In order to further standardize the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients in China, the Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association has organized experts in kidney transplantation and infectious diseases. Based on the "Vaccination of Solid Organ Transplant Candidates and Recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice", and in combination with the clinical reality of infectious diseases and vaccination after organ transplantation in China, as well as referring to relevant recommendations from home and abroad in recent years, these guidelines are formulated from aspects such as epidemiology, types of vaccines, vaccination principles, target population, and specific vaccine administration. The "Guidelines for Vaccination of Kidney Transplant Candidates and Recipients in China" aims to provide theoretical reference for medical workers in the field of kidney transplantation in China, regarding the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients. It is expected to better guide the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients, reduce the risk of postoperative infection, and improve survival outcomes.

Objective: To analyze the status and trends of the disease burden of periodontal disease among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a reference for the development of periodontal disease prevention and control strategies for women of reproductive age. Methods: Using the global burden of disease (GBD) data from 1990 to 2021, this study investigated the periodontal disease burden among women of reproductive age, including prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), DALY rates, and their corresponding standardized indicators. Joinpoint 5.2.0.0 software was used for time trend analysis of DALYs, age-specific DALY rates, and annual average percentage change (AAPC) values. A log-linear regression model was used to test trends for DALYs and DALY rates. Results: Compared with 1990, the prevalence and incidence of periodontal disease among Chinese women in 2021 increased by 45.67% (per 100,000 people) and 29.29% (per 100,000 people), respectively. The distribution of periodontal disease among women (15-49 years) showed a continuous and rapid upward trend, with the growth rate increasing rapidly with age. The number of cases increased the fastest in the 45-49 age group, and the prevalence increased the fastest in the 35-44 age group. The incidence of periodontal disease continued to rise with age, with the fastest increase in the 35-44 age group among women of reproductive age. The Joinpoint regression model results showed that periodontal disease led to an expanding trend in the disease burden among women of reproductive age in China, with an AAPC of DALYs = 1.20% and an AAPC of DALY rate = 1.25% (P<0.001). Conclusion The periodontal disease burden among Chinese women aged 15-49 years showed a gradually increasing trend from 1990 to 2021.

Most patients with pancreatic cancer are already in the locally advanced or metastatic stage at initial diagnosis. While systemic chemotherapy provides clinical benefits for those with mid-to-late-stage pancreatic cancer, its efficacy is often limited by patient tolerance. In response to the dual clinical demands of robust antitumor activity and high targeting specificity, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) has emerged as a promising solution. By conjugating highly selective monoclonal antibodies with potent cytotoxic small-molecule drugs, ADC achieves precise tumor-targeting while minimizing damage to healthy tissues, which thereby improves treatment tolerance. However, due to the complex pathological features of pancreatic cancer, no ADC has yet been approved for clinical use for this disease. A comprehensive evaluation of factors including ADC-specific targets, payload selection, antibody-drug linkage strategies, drug delivery mechanisms, tissue distribution variability, and tumor heterogeneity will be crucial to advancing the clinical translation of ADC for pancreatic cancer treatment.

Objective To design a storage device for lymph node specimens of gynecological malignant tumors and to evaluate its application effect.Methods The specimen depository is composed of 3 parts,including storage frame,partition plate and marking plate.391 patients with gynecological malignant tumor surgeries requiring collection of retroperitoneal lymph nodes were selected in the operating room of a tertiary A hospital in Zhejiang Province from January to December 2022 in accordance with the operation schedule.They were randomly divided into an experimental group(n=196)and a control group(n=195).Patients in the experimental group used a newly developed storage device,while the control group was with traditional device.The incidence of additional verification specimens by doctors,the average time for disposing of lymph node specimens,and the job satisfaction survey of doctors and nurses were compared.Results Within a period of 12 months after utilizing this easily recognizable specimen storage device,the additional verification rate in the experimental group was 10.62％compared with the rate of 72.48％in the control group.The average time of disposing lymph node specimens was reduced from(8.3±0.9)to(5.2±0.3)minutes.Doctors and nurses in the experimental group reported a higher level of satisfaction for the specimen storage device(P＜0.05).Conclusion Utilizing the newly designed specimen storage device can help medical staff to alleviate their workload,enhance their work efficiency,raise their job satisfaction,and ensure the accuracy of pathological results.

