In order to further standardize the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients in China, the Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association has organized experts in kidney transplantation and infectious diseases. Based on the "Vaccination of Solid Organ Transplant Candidates and Recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice", and in combination with the clinical reality of infectious diseases and vaccination after organ transplantation in China, as well as referring to relevant recommendations from home and abroad in recent years, these guidelines are formulated from aspects such as epidemiology, types of vaccines, vaccination principles, target population, and specific vaccine administration. The "Guidelines for Vaccination of Kidney Transplant Candidates and Recipients in China" aims to provide theoretical reference for medical workers in the field of kidney transplantation in China, regarding the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients. It is expected to better guide the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients, reduce the risk of postoperative infection, and improve survival outcomes.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) has high application value in the field of healthcare. However, in practical clinical applications, convenience and system performance should be considered in the use of BCI. Wearable BCIs are generally with high convenience, but their performance in real-life scenario needs to be evaluated. This study proposed a wearable steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI system equipped with a small-sized electroencephalogram (EEG) collector and a high-performance training-free decoding algorithm. Ten healthy subjects participated in the test of BCI system under simplified experimental preparation. The results showed that the average classification accuracy of this BCI was 94.10% for 40 targets, and there was no significant difference compared to the dataset collected under the laboratory condition. The system achieved a maximum information transfer rate (ITR) of 115.25 bit/min with 8-channel signal and 98.49 bit/min with 4-channel signal, indicating that the 4-channel solution can be used as an option for the few-channel BCI. Overall, this wearable SSVEP-BCI can achieve good performance in real-life scenario, which helps to promote BCI technology in clinical practice.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Electroencephalography ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Algorithms ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Adult ; Male

Objective To investigate the current status of nurses'knowledge,attitude and practice regarding sleep management of critically ill children in pediatric ICU,and to analyze its impact factors.Methods A self-designed questionnaire on general information and a questionnaire on knowledge and practical behaviors of pediatric ICU nurses on child's sleep management were used.In March 2023,902 pediatric ICU nurses from 24 hospitals in China were surveyed using a convenient sampling method,and the impact factors were analyzed using multiple stepwise linear regression.Results 893 valid questionnaires were collected and the recovery rate of valid questionnaires was 99.00％.Nurses in pediatric ICU scored(33.71±7.76)in knowledge dimension,(37.38±4.86)in attitude dimension and(80.60±16.78)in practice dimension,with a total score of(151.78±24.27).The scores of knowledge and attitude,knowledge and practice,attitude and practice are all positively correlated(r=0.393,P＜0.001;r=0.495,P＜0.001;r=0.320,P＜0.001).The results of multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that gender,region,whether they had received sleep management training were the influencing factors of pediatric ICU nurses'total score of knowledge,attitude and practice towards children's sleep management(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nurses in pediatric ICU are positive about sleep management for critically ill children,but their knowledge and practice levels need to improve.Nursing managers should strengthen the theoretical knowledge and practical behavioral training of pediatric ICU nurses on child sleep management,develop scientific sleep management plans,and guide nurses to make reasonable evaluation and interventions to improve children's sleep quality.

Robotic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery for right colon cancer has been conducted with progressive refinements. To facilitate the standardized implementation of this surgical technique, the adoption of rigorous quality control measures is paramount. The present article outlines the key aspects of quality control for robotic natural orifice specimen extraction right hemicolectomy surgery, encompassing the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases, as well as the training and credentialing requirements for the operating surgeons, with the aim of providing a reference framework to facilitate the safe and reliable implementation and dissemination of this minimally invasive approach for right colon cancer.

Robotic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery for right colon cancer has been conducted with progressive refinements. To facilitate the standardized implementation of this surgical technique, the adoption of rigorous quality control measures is paramount. The present article outlines the key aspects of quality control for robotic natural orifice specimen extraction right hemicolectomy surgery, encompassing the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases, as well as the training and credentialing requirements for the operating surgeons, with the aim of providing a reference framework to facilitate the safe and reliable implementation and dissemination of this minimally invasive approach for right colon cancer.

