Objective To investigate the factors influencing international normalized ratio (INR)>3.0 in patients undergoing warfarin anticoagulation therapy after mechanical heart valve replacement. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients who underwent mechanical heart valve replacement surgery and received warfarin anticoagulation therapy at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022. Based on the discharge INR values, patients were divided into two groups: an INR≤3.0 group and an INR>3.0 group. The factors associated with INR>3.0 at the time of discharge were analyzed. Results A total of 8901 patients were enrolled, including 3409 males and 5492 females, with a median age of 49.3 (43.5, 55.6) years. The gender, body mass index (BMI), New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function grading, INR, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and preoperative prothrombin time (PT) were statistically different between the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lower BMI, preoperative PT>15 s, and mitral valve replacement were independent risk factors for INR>3.0 at discharge (P<0.05). Conclusion BMI, preoperative PT, and surgical site are factors influencing INR>3.0 at discharge in patients undergoing warfarin anticoagulation therapy after mechanical heart valve replacement. Special attention should be given to patients with lower BMI, longer preoperative PT, and mitral valve replacement to avoid excessive anticoagulation therapy.

Phages, prokaryotic viruses widely present in the human, are a crucial component of the gut microbiome. They play a significant role in human health and the development of diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that phages can interact with bacteria to affect their abundance, metabolism, and antibiotic resistance, thereby influencing the balance of the gut microbiota. In addition, phages also contribute to the gut immune response, and can become dysregulated in a range of immune-related diseases. Gut phages also carry important roles in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for disease treatment. Phages can target specific bacterial members and communities, thereby reduce the risk of bacterial infections or the presence of bacteria, and maintain the stability of the gut microbiome. However, gut phageome research is still in its infancy and additional basic and clinical researches are required to evaluate its species composition, mechanisms of pathogenicity or protection, as well as its efficacy and safety.

Phages, prokaryotic viruses widely present in the human, are a crucial component of the gut microbiome. They play a significant role in human health and the development of diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that phages can interact with bacteria to affect their abundance, metabolism, and antibiotic resistance, thereby influencing the balance of the gut microbiota. In addition, phages also contribute to the gut immune response, and can become dysregulated in a range of immune-related diseases. Gut phages also carry important roles in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for disease treatment. Phages can target specific bacterial members and communities, thereby reduce the risk of bacterial infections or the presence of bacteria, and maintain the stability of the gut microbiome. However, gut phageome research is still in its infancy and additional basic and clinical researches are required to evaluate its species composition, mechanisms of pathogenicity or protection, as well as its efficacy and safety.

Objective:To explore whether lung microorganisms influence the occurrence and development of early lung adenocarcinoma by analyzing the presence and changes of local microorganisms in early lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:Tumor tissues and alveolar lavage fluid were collected from 32 patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Nextseq550DX was used for DNA sequencing. R language was used to calculate the number of microorganisms in the tumor tissue and alveolar lavage fluid samples of different stages and grades. species and diversity, and use statistical methods such as TSEA and LEfSe analysis to compare the diversity and differences of microorganisms in different groups. Results:Both Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria accounted for a higher proportion in both the tumor tissue and alveolar lavage fluid samples of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The number of microorganisms detected in the tumor tissue was greater than that in the lavage fluid, and the alpha diversity was higher, but the difference Not significant( P<0. 05). According to the analysis of differences in lung microorganisms in patients with different pathological grades: In the two samples, invasive adenocarcinoma has more microorganisms than carcinoma in situ + microinvasive carcinoma, and the alpha diversity of the lavage fluid is significantly higher, and the comparison between the groups is statistically significant( P=0. 011); the difference in β diversity was not statistically significant( P>0. 05). Group analysis based on different pathological types: the invasive adenocarcinoma group samples showed a decrease in Proteobacteria, the carcinoma in situ + minimally invasive cancer group was mainly composed of Proteobacteria, and most of the microorganisms related to lung cancer differences analyzed in each group belonged to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Phylum. Conclusion:Most of the microbes in tumor tissues and lavage fluid of lung adenocarcinoma belong to the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Most of the differentially associated microbes of lung cancer under different classifications also belong to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are the main characteristics of lung microbial composition in patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