Objective To investigate whether modification with IL-21 and CCL19 enhances killing and tumor-infiltrating efficiency of NKP30 CAR-T cells in lung cancer.Methods The modified IL-21-CCL19 NKP30 CAR-T cells expressing IL-21 and CCL19 fusion gene was constructed based on NKP30 CAR-T cells and stimulated with CD3CD28 antibodies and IL-2.The immunophenotype and migration of the cells in the presence of IL-21 were investigated using flow cytometry and migration experiments.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release and sphere formation assays were used to assess the killing and infiltration capabilities of CAR-T cells,and the secretion levels of IFN-γ,IL-21 and CCL19 were determined with enzyme-linked immunospot assay(ELISPOT)and ELISA.A zebrafish model bearing HCG-27 cell xenograft was established by microinjection of the tumor cells into the yolk sac followed 24 h later by injection of the immune cells at the same site,and the fluorescence signals were captured using a fluorescent microscopy.Results The NKP30 ligand B7H6,which was almost undetectable in normal tissues and blood cells,was highly expressed(over 90%)in lung cancer cells.Compared with NKP30 CAR-T cells and conventional T cells,IL-21-CCL19 NKP30 CAR-T cells exhibited stronger proliferative and migration capabilities with the formation of central memory T cells.The reduced expressions of CTLA4 and PD1 in the constructed cells resulted in enhanced killing efficiency against lung cancer cells accompanied by significantly increased production of IFN-γ,IL-21 and CCL19.In the zebrafish models,CAR-T cells exhibited stronger cytotoxicity and proliferative abilities than typical T cells,but these differences were not statistically significant between the two CAR-T cells.Conclusion Modification of NKP30 CAR-T cells with IL-21 and CCL19 facilitates their access into solid tumors for more effective tumor cell killing while producing a large number of memory T cells.

Objective To investigate whether modification with IL-21 and CCL19 enhances killing and tumor-infiltrating efficiency of NKP30 CAR-T cells in lung cancer.Methods The modified IL-21-CCL19 NKP30 CAR-T cells expressing IL-21 and CCL19 fusion gene was constructed based on NKP30 CAR-T cells and stimulated with CD3CD28 antibodies and IL-2.The immunophenotype and migration of the cells in the presence of IL-21 were investigated using flow cytometry and migration experiments.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release and sphere formation assays were used to assess the killing and infiltration capabilities of CAR-T cells,and the secretion levels of IFN-γ,IL-21 and CCL19 were determined with enzyme-linked immunospot assay(ELISPOT)and ELISA.A zebrafish model bearing HCG-27 cell xenograft was established by microinjection of the tumor cells into the yolk sac followed 24 h later by injection of the immune cells at the same site,and the fluorescence signals were captured using a fluorescent microscopy.Results The NKP30 ligand B7H6,which was almost undetectable in normal tissues and blood cells,was highly expressed(over 90%)in lung cancer cells.Compared with NKP30 CAR-T cells and conventional T cells,IL-21-CCL19 NKP30 CAR-T cells exhibited stronger proliferative and migration capabilities with the formation of central memory T cells.The reduced expressions of CTLA4 and PD1 in the constructed cells resulted in enhanced killing efficiency against lung cancer cells accompanied by significantly increased production of IFN-γ,IL-21 and CCL19.In the zebrafish models,CAR-T cells exhibited stronger cytotoxicity and proliferative abilities than typical T cells,but these differences were not statistically significant between the two CAR-T cells.Conclusion Modification of NKP30 CAR-T cells with IL-21 and CCL19 facilitates their access into solid tumors for more effective tumor cell killing while producing a large number of memory T cells.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide,with high morbidity and mortality rates.This malignancy poses a grave threat to human life and health.Its early onset symptoms are not typical,and many patients are diagnosed in the middle and late stages;multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment remains the primary treatment for patients with advanced and unresectable gastric cancer.Comprehensive surgery is typically performed for patients with gastric cancer who are eligible for surgery.Preoperative arterial infu-sion chemotherapy is gradually receiving attention as a novel treatment method.Compared with traditional chemotherapy,it has the ad-vantages of higher efficiency,fewer side effects,and a higher surgical resection rate in later stages.It has been gradually applied in clinical practice and has achieved certain results.This article discusses the application and development of arterial infusion chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant therapy for gastric cancer.

