AIM: To investigate the influence of relevant inflammatory markers in peripheral blood on the progression of neovascular glaucoma(NVG)secondary to diabetic retinopathy(DR)patients.METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of NVG: those with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)alone(PDR group, n=148)and those with NVG secondary to PDR(NVG secondary to PDR group, n=142). Peripheral blood inflammatory markers were evaluated, including white blood cell-related indices, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index(SII). The distinctions in peripheral blood inflammatory markers between the two groups of patients and their relationships with NVG secondary to PDR were analyzed.RESULTS:No statistically significant differences were observed in basic characteristics between the two groups, confirming their comparability. However, significant differences were found in eosinophil percentage and MLR between the PDR group and the NVG secondary to PDR group(all P<0.05), with both values being significantly higher in the NVG secondary to PDR group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the eosinophil percentage and the MLR were factors influencing the development of patients with NVG secondary to PDR.CONCLUSION: Eosinophil percentage and MLR may be associated with the progression of PDR to NVG, and could serve as potential predictive markers for NVG development in PDR patients.

Objective To explore the safety of Yttrium-90 resin microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) on malignant liver tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 64 patients with malignant liver tumors who underwent ⁹⁰Y-SIRT from February 2023 to November 2024 at Weifang People’s Hospital. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the occurrence of adverse reactions after treatment were analyzed to assess the safety of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT. Results Among the 64 patients, there were 52 males (81.25%) and 12 females (18.75%); the average age was (56.29±11.08) years. Seven patients (10.94%) had tumors with maximum diameter of less than 5 cm, 38 patients (59.38%) had tumors with maximum diameter of 5-10 cm, and 19 patients (29.68%) had tumors with maximum diameter of greater than 10 cm. There were 47 cases (73.44%) of solitary lesions and 17 cases (26.56%) of multiple lesions; 53 cases (82.81%) were primary liver cancers and 11 cases (17.19%) were metastatic liver cancers. Of the 64 patients, 63 successfully completed the Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (^99mTc-MAA) perfusion test and received the ⁹⁰Y-SIRT; one patient received ⁹⁰Y-SIRT after the second ^99mTc-MAA perfusion test due to a work error. The most common adverse reactions included grade 1 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in 26 cases (40.62%) and grade 2 in 2 cases (9.37%), grade 1 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation in 27 cases (42.18%) and grade 2 in 7 cases (10.93%); grade 1 nausea in 17 cases (26.56%) and grade 2 in 6 cases (9.37%); grade 1 abdominal pain in 12 cases (18.75%), grade 2 in 5 cases (7.81%), and grade 3 in 1 case (1.56%); grade 1 vomiting in 11 cases (17.18%), grade 2 in 5 cases (7.81%), and grade 3 in 1 case (1.56%). Conclusion The adverse reactions of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT for treating malignant liver tumors are mild, indicating good safety.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of relaxing needling at the contracted sites of meridian-muscle regions in the patients with post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) at acute stage. METHODS: Eighty patients with post-stroke SHS at acute stage were randomized into an observation group (40 cases, 1 case dropped out) and a control group (40 cases, 1 case was eliminated). In the control group, the routine medication, basic rehabilitation training, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy were administered. In the observation group, besides the treatment as the control group, relaxing needling was delivered at the contracted sites of meridian-muscle regions. These contracted sites were distributed along three yin meridians of hand and three yang meridians of hand on the affected upper limbs. The intervention was given once daily, 5 times a week and for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, edema degree, modified Barthel index (MBI), and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) for motor function, and the integrated electromyography (iEMG) of surface electromyogram (sEMG) were observed in the two groups. The curative effect was evaluated after treatment and in follow-up of 2 months after treatment in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, VAS scores and the scores of edema degree were reduced when compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). MBI and FMA scores increased after treatment compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), and the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) after treatment. The iEMG values of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and wrist extensors were elevated after treatment in comparison with those before treatment (P<0.05) in the two groups, and the values in the observation group were larger than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). The total clinical effective rate in the observation group was 92.3% (36/39), which was better than that of the control group (74.4%, 29/39, P<0.05) after treatment; and that of the observation group was 97.4% (38/39), which was better than 82.1% (32/39) in the control group (P<0.05) in follow-up. CONCLUSION Relaxing needling at the contracted sites of meridian-muscle regions in treatment of post-stroke SHS at acute stage can attenuate the symptoms such as upper limb pain, swelling and spasm, improve motor function and the activity of daily living of patients.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Meridians ; Stroke/complications* ; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy/etiology* ; Adult ; Acupuncture Points

Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and deadly malignancies worldwide, with persistently low five-year survival rates. This poor prognosis is primarily attributed to challenges such as difficulties in early diagnosis, high tumor heterogeneity, and strong therapeutic resistance. Although recent advances in targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved the prognosis of some patients, the majority still encounter primary or secondary resistance. Galectin-3, a multifunctional glycan-binding protein, is constitutively expressed in pulmonary tissues. Its expression encompasses bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, the pulmonary vasculature, and resident immune cells. Galectin-3 plays a central role in lung cancer progression by regulating tumor cell proliferation, immune evasion, and angiogenesis. The complex immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment not only facilitate tumor growth and metastasis but also partially limit the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Overcoming these barriers requires the exploration of novel regulatory targets to break through therapeutic bottlenecks. This review systematically elucidates the mechanisms by which galectin-3 interacts with immune cells (e.g., T cells, macrophages) in the tumor microenvironment and evaluates its potential as a therapeutic target, including inhibitor development and combination immunotherapy strategies. The findings aim to provide a theoretical foundation for advancing galectin-3 as a novel therapeutic target in lung cancer and offer new perspectives for overcoming current immunotherapy resistance.
