Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of adverse reactions in whole blood donation in Jinan, Shandong, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of such adverse reactions in this region. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on whole blood donors and adverse reaction cases in Jinan during 2023. To explore influencing factors of adverse reactions, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between adverse reactions and factors such as gender, age, donation organization mode, donation frequency, donation volume, time slot, and health examination results. Results: A total of 122 961 whole blood donations were recorded in Jinan in 2023. Donation-related adverse reactions occurred in 2 054 cases, with an incidence rate of 1.67%. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions across donor characteristics: the rate was higher in females (2.35%, 921/39 192) than in males (1.35%, 1 133/83 769), donors aged 18-25 years had the highest incidence (3.48%, 1 799/51 733), the incidence in group donations (3.13%, 1,737/55 534) was significantly higher than in individual donations (0.47%, 317/67 427), and insufficient blood collection was closely associated with adverse reactions (all P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified group donation, female gender, and a pulse rate of 81-99 beats per minute as risk factors for adverse reactions (all P<0.001), while systolic blood pressure of 116-139 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 76-89 mmHg were protective factors (all P<0.05). Compared to younger and lower-weight donor groups, older and higher-weight donors had a significantly lower risk of adverse reactions (all P<0.05). Donors giving 400 mL had a higher risk than those giving 200 mL (P<0.001). In addition, compared with the donation time slot of 7:00-8:59, the risk of adverse reactions was significantly higher during 9:00-16:59, with the time slot of 13:00-14:59 showing the most prominent risk (all P<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the time slot of 17:00-20:59 and that of 7:00-8:59 (P>0.05). The primary clinical manifestation of adverse reactions was donation-related vasovagal reaction, with mental tension being the leading precipitating factor, accounting for 69.08% (1 419/2 054) of cases. Conclusion: The occurrence of adverse reactions in whole blood donation in the Jinan is influenced by multiple factors, including donor demographic characteristics, donation organization mode, physiological indicators, and time of donation. It is recommended to enhance the identification and intervention for high-risk groups, and optimize donation processes and service models to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, thereby ensuring donor safety and blood quality.

Objective:To establish an ion chromatography-integrated amperometric detection method for iodide in water.Methods:After the water sample was filtered through a filter membrane, the AS 11-HC anion chromatography column of ion chromatography method was used to separate iodide ions under the conditions of 70 mmol/L sodium hydroxide solution as the eluent, injection volume of 100 μl, column temperature of 30 ℃, and flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The results were determined by silver working electrode integral amperometric detection method. Under the optimized experimental conditions, methodological evaluations such as method calibration curves, detection limits, quantification limits, precision, and accuracy were conducted.Results:Iodide followed a square correction curve within the concentration range of 0 - 100 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient ( r) > 0.999 9. The detection limit of the method was 0.30 μg/L, and the quantification limit was 1.00 μg/L. The determination results of the national standard substances GBW09113f and GBW09114f for iodine composition analysis in water were within the reference range [(8.4 ± 1.2), (55 ± 6) μg/L]. The recovery rates of low, medium, and high concentration spiked samples with low background values ranged from 91.7% to 97.2%, and the relative standard deviation ranged from 0.40% to 1.60%. Conclusion:This method has the characteristics of simple water sample pretreatment, high sensitivity, and good accuracy, which can meet the determination of trace iodides in bulk water samples for iodine deficiency disorders monitoring.

Objective:To establish a method for determination of fluoride in water using a fully automated biochemical analyzer (abbreviated as this method).Methods:Based on the parameters of the fully automatic biochemical analyzer, appropriate reagent volumes and reaction time were optimized to determine fluoride ions in water within the standard curve range (0.0 - 2.0 mg/L). The method was validated through evaluation of linear range, detection limit, precision, accuracy, and comparative analysis with the manual measurement results of fluoride reagent spectrophotometric method specified in the "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water - Part 5: Inorganic Nonmetallic indices" (GB/T 5750.5-2023).Results:Within the range of 0.0 - 2.0 mg/L fluoride mass concentration, the absolute values of the correlation coefficients were > 0.999 0 and the detection limit of this method was 0.082 mg/L. The relative standard deviation for the determination of fluoride level in water samples with low, medium and high fluoride mass concentrations was 4.03%, 2.16% and 1.68%, respectively. The spiked recovery rates were 98.1%, 99.5%, and 100.2%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the results obtained by this method and manual measurement ( t = 1.07, P = 0.295). Conclusion:This method exhibits high sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency in detecting fluoride, enabling rapid sample detection through instrumental automation instead of manual operation.

Objective:To establish a method for determination of fluoride in water using a fully automated biochemical analyzer (abbreviated as this method).Methods:Based on the parameters of the fully automatic biochemical analyzer, appropriate reagent volumes and reaction time were optimized to determine fluoride ions in water within the standard curve range (0.0 - 2.0 mg/L). The method was validated through evaluation of linear range, detection limit, precision, accuracy, and comparative analysis with the manual measurement results of fluoride reagent spectrophotometric method specified in the "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water - Part 5: Inorganic Nonmetallic indices" (GB/T 5750.5-2023).Results:Within the range of 0.0 - 2.0 mg/L fluoride mass concentration, the absolute values of the correlation coefficients were > 0.999 0 and the detection limit of this method was 0.082 mg/L. The relative standard deviation for the determination of fluoride level in water samples with low, medium and high fluoride mass concentrations was 4.03%, 2.16% and 1.68%, respectively. The spiked recovery rates were 98.1%, 99.5%, and 100.2%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the results obtained by this method and manual measurement ( t = 1.07, P = 0.295). Conclusion:This method exhibits high sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency in detecting fluoride, enabling rapid sample detection through instrumental automation instead of manual operation.