The use of nitrification inhibitors has been suggested as a strategy to decrease cadmium(Cd)accumulation in crops.However,the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd accumulation remains to be elucidated,and whether and how changes in soil microbial structure are involved in this process also remains unclear.To address these questions,this study applied three commercial nitrification inhibitors,namely,dicyandiamide(DCD),3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP),and nitrapyrin(NP),to pakchoi.The results showed that both DCD and DMPP(but not NP)could efficiently decrease Cd concentrations in pakchoi in urea-and ammonium-fertilized soils.In addition,among the three tested nitrification inhibitors,DMPP was the most efficient in decreasing the Cd concentration in pakchoi.The nitrification inhibitors decreased pakchoi Cd concentrations by suppressing acidification-induced Cd availability and reshaping the soil microbial structure;the most effective nitrification inhibitor was DMPP.Ammonia oxidation generates the most protons during nitrification and is inhibited by nitrification inhibitors.Changes in environmental factors and predatory bacterial abundance caused by the nitrification inhibitors changed the soil microbial structure and increased the potential participants in plant Cd accumulation.In summary,our study identified DMPP as the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd contamination and observed that the soil microbial structural changes caused by the nitrification inhibitors contributed to decreasing Cd concentration in pakchoi.

Objective:To analyze the short and mid-term efficacy of aortic valvuloplasty with autopericardium on children with aortic valve diseases.Methods:A total of 26 children with aortic valve diseases (stenosis or regurgitation) who underwent aortic valvuloplasty with autopericardium in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from September 2017 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The short-term and mid-term follow-up data were collected.The maximum aortic valve pressure gradient, subaortic regurgitation area, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were compared before and after operation.Paired t test was used to analyze the short-term and mid-term efficacy of aortic valvuloplasty with autopericardium on children with aortic valve diseases. Results:All 26 cases were successfully operated, and there were no deaths and serious complications during the follow-up period of (22.96±6.45) months.There was a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative maximum aortic valve pressure gradient at 1 month ( t=7.85, P<0.05), 6 months ( t=6.43, P<0.05), 1 year ( t=6.16, P<0.05) and 2 years postoperatively ( t=4.22, P<0.05) in children with aortic stenosis or that combined with mild-to-moderate closure.The follow-up data of 9 children with simple aortic stenosis showed that there was a significant difference between the preoperative (8.87±3.57) cm 2 and postoperative aortic regurgitation area at 1 month ( t=6.85, P<0.05), 6 months ( t=5.13, P<0.05), 1 year ( t=6.62, P<0.05) and 2 years postoperatively ( t=5.41, P<0.05). The LVEDV of 26 children was significantly lower at 6 months[(63.54±27.61) mL], 1 year [(53.61±20.20) mL] and 2 years postoperatively [(64.39±17.78) mL] compared with that of preoperative level[(89.42±45.89) mL]( t=3.89, 4.67, 3.58, all P<0.05). The left ventricular pressure and volume decreased, the enlarged heart was narrowed down, and the geometry of the heart was restored.The LVEF of 26 patients also from (61.65±9.67)% before surgery increased to (67.88±4.69)% 6 months after surgery( t=3.68, P<0.05), and increased to (68.62±4.46)% 1 year after surgery( t=4.01, P<0.05), and increased to (67.55±3.09)% 2 years after operation( t=3.01, P<0.05), and the heart function was improved. Conclusions:Aortic valvuloplasty with autopericardium presents an effective short and mid-term efficacy on children with aortic valve diseases, which prevents or delays the aortic valve replacement.