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Galectin 3/genetics* ; Animals ; Immunomodulation ; Immunotherapy

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective:To investigate the effects of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on the readmission rate, complication rate, mortality rate and survival of patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods:From January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022, 395 hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis at Tianmen Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical data were collected from the patients at their first hospitalization (baseline period) and re-hospitalization during follow-up period. The 18-month follow-up was divided into 4 periods, including the first period (from the 0th to the 3rd month), the second one was from the 4th to the 6th month, the third one was from the 7th to the 12th month, and the fourth one was from the 13th to the 18th month of follow-up. The prognostic value of PNI for patients with liver cirrhosis was evaluated through the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the baseline PNI. The 395 patients were divided into the low PNI group and the high PNI group based on the optimal cut-off value of PNI on the ROC. Patients readmitted during each follow-up period were divided into the PNI improvement group (PNI at follow-up -PNI at baseline>0) and the PNI non-improvement group (PNI at follow-up-PNI at baseline ≤0). Independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test were used for statistical analysis. Survival curves depicting the relationship between PNI and overall survival rate of patients with liver cirrhosis were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results:The ROC analysis indicated that the optimal cut-off value of PNI at baseline was 32.65, with an area under the curve of 0.639 (95% confidence interval: 0.541 to 0.738, P=0.011), with a sensitivity of 0.567 and a specificity of 0.701. There were 269 cases in the high PNI group and 126 cases in the low PNI group. The readmission rate, complication rate and mortality rate in the low PNI group were all higher than those in the high PNI group at the first and fourth follow-up periods (32.5% (41/126) vs. 22.3% (60/269), 31.7% (40/126) vs. 20.4% (55/269), 6.3% (8/126) vs. 1.1% (3/269), 25.0% (29/116) vs. 16.2% (42/260), 25.0% (29/116) vs. 15.4% (40/260), 6.0% (7/116) vs. 1.5% (4/260)), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.72, 6.00, 6.86, 4.10, 4.95, and 4.24; P=0.030, 0.014, 0.009, 0.043, 0.026, and 0.040). The mortality rates of the PNI improvement group at the first and fourth follow-up periods were both lower than those of the PNI non-improvement group (4.3% (2/47) vs. 16.7% (9/54), 0 (0/24) vs. 23.4% (11/47)), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=3.99, Fisher′s exact test; P=0.046 and 0.012). There were no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the PNI improvement group and the PNI non-improvement group at each follow-up period (all P>0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated that the average survival time of the high PNI group was longer than that of the low PNI group (17.54 months (95% confidence interval: 17.26 to 17.83 months) vs. 16.74 months (95% confidence interval: 16.96 to 17.52 months), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.18, P<0.001). The survival rate of the high PNI group at the 18th month of follow-up period was higher than that of the low PNI group (95.2% (256/269) vs. 86.5% (109/126), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.17, P=0.002). Conclusions:PNI has certain predictive efficacy for the survival period of patients with liver cirrhosis. Low-level PNI may increase the readmission rate, complication rate, and mortality of patients with liver cirrhosis, and shorten the survival period, indicating poor prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the effects of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on the readmission rate, complication rate, mortality rate and survival of patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods:From January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022, 395 hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis at Tianmen Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical data were collected from the patients at their first hospitalization (baseline period) and re-hospitalization during follow-up period. The 18-month follow-up was divided into 4 periods, including the first period (from the 0th to the 3rd month), the second one was from the 4th to the 6th month, the third one was from the 7th to the 12th month, and the fourth one was from the 13th to the 18th month of follow-up. The prognostic value of PNI for patients with liver cirrhosis was evaluated through the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the baseline PNI. The 395 patients were divided into the low PNI group and the high PNI group based on the optimal cut-off value of PNI on the ROC. Patients readmitted during each follow-up period were divided into the PNI improvement group (PNI at follow-up -PNI at baseline>0) and the PNI non-improvement group (PNI at follow-up-PNI at baseline ≤0). Independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test were used