Objective:To investigate the efficacy of iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy versus root canal therapy for the management of cariously exposed pulp in deciduous molars. Methods:A total of 62 teeth from eligible patients who received treatment at Hefei Stomatological Clinical College (Hefei Stomatological Hospital), Anhui Medical University between September 2021 and March 2022 were selected for the study. These teeth were randomly treated either with iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy (pulpotomy group, n = 31) or root canal therapy (root canal therapy group, n = 31). Follow-up examinations were conducted at 6, 12, and 18 months post-treatment to compare the success rates of treatment between the two groups. Results:The success rates of treatment at 6, 12, and 18 months post-treatment in the pulpotomy group were 100.0% (31/31), 100.0% (31/31), and 96.8% (30/31), respectively, while in the root canal therapy group, they were 100.0% (31/31), 93.5% (29/31), and 80.6% (25/31). The success rates in the pulpotomy group were significantly higher than those in the root canal therapy group at both 12 and 18 months post-treatment, with a statistically significant difference observed at 18 months (χ2 = 4.02, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy procedure yields a more favorable and stable outcome compared with root canal therapy for managing cariously exposed pulp in deciduous molars.

Objective:To analyze the clinical, genetic mutation characteristics, and treatment prognosis of type 2A hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) in China.Methods:Peripheral blood samples and clinical data of patients with primary iron overload were collected through the China Registry of Genetic/Metabolic Liver Disease from June 2015 to November 2023. HH-related genes were detected by Sanger sequencing. Clinical characteristics and gene mutation characteristics of HH patients carrying HJV gene mutations were analyzed.Results:Among the 37 cases with primary iron overload, ten cases (27.0%, 10/37) had detectable HJV gene mutations, which included four homozygous mutations, five compound heterozygous mutations, and one monoheterozygous mutation. p.Q6H and p.C321X (80.0%, 8/10) were the most common mutated sites. The average age of onset was 30.7±14.7 years. The age of diagnosis was 35.7±16.2 years, with male-to-female ratio of 7:3. Ferritin and transferrin saturation were (5 267±905) ng/ml, and 94.3%±1.2%, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging showed iron overload in the liver, pancreas, and myocardium. Liver biopsy showed diffuse iron deposition within hepatocytes. All ten cases had elevated transaminases; one case (1/10, 10.0%) had liver cirrhosis; four cases (4/10, 40.0%) had heart failure and arrhythmia; five cases (5/10, 50.0%) had diabetes; six cases (6/10, 60.0%) had hypogonadism; six cases (6/10, 60.0%) had skin pigmentation; and six cases (6/10, 60.0%) had fatigue symptoms. All six cases underwent bloodletting therapy, and ferritin levels dropped to about 100 ng/ml. Two cases of oral administration of the iron chelator deferasirox did not meet the ferritin level standard, and one case died from acute heart failure following a confirmed diagnosis during hospitalization.Conclusion:The HJV gene may be one of the main pathogenic genes of HH in China. The p.Q6H and p.C321X mutations were one of the hotspot mutations. The onset age of HJV gene-related HH was between 20 and 30 years old, and their condition was severe. Therefore, early bloodletting treatment can have a favorable outcome.

The dominant eye is the eye that plays a significant role in visual perception.It plays an essential role in binocular vision and fusion functions with a complex formation mechanism.According to the principle of the dominant eye examination method, ocular dominance can be classified into sighting, motor, and sensory dominance.Changes in visual acuity or visual function due to the unbalanced progression of binocular disease may lead to the switch in the dominant eye, affecting the balance of binocular vision and the therapeutic effect.Therefore, misjudging or neglecting of the dominant eye will change the long-term visual balance between the eyes, which may affect people's visual quality and quality of life.These aspects are mainly represented in the process of refractive error correction, refractive surgery, strabismus correction surgery, amblyopia training methods and cataract intraocular lens measurement.The formulation of medical plans based on the strategy of the dominant eye can remarkably improve the reconstruction good binocular vision and the quality of life of patients.However, the role of the dominant eye in binocular vision is not fully understood, and clinicians are not sufficiently aware of its importance.Therefore, this study will review the latest research progress on the mechanism of dominant eye formation, examination methods, and clinical significance of dominant eye switching.

