this study applied three commercial nitrification inhibitors,namely,dicyandiamide(DCD),3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP),and nitrapyrin(NP),to pakchoi.The results showed that both DCD and DMPP(but not NP)could efficiently decrease Cd concentrations in pakchoi in urea-and ammonium-fertilized soils.In addition,among the three tested nitrification inhibitors,DMPP was the most efficient in decreasing the Cd concentration in pakchoi.The nitrification inhibitors decreased pakchoi Cd concentrations by suppressing acidification-induced Cd availability and reshaping the soil microbial structure;the most effective nitrification inhibitor was DMPP.Ammonia oxidation generates the most protons during nitrification and is inhibited by nitrification inhibitors.Changes in environmental factors and predatory bacterial abundance caused by the nitrification inhibitors changed the soil microbial structure and increased the potential participants in plant Cd accumulation.In summary,our study identified DMPP as the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd contamination and observed that the soil microbial structural changes caused by the nitrification inhibitors contributed to decreasing Cd concentration in pakchoi.

Objective:To explore whether lung microorganisms influence the occurrence and development of early lung adenocarcinoma by analyzing the presence and changes of local microorganisms in early lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:Tumor tissues and alveolar lavage fluid were collected from 32 patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Nextseq550DX was used for DNA sequencing. R language was used to calculate the number of microorganisms in the tumor tissue and alveolar lavage fluid samples of different stages and grades. species and diversity, and use statistical methods such as TSEA and LEfSe analysis to compare the diversity and differences of microorganisms in different groups. Results:Both Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria accounted for a higher proportion in both the tumor tissue and alveolar lavage fluid samples of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The number of microorganisms detected in the tumor tissue was greater than that in the lavage fluid, and the alpha diversity was higher, but the difference Not significant( P<0. 05). According to the analysis of differences in lung microorganisms in patients with different pathological grades: In the two samples, invasive adenocarcinoma has more microorganisms than carcinoma in situ + microinvasive carcinoma, and the alpha diversity of the lavage fluid is significantly higher, and the comparison between the groups is statistically significant( P=0. 011); the difference in β diversity was not statistically significant( P>0. 05). Group analysis based on different pathological types: the invasive adenocarcinoma group samples showed a decrease in Proteobacteria, the carcinoma in situ + minimally invasive cancer group was mainly composed of Proteobacteria, and most of the microorganisms related to lung cancer differences analyzed in each group belonged to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Phylum. Conclusion:Most of the microbes in tumor tissues and lavage fluid of lung adenocarcinoma belong to the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Most of the differentially associated microbes of lung cancer under different classifications also belong to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are the main characteristics of lung microbial composition in patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To understand the current status of the use of aspirin in perioperative period of thoracic surgery in China and the awareness of thoracic surgeons on the prevention and treatment of arterial thromboembolic diseases during the perioperative period.Methods:A survey was conducted among thoracic surgeons nationwide using an electronic questionnaire through a software platform from January 20, 2024 to February 29, 2024. The questionnaire mainly included three parts: basic information, aspirin use, and awareness of arterial thromboembolic diseases, with a total of 27 questions.Results:A total of 1318 valid questionnaires were collected, covering all 33 provincial administrative regions except Taiwan. 69.7%(919/1 318) of thoracic surgeons stopped using aspirin for all patients before surgery; differences could be found in the timing of aspirin withdrawal before surgery and resumption after surgery. 65.1%(858/1 318) of surgeons made perioperative medication decisions based on domestic guidelines or consensus, while 20.9%(276/1 318) of surgeons based their decisions on departmental or personal experience. 87.9%(1 159/1 318) of surgeons believed that it is necessary to develop guidelines for the prevention of arterial thromboembolic diseases in the perioperative period of thoracic surgery.Conclusion:The current use strategy of aspirin in the perioperative period of thoracic surgery in China shows a high degree of inconsistency, and there are also significant differences in the awareness of arterial thromboembolic diseases. It is necessary to establish guidelines for the prevention and treatment of arterial thromboembolic diseases in the perioperative period.

Abtract Objective:To establish a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy,and to determine the content of aluminum in the hemofiltration base solution.Methods:The standard addition method of atomic absorption of graphite furnace was used to add matrix modifier to determine the content of aluminum.Results:Aluminum has a good linear relationship in the range of 0-20 μg·L-1,r=0.998;The detection limit concentration was 0.91 μg·L-1.The average recovery rate was 96.5％.The results of the three batches were 3.299,1.232 and 2.431 μg·L-1,respectively.Conclution:This method can effectively measure the content of aluminum in hemofiltration base solution products,and control the raw materials,production and packaging of products that may introduce pollution pathways.It is recommended that enterprises pay attention to the detection of aluminum content in the on hemofil-tration base solution to minimize the risk of contamination and ensure the quality of products.