Background and aims:Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a common chronic condition that can lead to cancer due to its complex pathogenesis.Therapeutic agents targeting AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)activation have been suggested as potential treatments for metabolic disorders such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH).Rhizoma Atractylodis Mac-rocephalae(RAM)has been clinically used to treat obesity-related health problems,but its therapeutic effects on MAFLD and the underlying mechanism remain unclear.Therefore,this study was conducted to evaluate the function and underlying mechanism of RAM in the treatment of MAFLD.Methods:The effect of RAM decoction on MAFLD was evaluated using a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced MAFLD mouse model.In vitro studies were conducted using a palmitic acid/oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation model in the alpha mouse liver 12 cells and RAM-containing serum.The underlying mechanisms were elucidated through a combination of network pharmacology analysis,immunohis-tochemistry,western blotting,and polymerase chain reaction analysis.Results:Administration of RAM decoction significantly reduced body weight gain in MAFLD mice without changing food intake.The weights of the liver and inguinal adipose tissues were also reduced after RAM treatment.Additionally,RAM administration decreased serum levels of alanine aminotrans-ferase,aspartate transaminase,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and glucose,while reducing lipid droplet accumulation in the liver tissues of MAFLD mice.The underlying mechanisms included the activation of the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC),and inhibition of the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(SREBP1).However,RAM did not alter the protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α.Furthermore,the RAM-induced upregulation of phosphorylated AMPK,phos-phorylated ACC,and SREBP1 expression,as well as the downregulation of fatty acid synthase expression,were reversed by using an AMPK inhibitor.Conclusions:Through a combination of network pharmacology and experimental validation,we demonstrated that RAM may exert therapeutic effects on MAFLD by inhibiting lipid synthesis and activating phosphorylated AMPK pathways.

The World Health Organization (WHO) released the “Global report on hypertension” on September 19, 2023. This report systematically summarizes the prevalence, mortality, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in various countries, and elucidates the current situation of hypertension management, and gives a series of suggestions on how to manage hypertension, providing new thinking and inspiration for countries to optimize hypertension management. Through the summary of relevant studies and reports, this paper further reviews the present situation, early identification and management of hypertension.

The Chinese Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation, jointly formulated by the Chinese Society of Cardiology, Chinese Medical Association and the Heart Rhythm Committee of Chinese Society of Biomedical Engineering, was first released on June 15, 2023. The guidelines elaborate the various aspects of atrial fibrillation management, in which emergency management of atrial fibrillation is also an integral part. This article interpreted the emergency management part in the guidelines in detail by reviewing relevant literature.

COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Humans ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Phosphoproteins ; SARS-CoV-2

Photosensitive skin diseases belong to physical skin diseases, which are caused by sunlight. Its clinical features are exposed parts of skin erythema, blisters or pleomorphic lesions, skin burning and itching consciously, and vary in different seasons. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the pathogenesis of the disease lies in accountability phototoxic invasion, in vivo accumulation of heat, and natural tolerance to poor light. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy is often used in typing, syndrome differentiation, combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, Chinese medicine for external use and other means, and has achieved remarkable curative effects. However, there are still many problems about photosensitive skin diseases in the aspect of clinical and basic researches, and should be solved and improved.

BACKGROUND:It has been demonstrated to be effective for the improvement of heart function after acute myocardial infarction with intravenous or intramyocardial administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cels. However, little is known regarding the effect of the combination of intravenous and intramyocardial administration of mesenchymal stromal cels on the heart function of a chronic myocardial infarction model. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of intravenous and intramyocardial administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cels on the heart function of a rat chronic myocardial infarction model and the relevant mechanism. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cels isolated from Lewis rats were expandedex vivo. BrdU-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cels (3×106) were administeredvia the femoral vein and the myocardial surface respectively into rat models of chronic myocardial infarction in cel transplantation group. The equal volume of PBS was injected into the same place in control group. Four weeks after injection, echocardiography was performed to evaluate the heart function, and then the heart tissues were harvested for immunohistochemistry examination. The total blood vessel density in the scar area was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4 weeks after cel implantation, the left ventricular function was not improved in the two groups. The immunohistochemistry staining showed that (1) the mesenchymal stromal cels in the myocardium did not differentiate to myocardial cels; (2) there was no significant difference in the total blood vessel density in the scar area between the cel transplantation and control groups. Taken together, the combined intravenous and intramyocardial administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cels cannot improve heart function in a rat chronic myocardial infarction model.