The use of nitrification inhibitors has been suggested as a strategy to decrease cadmium(Cd)accumulation in crops.However,the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd accumulation remains to be elucidated,and whether and how changes in soil microbial structure are involved in this process also remains unclear.To address these questions,this study applied three commercial nitrification inhibitors,namely,dicyandiamide(DCD),3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP),and nitrapyrin(NP),to pakchoi.The results showed that both DCD and DMPP(but not NP)could efficiently decrease Cd concentrations in pakchoi in urea-and ammonium-fertilized soils.In addition,among the three tested nitrification inhibitors,DMPP was the most efficient in decreasing the Cd concentration in pakchoi.The nitrification inhibitors decreased pakchoi Cd concentrations by suppressing acidification-induced Cd availability and reshaping the soil microbial structure;the most effective nitrification inhibitor was DMPP.Ammonia oxidation generates the most protons during nitrification and is inhibited by nitrification inhibitors.Changes in environmental factors and predatory bacterial abundance caused by the nitrification inhibitors changed the soil microbial structure and increased the potential participants in plant Cd accumulation.In summary,our study identified DMPP as the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd contamination and observed that the soil microbial structural changes caused by the nitrification inhibitors contributed to decreasing Cd concentration in pakchoi.

Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; COVID-19 ; Child ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective:To explore the predictive value of the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) for the risk of bone metastases in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa).Methods:From Jun. 2012 to Jul. 2019, the clinical features of 308 patients were retrospectively analyzed. For the baseline clinical data of the patients with newly diagnosed PCa, the median age was 71(65-76) years, there were 59(19.2%) patients with a positive digital rectal examination (DRE). In addition, the median serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), prostate volume (PV) and prostate-specific antigen density(PSAD)were 60.55(23.55-100.00) ng/ml, 39.35(28.29-56.66)ml and 1.27(0.58-2.52)ng/(ml·cm 3), respectively. There were 33(10.7%)patients with prostate biopsy Gleason score≤6, 115(37.3%)patients with a Gleason score=7 and 160(52.0%)patients with a Gleason score≥8. The T clinical stage also obtained, including 21(6.8%)diagnosed as T 1 stage, 87(28.2%)T 2 stage, 65(21.1%)T 3stage, 135(43.9%)T 4 stage. SII was calculated by the formula platelet×neutrophil/lymphocyte, and the median(interquartile range)of SII was 458.60(300.42-727.11)/L. According to the results of bone scanning, the patients were divided into bone metastasis(146, 47.4%)and a non-bone metastasis groups(162, 52.6%). The differences in the baseline clinical characteristics between the two groups were analyzed. The risk factors of bone metastasis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic efficiency of the risk factors were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve. Results:The median(interquartile range)of SII was 564.78/L(333.85-961.93/L)in patients with bone metastasis which were higher than those without bone metastasis 413.01(267.63-601.79)/L( P<0.001). The median(interquartile range)of tPSA were 97.79(48.20-119.10)ng/ml in bone metastasis group and 32.56(17.89-72.70)ng/ml in non-bone metastasis group ( P<0.001). The median(interquartile range)of PSAD were 1.91(0.97-3.55)ng/(ml·cm 3)and 0.90(0.45-1.77)ng/(ml·cm 3)in these two groups( P<0.001), respectively. In bone metastasis group, there were 132(90.4%)patients with a positive DRE, yet there were only 117(72.2%) patients with a positive DRE in the other group ( P<0.001). There were 7(4.8%)patients with prostate biopsy Gleason score≤6, 50(34.2%)patients with a Gleason score=7 and 89(61.0%)patients with a Gleason score≥8 in bone metastasis group. There were 26(16.1%)patients with prostate biopsy Gleason score≤6, 65(40.1%)patients with a Gleason score=7 and 71(43.8%)patients with a Gleason score≥8 in non-bone metastasis group ( P<0.001). There were statistically significant difference between the two groups in T clinical stage( P<0.001). In bone metastasis group, there were 2(1.4%)T 1 stage, and 19(13.0%)T 2 stage, 25(17.1%)T 3stage, and 100(68.5%)T 4 stage. Comparatively, there were 19(11.7%)T 1 stage, 68(42.0%)T 2 stage, 40(24.7%)T 3stage, and 35(21.6%)T 4 stage in the other group. There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in term of age( P=0.057) and TPV( P=0.222). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tPSA( P=0.003), SII( P<0.001), T clinical stage( P<0.001)could be regarded as independent risk factors of bone metastasis of PCa. Area under the curve of SII+ tPSA was 0.770, which was higher than SII(0.653)or tPSA(0.729) alone( P<0.05). When the cut-off value was 727.72/L, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of SII alone were 38.4% and 87.7%. The sensitivity and specificity of tPSA alone were 67.1%and 75.9% when the cut-off value was 73.02ng/ml. The sensitivity was 72.6% and the specificity was 71.6% when SII and tPSA was combined. Conclusions:SII is an independent predictor of bone metastasis of newly diagnosed with PCa. , and the patients were at high risk when SII exceeded 727.72/L. The combination of SII and tPSA can improve its predictive validity for the risk of bone metastasis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of early pancreatic duct stenting in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 201 patients with acute pancreatitis who were admitted to General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from October 2011 to December 2017 were collected. There were 106 males and 95 females, aged from 18 to 90 years, with a median age of 62 years. Of 201 patients, there were 178 cases with moderate severe acute pancreatitis and 23 cases with serious severe acute pancreatitis. Patients were treated with pancreatic duct stenting within 48 hours after admission. Observation indicators: (1) treatment; (2) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect recurrence of acute pancreatitis after surgery up to June 2019. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented by Mean± SD, and the independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups, and the matched samples t test was used for comparison between before and after. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented by M( P25 ,P75) or M(range), and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups, and the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used for comparison between before and after. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test . Results:(1) Treatment: 201 patients received pancreatic duct stenting successfully, 63 of which were detected pancreatic obstruction with white-floc. The interval time from admission to surgery , operation time, time for initial oral intake, duration of hospital stay and hospital expenses of 201 patients were 10 hours(4 hours,22 hours), (35±15)minutes, 3 days(2 days,5 days), 6 days(5 days,10 days) and 3.8×10 4 yuan (3.0×10 4 yuan,4.9×10 4 yuan). Of 201 patients, 22 patients were transferred to intensive care unit, including 1 case with serious severe underwent inhospital death and 1 case with moderate severe and 7 cases with serious severe underwent auto-discharge from hospital. There were 25 cases with local complications, including 17 cases with pancreatic infectious necrosis, 7 cases with pancreatic walled-off necrosis and 1 case with spleen infarction. All 25 patients were cured after surgical inter-vention or conservative treatment. Further analysis showed that cases being transferred to intensive care unit, cases undergoing surgical treatment, the time for initial oral intake, duration of hospital stay and cases undergoing auto-discharge from hospital were 6, 11, 3 days(2 days,5 days), 6 days(5 days,10 days) and 1 for the 178 moderate severe cases, versus 16, 5, 7 days(4 days,9 days), 9 days (7 days,17 days) and 7 for the 23 serious severe cases, showing significant differences ( χ2=91.561, 6.730, Z=6.485, 5.463, χ2=47.561, P<0.05). The white blood cell count, serum amylase indexes and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ score of 201 patients were (14±6)×10 9/L, 928 U/L(411 U/L,1 588 U/L), 9±5 before admission, versus (10±4)×10 9/L, 132 U/L(72 U/L,275 U/L), 6±4 at 48 hours after admission, respectively, showing significant differences ( t=12.219, Z=11.639, t=16.016, P<0.05). (2) Follow-up: of 201 patients, 153 cases were followed up for 40 months (27 months,55 months). During the follow-up, 32 of the 153 cases had recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Conclusion:Early pancreatic duct stenting is safe and feasible in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Animals ; Cdc20 Proteins/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Mammalian/embryology* ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Infertility, Female/metabolism* ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the clinical values of laboratory inflammation indicators including lymphocyte count, C reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein (SAA), and procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients.Methods:The data of clinical characteristics of 77 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were collected from February to March 2020. According to the guidelines for diagnosis and management of COVID-19, these patients were divided into moderate type (49 cases) and severe type (28 cases). Among them 19 cases were discharged. The differences of lymphocyte count, CRP, SAA and PCT among moderate, severe and discharged groups were compared. The indicators with better predictive value for disease development and prognosis were screened out by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.Results:The severe patients had lower lymphocyte count compared to the moderate patients ( P=0.000), while their CRP ( P=0.000), SAA ( P=0.000) and PCT positive rate ( χ2=11.003, P=0.001) were significantly higher; The lymphocyte count of discharged patients was much higher than that of moderate ( P=0.001) and severe ( P=0.000) patients, while CRP ( P=0.036, P=0.000) and SAA ( P=0.002, P=0.000) were dramatically lower; Although the discharged patients had much lower PCT positive rate than severe patients ( χ2=6.891, P=0.009), they were not significantly different from moderate patients ( χ2=0.169, P=0.681). Logistic regression analysis showed that the increased SAA and CRP were both risk factors for predicting severe illness, but the decreased SAA were demonstrated as an independent indicator for discharge. The ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of SAA for diagnosis of severe patients were 85.71% and 87.76%, whereas CRP were 82.14% and 93.88%. Further, the sensitivity and specificity of SAA for predicting discharge were 100% and 57.89%. Conclusions:The laboratory inflammation indicators such as lymphocyte count, CRP, SAA and PCT had important clinical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients. Among them, SAA was demonstrated as an independent indicator with high sensitivity for evaluating the disease progression and prognosis.