for statistical analysis. Survival curves depicting the relationship between PNI and overall survival rate of patients with liver cirrhosis were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results:The ROC analysis indicated that the optimal cut-off value of PNI at baseline was 32.65, with an area under the curve of 0.639 (95% confidence interval: 0.541 to 0.738, P=0.011), with a sensitivity of 0.567 and a specificity of 0.701. There were 269 cases in the high PNI group and 126 cases in the low PNI group. The readmission rate, complication rate and mortality rate in the low PNI group were all higher than those in the high PNI group at the first and fourth follow-up periods (32.5% (41/126) vs. 22.3% (60/269), 31.7% (40/126) vs. 20.4% (55/269), 6.3% (8/126) vs. 1.1% (3/269), 25.0% (29/116) vs. 16.2% (42/260), 25.0% (29/116) vs. 15.4% (40/260), 6.0% (7/116) vs. 1.5% (4/260)), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.72, 6.00, 6.86, 4.10, 4.95, and 4.24; P=0.030, 0.014, 0.009, 0.043, 0.026, and 0.040). The mortality rates of the PNI improvement group at the first and fourth follow-up periods were both lower than those of the PNI non-improvement group (4.3% (2/47) vs. 16.7% (9/54), 0 (0/24) vs. 23.4% (11/47)), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=3.99, Fisher′s exact test; P=0.046 and 0.012). There were no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the PNI improvement group and the PNI non-improvement group at each follow-up period (all P>0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated that the average survival time of the high PNI group was longer than that of the low PNI group (17.54 months (95% confidence interval: 17.26 to 17.83 months) vs. 16.74 months (95% confidence interval: 16.96 to 17.52 months), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.18, P<0.001). The survival rate of the high PNI group at the 18th month of follow-up period was higher than that of the low PNI group (95.2% (256/269) vs. 86.5% (109/126), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.17, P=0.002). Conclusions:PNI has certain predictive efficacy for the survival period of patients with liver cirrhosis. Low-level PNI may increase the readmission rate, complication rate, and mortality of patients with liver cirrhosis, and shorten the survival period, indicating poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and complications of endoscopic tandem ligation and hemorrhoids ligation.Methods Clinical data of 120 patients with grade Ⅰ～Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids who were hospitalized due to hematochezia from November 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different surgical methods,60 patients who received endoscopic hemorrhoid ligation were divided into control group;60 patients who underwent endoscopic tandem ligation were divided into treatment group.The effective rate of hemorrhoidal hemorrhage,the effect of internal hemorrhoidal prolapse and the incidence of postoperative complications were compared between two groups within 6 months after operation.Results The effective rate of internal hemorrhoidal bleeding was 100.00％in both groups,and the efficacy of the treatment group in the treatment of degree Ⅱ internal hemorrhoidal prolapse was similar to that in the control group(P＞0.05),but the treatment group was significantly better than the control group in the treatment of degree Ⅲ internal hemorrhoidal prolapse(P＜0.01),the postoperative anal pain in the treatment group was significantly more than the control group(P＜0.05);There were no significant differences in postoperative perianal pain,urinary retention,and abnormal defecation between the two groups(P＞0.05).No thrombotic external hemorrhoids occured in two groups.Conclusion The short-term efficacy of endoscopic tandem ligation and hemorrhoidal ligation in the treatment of internal hemorrhoidal bleeding is similar and both achieved satisfactory results,the short-term efficacy of the two in the treatment of degree Ⅱ internal hemorrhoidal prolapse is similar,the short-term efficacy of the former in the treatment of degree Ⅲ internal hemorrhoidal prolapse is significantly better,the feeling of anal heaviness in the treatment group is more than that in the control group,and there is no striking difference in the other complications.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nARMD)is a prevalent age-related retinal disease that significantly impairs vision. Numerous studies have shown that lipid metabolism disorders contribute to the progression of nARMD. The relationship is complex and involved factors such as fatty acids, cholesterol, variations in lipid metabolism genes, and other influencing factors. Lipid metabolism disorders lead to retinal vascular abnormalities and inflammatory responses by triggering oxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy. This, in turn, accelerates the formation of new blood vessels and causes damage to macular cells and tissues. In animal experiments, drugs designed for lipid metabolism disorders have shown that regulating lipid metabolism could be a potentially effective strategy for treating nARMD. This article reviews the role of lipid metabolism in the progression and treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, aiming to offer new insights for nARMD treatment.