BACKGROUND:Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) regulates a series of physiological processes and it is considered to play important roles in the gene regulation of development, differentiation and metabolism. MC3T3-E1, C2C12 and C3H10T1/2 cells are able to differentiate into different celllineages, such as bone cells and muscle cells, and they can be used in the study of musculoskeletal diseases.
OBJECTIVE:To study the role of lncRNA in osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2.
METHODS:Osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1, C2C12 and C3H10T1/2 cells was induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2, and microarray expression profiling of lncRNA was undertaken in osteogenic differentiation. LncRNA simultaneous changes in three cells were found out. The siRNA interference of the lncRNA was used to study its effects on the osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2. Real-time PCR and alkaline phosphatase staining were applied to detect osteogenesis related indicators.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the process of osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2, osteogenic differentiation indicators were increased, while myogenic differentiation indicator myogenin was reduced. LncRNA AK007000 was screened out to play a role in osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2. Knockdown of lncRNA AK007000 decreased the expression of osteogenic differentiation indicators, while increased the expression of myogenin. Therefore, AK007000 may play a role in promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting myogenic differentiation.

BACKGROUND:A series of studies indicate that autophagy is closely linked with differentiation. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is the classical pathway for C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast differentiation, and the ideal model to study osteogenic differentiation process.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the relationship between autophagy and BMP-2-induced celllines C2C12, MC3T3-E1 osteoblast differentiation.
METHODS:Real-Time PCR was applied to detect osteogenic differentiation and autophagy related index after C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 were induced with BMP-2 (100μg/L) for 72 hours. The osteogenic index alkaline phosphatase in BMP-2-induced MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cultured with different concentrations of 3-methyladenine (0, 1, 5, 10 mmol/L) was determined with alkaline phosphatase staining. Western blot analysis was applied to detect LC3-I/II expression levels in C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 induced with BMP-2 for different time points (0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The autophagy-related mRNA and protein expression showed an increasing tendency and autophagy-related protein LC3 levels was increased, which was associated with the time, during the BMP-2-induced celllines C2C12, MC3T3-E1 osteoblast differentiation. Meanwhile, alkaline phosphatase expression levels were inhibited by autophagy in the process of osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, there is a close relationship between autophagy and the BMP-2-induced celllines C2C12, MC3T3-E1 osteoblast differentiation.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of self-made spinal expander in treatment of compression fracture of osteoporotic vertebral body.

METHODSNinty-six patients were randomly divided into two groups, treatment group included 42 cases with 56 centrums, 14 males and 28 females, aged from 50 to 69 years, and control group included 54 cases with 68 centrums, 19 males and 35 females, aged from 51 to 75 years. All cases were examined by X-ray and CT. MRI was taken in 27 patients to make sure the diagnosis which was compression fracture of vertebral body due to osteoporosis. The degree of osteoporosis was judged by X-ray of L3 bone trabecula. Fifty-six centrums in treatment group were treated with self-made spinal expander and bone cement. Sixty-eight centrums in control group were treated with PVP. Compression rate and recovery rate of vertebral height, and leakage rate of bone cement were measured according to the Lee standard.

RESULTS(1) VAS between treatment group and control group had significant statistically difference (P<0.05). (2) In treatment group, compression rate of anterior and middle vertebal height were statistical difference before and after operation (P<0.05). In control group, the compression rate of pre-and post-operative vertebal height had no significant difference (P>0.05). (3) The recovery rate of kyphosis between treatment group (71.8%) and control group (37.8%) was significant statistically difference (P<0.05). (4) There was no cement leakage in the treatment group, however the leakage rate in control group was 47%. (5) The curative effect was assessed based on the standard of WHO. In treatment group, 36 cases was completely relieved, 4 cases was partially relieved and the relief rate was 95.24%. In control group, 43 cases was completely relieved, 3 cases was partially relieved and the relief rate was 84.19%. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe self-made spinal expander is a minimal invasive technique, which can substitute the imported balloon. This technique can alleviate pain rapidly and recover the height of vertebral body.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; Osteoporosis ; complications

The author analyzed a contradictory between medical and health sevrice under market economic and standardized medical moral that the patient is urge to hope.The paper further proposed medical establishment and medical staff should regard honest and credit as a basic service reguest to pracice in oroler to win the pafient and other people's confidence.