Objective Genotypes(G)1,3,and 5 of the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)have been isolated in China,but the dominant genotype circulating in Chinese coastal areas remains unknown.We searched for G5 JEV-infected cases and attempted to elucidate which JEV genotype was most closely related to human Japanese encephalitis(JE)in the coastal provinces of China. Methods In this study,we collected serum specimens from patients with JE in three coastal provinces of China(Guangdong,Zhejiang,and Shandong)from 2018 to 2020 and conducted JEV cross-neutralization tests against G1,G3,and G5. Results Acute serum specimens from clinically reported JE cases were obtained for laboratory confirmation from hospitals in Shandong(92 patients),Zhejiang(192 patients),and Guangdong(77 patients),China,from 2018 to 2020.Seventy of the 361 serum specimens were laboratory-confirmed to be infected with JEV.Two cases were confirmed to be infected with G1 JEV,32 with G3 JEV,and two with G5 JEV. Conclusion G3 was the primary infection genotype among JE cases with a definite infection genotype,and the infection caused by G5 JEV was confirmed serologically in China.

Objective:To analyze the growth characteristics of different genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in different cell lines, and to provide scientific basis for the selection of cell lines in the study of JEV.Methods:BHK-21, Vero, C6/36, PK-15, DF-1, N2a, SH-sy5y and MDCK cell lines were selected. The proliferation ability of genotype 1 (NX1889 strain), genotype 3 (P3 strain) and genotype 5 (XZ0934 strain) JEV in these cell lines was evaluated by plaque assay and RT-qPCR.Results:Significant cytopathogenic effects (CPE) were observed in BHK-21, Vero, C6/36, DF-1, N2a and PK-15 cell lines across all three JEV genotypes. However, no significant differences in CPE characteristics were observed within the same cell line. SH-sy5y and MDCK cell lines did not show significant CPE, but virus proliferation was detected in SH-sy5y cell line, while MDCK cell line were found to be insensitive to JEV. No significant difference was observed in the proliferation curves of G1, G3 and G5 JEV in BHK-21, Vero and SH-sy5y cell lines. In C6/36 and PK-15 cell lines, the titer of G1 JEV was higher than that of G3 and G5. In DF-1 cell line, G5 demonstrated a higher titer than the other two genotypes, whereas in N2a cell line, G5 showed a lower titer than the other two.Conclusions:There are differences in the proliferation of three different genotypes of JEV in different cell lines, which can provide reference for the study of JEV in different directions.

Objectives:To investigate the screening status of warning signs for mental and behavioral development (WS) and influencing factors of infants and young children (IYC) in poverty eliminated regions of Henan Province.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 15 680 IYC aged 6-23 months from 51 poverty eliminated counties in Henan province from June to September of 2023 were selected through a multi-stage random sampling method. IYC′s early warning signs were screened using the WS checklist (WSC). Children′s socio-demographic characteristics, maternal information, birth status, and illness conditions such as fever and diarrhea within 2 weeks were measured through a uniformly designed questionnaire. All participants also received the measurement of height, weight, and hemoglobin concentration level. Logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of positive WSC and conducted sensitivity analyses.Results:Among the sample of 15 680 IYC, there were 8 462 boys (53.97%) and 7 218 girls (49.03%), with their age of (15±5) months. A total of 291 (1.86%) IYC were positive in WSC. Parenting risk ( OR=5.07, 95% CI 3.93-6.52, P<0.001) and preterm birth ( OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.06-2.52, P=0.027) were both positively associated with the odds of WSC′s positivity. Being girls ( OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.85, P=0.001), age (12-17 months, OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.35-0.62, P<0.001; 18-23 months, OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.30-0.54, P<0.001), and maternal educational level (junior high school, OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.32-0.66, P<0.001; senior high school or vocational high school, OR=0.35, 95% CI 0.23-0.56, P<0.001; college and above, OR=0.36, 95% CI 0.23-0.57, P<0.001) were all negatively associated with the risk of WSC′s positivity. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that, after excluding anemic children, the association between preterm birth and WSC′s positivity was not significant ( OR=1.54, 95% CI 0.95-2.49, P=0.081). Despite this situation, being girls, age and maternal educational level were still negatively associated with the odds of WSC′s positivity (all P<0.05); preterm birth, parenting risk were remained positive associated with the risk of WSC′s positivity (all P<0.05) either by excluding children with protein-energy malnutrition or 2-week morbidity, or using prevalence ratio instead of OR. Conclusions:Among the IYC in poverty eliminated regions of Henan Province, the risk of positivity of WSC was higher for those IYC with parenting risk, preterm birth, boys, younger age, and lower maternal education level. These influencing factors, such as gender, age, preterm birth, parenting risk and maternal educational level, were in certain stability across different IYC characteristics and estimation models.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a serious disease commonly encountered in the emergency department and can precipitate systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. However, its etiology and pathogenesis are complex and have not been fully elucidated. Clinical studies can provide some data on the etiology, pathophysiology, and outcome associated with the disease. However, research on SAP cannot be carried out in humans directly for ethical considerations. It is very important to establish an appropriate animal model of SAP to elucidate its pathogenesis and seek innovative therapeutic methods. In this paper, we reviewed the latest research progress at home and abroad in animal models of SAP over the past several years.