BACKGROUND: Islet transplantation is currently considered the most promising method for treating insulin-dependent diabetes. The two most-studied artificial islets are alginate-encapsulated b cells or b cell spheroids. As three-dimensional (3D) models, both artificial islets have better insulin secretory functions and transplantation efficiencies than cells in twodimensional (2D) monolayer culture. However, the effects of these two methods have not been compared yet. Therefore, in this study, cells from the mouse islet b cell line Min6 were constructed as scaffold-free spheroids or alginate-encapsulated dispersed cells. METHODS: MIN6 cell spheroids were prepared by using Agarose-base microwell arrays. The insulin secretion level was determined by mouse insulin ELISA kit, and the gene and protein expression status of the MIN6 were performed by Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot, respectively. RESULTS: Both 3D cultures effectively promoted the proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin release (GSIS) of MIN6 cells compared to 2D adherent cells. Furthermore, 1% alginate-encapsulated MIN6 cells demonstrated more significant effects than the spheroids. In general, three pancreatic genes were expressed at higher levels in response to the 3D culture than to the 2D culture, and pancreatic/duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1) expression was higher in the cells encapsulated in 1% alginate than that in the spheroids. A western blot analysis showed that 1% alginate-encapsulated MIN6 cells activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT)/forkhead transcription factor FKHR (FoxO1) pathway more than the spheroids, 0.5% alginate-, or 2% alginate-encapsulated cells did. The 3D MIN6 culture, therefore, showed improved effects compared to the 2D culture, and the 1% alginate-encapsulated MIN6 cells exhibited better effects than the spheroids. The upregulation of PDX1 expression through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway may mediate the improved cell proliferation and GSIS in 1% alginate-encapsulated MIN6 cells. CONCLUSION This study may contribute to the construction of in vitro culture systems for pancreatic islets to meet clinical requirements.

Objective To develop an evidence-based,localized practice protocol for the interhospital transfer of critically ill children.Methods Through a comprehensive evidence summary and semi-structured interviews,a preliminary inter-hospital transfer practice protocol for critically ill children was formulated.A panel of 31 experts from 12 hospitals in China participated in 2 rounds of expert correspondence between May and July 2022,facilitating meticulous revision of the protocol entries.Results The response rate for both rounds of questionnaires was 100%,and the expert authority coefficients ranged from 0.926 to 0.931.In the second round of consultation,the coefficient of variation for the importance score of each entry ranged from 0.036 to 0.226,and the Kendall's W was determined to be 0.201(P＜0.001).Additionally,the coefficient of variation for the feasibility score of each entry fell within the range of 0.070 to 0.314,with Kendall's W of 0.124(P＜0.001).Ultimately,the final interhospital transfer protocol for critically ill children comprised 8 level Ⅰ entries,16 level Ⅱ entries,and 75 level Ⅲ entries.Conclusion The interhospital transfer protocol constructed in this study is grounded in scientific evidence and exhibits practical feasibility.It serves as a valuable reference for organizing and implementing interhospital transfers of critically ill children.

Objective To retrieve,appraise and integrate the relevant evidence of non-pharmacological sleep management measures in critically ill children.Methods We conducted a systematical search on the topic of non-pharmacological sleep management measures in critically ill children across multiple databases,including BMJ best practice,UpToDate,International Guidelines International Network,National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,Registered Nurses'Association of Ontario,Joanna Briggs Institute Library,the American Academy of Sleep Medicine,International Pediatric Sleep Association,CNKI,WanFang database,VIP database,SinoMed,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,and CINAHL.The literature retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to February 2023.The study design includes clinical practice guideline,evidence summary,clinical decision-making,expert consensus,and systematic review.The evidence was extracted and summarized according to the subject after the independent literature quality evaluation by 2 researchers.Results 10 relevant pieces of literature were identified,including 2 guidelines,1 consensus statement,4 systematic reviews,2 evidence summaries,and 1 top clinical decision.These sources provided a total of 28 pieces of evidence across 5 key themes,including sleep assessment,management principles and education,environmental management and sleep promotion.Conclusion This study summarizes the best available evidence on non-pharmacological sleep management measures in critically ill children.It is recommended that healthcare professionals should consider the clinical context when implementing evidence-based interventions,aiming to reduce nocturnal awakenings,extend sleep duration,and improve sleep quality in critically ill children.