ObjectiveTo systematically explore the roles and contributions of the sovereign drug Gypsum Fibrosum contained in Baihu Guizhitang （BHGZT） against rheumatoid arthritis （RA） with heat syndrome from property-efficacy association by an approach integrating transcriptomics with gene regulatory network analysis. MethodA total of 20 male Lewis rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups： a control group （n=5）， a group of adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model with heat syndrome （AIA-H， n=5）， an AIA-H + BHGZT group （BHGZT， 21.4 g·kg^-1， n=5）， and an AIA-H + BHGZT without Gypsum Fibrosum group （BHGZT-GYP， 10.7 g·kg^-1， n=5）. We combined the gene expression profiling based on AIA-H rat model and "disease-gene-drug effective target" network analysis to predict the major function of Gypsum Fibrosum contained in BHGZT against RA with heat syndrome. Furthermore， in vivo experiments with the AIA-H rat model were performed to validate the therapeutic effects on the severity of arthritis based on the representative images of arthritis， limb diameter， infrared thermography， pain thresholds， and joint injury， as well as at the level of immunity-inflammation imbalance. Oil Red O staining was employed for the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in the AIA-H rats treated by BHGZT， BHGZT-GYP， and GYP. ResultGene expression profiling and network analysis demonstrated that Gypsum Fibrosum mainly regulated the energy metabolism disorders and the immunity-inflammation imbalance during the development and progression of RA. In vivo experiments showed that both BHGZT and BHGZT-GYP reduced the disease severity of AIA-H rats （P<0.01） by relieving joint redness and distortion， decreasing arthritis score and limb diameter， elevating pain thresholds， alleviating joint erosion， joint inflammation， and bone destruction （P<0.05）. Notably， BHGZT outperformed BHGZT-GYP （P<0.05）. Both BHGZT and BHGZT-GYP inhibited the pathological changes and decreased the indexes of thymus and spleen （P<0.05）， and down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines including Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-12， IL-1β， and IL-18 （P<0.05）. In addition， BHGZT and GYP significantly inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells， with the performance superior to that of BHGZT-GYP. ConclusionThe sovereign drug Gypsum Fibrosum contained in BHGZT played a crucial role in reversing energy metabolism disorders and immunity-inflammation imbalance， which may be associated with its cold property and function of clearing heat and purging fire.

Cyperi Rhizoma is a common Chinese medicine in clinical practice， which has a long history of processing. In order to sort out the process of its processing， starting with the angle of processing excipients， the historical evolution and developmental venation of Cyperi Rhizoma processing were analyzed and summarized by consulting relevant literature of ancient medical records and modern codes. After combing the ancient and modern literature， it was found that there were many processing methods of Cyperi Rhizoma， the processing methods without auxiliary materials included frying， boiling， steaming and so on， and the adding auxiliary materials included vinegar， ginger， salt， multiple excipients， etc. However， with the evolution of history， some characteristic excipients have gradually disappeared， while vinegar-processed products are mainly used in modern times. Meanwhile， processing methods of Cyperi Rhizoma are well documented in various processing standards， the phenomenon of multiple methods adopted in one place and different methods in different places exists， which lacks unified quality standards and leads to uneven quality of Cyperi Rhizoma decoction pieces， which may even affect the safety and effectiveness of its clinical medication. Based on this， the problems existing in the processing research of Cyperi Rhizoma were analyzed in this paper， and made an outlook on the inheritance of the ancient processing methods and the quality standard improvement of the decoction pieces， in order to provide important literature evidence and theoretical support for the study of processing process and mechanism of Cyperi Rhizoma.

Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) can lead to drug-drug interactions, resulting in serious adverse reactions.It is therefore crucial to accurately predict the inhibitory power of a given compound against a particular CYP isoform.This study compared 11 machine learning methods and 2 deep learning models based on different molecular representations.The experimental results showed that the CatBoost machine learning model based on RDKit_2d+Morgan outperformed other models in terms of accuracy and Mathews coefficient, and even outperformed previously published models.Moreover, the experimental results also showed that the CatBoost model not only had superior performance, but also consumed less computational resources.Finally, this study combined the top 3 performing models as co_model, which slightly outperformed the CatBoost model alone in terms of performance.