Objective:In this study, the collected mosquito samples were subjected to viral isolation to identify the species and branch characteristics of arboviruses in five regions of Shanxi Province.Methods:Eight arboviruses in mosquito samples collected from July to September 2020 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and virus isolation was carried out through cell culture. Virus isolates were identified and analyzed by molecular biology and bioinformatics method.Results:We detected 1 batch of positive samples of Japanese encephalitis virus, 2 batches of positive samples of Culex flavivirus and 8 batches of positive samples of Nam Dinh virus among 121 batches of mosquito samples. Seven virus isolates were isolated, numbered: SX-YJ-Cxp-4、SX-YJ-Ars-2、SX-YJ-Cxp-1、SX-LY-Cxp-10、SX-GP-Ars-5、SX-GP-Cxp-2、SX-GP-Cxp-4, all of which were identified as Nam Dinh virus, and the whole genome sequencing was performed on one of them, and the result showed that Shanxi Nam Dinh virus isolate and Yunnan Nam Dinh virus isolate belonged to the same evolutionary branch.Conclusions:Nam Dinh virus was isolated and identified on the specimen from Shanxi province for the first time.

Objective:To determine the evaluation indexes of national standard strains of genotypes 1, 3 and 5 of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and evaluate the national standard JEV strains.Methods:According to the national standard strain evaluation technical standards of pathogenic microbial bacteria (virus) species, based on the application of Japanese encephalitis virus research, and according to the morphological characteristics, biological characteristics, molecular biological characteristics and other research data to identify the characteristics of G1, G3 and G5 genotypes of JEV.Results:Spherical virus particles with a diameter of about 60 nm were visible under electron microscope of the three Japanese encephalitis virus strains. The cytopathic effect was mainly characterized by cell shrinkage and exfoliation in BHK-21 and Vero cell lines, cell fusion and exfoliation were shown after infection with C6/36 cell line; the virus titer was 10 5-10 7 PFU/ml, and the plaque size was different by genotype. The median lethal dose of intrabitoneal challenge in G1, G3 and G5 JEV in three weeks-old mice was 50.51 PFU, 6.98 PFU, and 8.13 PFU, and the median lethal dose of intracranial challenge in five weeks mice was 3 PFU, 0.3 PFU, 1.35 PFU. The whole genome length of G1, G3 and G5 JEV was 10 967 bp, 10 976 bp and 10 983 bp, respectively. Conclusions:Three genotypic national standard strains of JE V were identified and evaluated by electron microscopy, cell, animal and genome laboratory indexes, which provided reference for the identification and evaluation of other national standard strains of JEV.

Objective:To establish a rapid method for the detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) by recombinase-aid amplification (RAA).Methods:The whole genome sequences of VZV were downloaded from the global shared database for comparison and analysis. Specific primers and probe were designed for the four conserved genes respectively and the optimal combination was selected. The optimal reaction system was selected through the concentration gradient of primers and probes, and a fluorescence RAA detection method was established. The sensitivity of the method was evaluated with VZV positive plasmid standard and clinical samples with gradient dilution, the repeatability of the method was evaluated with the lowest detectable limit concentration of positive plasmid standard, and the specificity of other viral nucleic acid method was evaluated. At the same time, this method and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to detect clinical samples and the result were compared.Results:The optimal combination of primer pair F2/R2 and probe P2 targeting open reading frame (ORF) 28 gene was selected. Considering the cost factor, the optimal primer concentration was set at 500 nmol/L and the optimal probe concentration was 280 nmol/L. The minimum detection limit was 10 1 copies/μL, and the minimum clinical positive samples with a Ct value of 36.027 could be detected, and the result of repeated experiments were consistent. The method has no cross-reaction with other viral nucleic acids. The detection rate of clinical positive samples was 93.33%, which was almost identical to that of qPCR. Conclusions:This method is simple to operate with high sensitivity, strong specificity, low requirements for experimental conditions, visual detection result, and can detect VZV nucleic acid in samples within 20 minutes, which is a rapid VZV detection method that can be considered for clinical use for detection.