Severe intra-abdominal infections are life-threatening conditions and a significant challenge for surgeons. This article presents a case of an elderly patient with a severe intra-abdominal infection complicated by an anastomotic leak. This patient had experienced prolonged sepsis and multiple surgical traumas. Upon admission to our department, exploratory surgery revealed extensive bowel edema and adhesions, an anastomotic leak, and abdominal contamination with infection. In accordance with the principles of damage control surgery, the anastomotic leak was exteriorized, the abdomen was left open, and continuous intra-abdominal lavage with dual-lumen catheters was implemented to effectively control the infection. Negative pressure wound therapy was used to manage the open abdomen, and a negative pressure-assisted drainage device was used to manage the enteroatmospheric fistula. After granulation of the abdominal wound, split-thickness skin grafting was performed. The enteroatmospheric fistula was converted into an enterocutaneous fistula. A 3D-printed stoma baseplate was used to manage the digestive fistula. Concurrently, enhanced parenteral and enteral nutritional support was provided. Six months later, the patient successfully underwent definitive fistula resection and abdominal wall defect repair.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the comprehensive management of full-thickness perineal wound dehiscence following pelvic exenteration (PE).Methods:This study employed a descriptive case series design. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 29 patients who developed postoperative perineal wound infections with full-thickness dehiscence after PE. These cases included 16 patients from the Department of General Surgery at Jiangyin People's Hospital (Jiangsu Province) and 13 patients from the Department of Colorectal Surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital). VSD was applied to manage the dehisced wounds, with outcomes assessed based on wound healing time, complications, and follow-up data.Results:A total of 29 patients were included in the study. The operative time for PE was (498 ± 83) minutes. Among them, 23 patients underwent combined sacrococcygeal resection. The median number of VSD devices used was 28 (22, 39). The postoperative perineal wound healing time was 95 (82, 110) days in patients who underwent combined sacrococcygeal resection, 74 (63, 89) days in those without sacrococcygeal resection, 93 (79, 102) days in those treated with simple pelvic-abdominal isolation using a biological basement membrane mesh and 76 (60, 91) days in those who received combined pelvic packing with a pedicled omental flap. All patients uniformly developed Clavien-Dindo grade III complications at 2 weeks postoperatively, manifesting as perineal wound infection and dehiscence, which were successfully managed with VSD therapy. Subsequent evaluation identified delayed (>30 days) grade III complications, including enterocutaneous (3 cases) and urinary (2 cases) fistulae, all requiring surgical revision. All patients completed the follow-up at 6 months postoperatively. Three patients still presented with minimal exudate from the perineal wound, which resolved after standardized wound care and packing with alginate silver ion dressings. Four cases (13.8%) developed stoma high-output syndrome, which improved after oral medication. Eight patients (27.6%) developed adhesive intestinal obstruction, which improved with conservative treatment.Conclusions:VSD demonstrates unique advantages in managing complex wounds. For full-thickness perineal wound dehiscence after PE, VSD is a safe and effective therapeutic strategy.

Objective To explore the safety and accuracy of the disposable pulmonary nodule localization needle under CT-guided in the application for solitary pulmonary nodule(SPN).Methods A retrospective selection was conducted on 150 patients with SPN.All patients underwent thoracoscopic surgery after the lesions were localized by the disposable pulmonary nodule localization needle under CT-guided.According to the localization accuracy,they were divided into the better localization group(n=91)and the poorer localization group(n=59).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for poorer localization accuracy.Latent class analysis of the model was applied to compare the differences in the distribution characteristics and patterns of the influencing factors.Results Compared with the better localization group,the poorer localization group had an increase in both adverse postoperative pathological conditions and complications(P＜0.05).Age,course of disease,body mass index(BMI),smoking history,drinking history,diameter of the lesion,vertical distance from the nodule to the pleura,and thickness of the chest wall were the risk factors for poorer localization accuracy(P＜0.05).In both the high-risk group and the low-risk group with poorer localization accuracy,there were two mutually independent latent class analysis models.Compared with the low-risk group with poorer localization accuracy,the high-risk group exhibited a higher proportion of"more distribution of risk factors"(P＜0.05).Conclusion The quality of localization accuracy directly affects the probabilities of postoperative pathological conditions and complications.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical value of metagenomic next generation sequencing(mNGS)in detec-tion of pathogens from the patients with pulmonary infection.METHODS The clinical data were collected from 103 patients with pulmonary infection who were treated in respiratory and critical care medicine department of Gansu Province People's Hospital from Jun.2021 to Jun.2023.The pathogens were detected from all of the patients with the use of mNGS for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and traditional cultures(including sputum culture and BALF culture).The positive rates,consistency,distribution,efficacy and curative effects were observed and sys-tematically compared between the two detection methods.RESULTS Totally 122 strains of bacteria,47 strains of fungi,94 strains of viruses,3 strains of Mycoplasma and 2 strains of Chlamydia were detected from the 103 pa-tients by mNGS,as compared with only 45 strains of bacteria and 20 strains of fungi that were detected by the tra-ditional culture method.The positive rate of detection of pathogens was 89.32％by mNGS,higher than 38.83％of the traditional culture method(P＜0.001).There was certain difference in the distribution of pathogens be-tween the two detection method,the two detection method showed the poor consistency of detection efficacy,and the effect of targeted drug therapy based on the mNGS-detected pathogens was higher than that of the mNGS-negative empirical therapy(P＜0.001).In addition,some of drug resistance genes could be detected by mNGS.CONCLUSIONS The mNGS shows remarkable higher efficacy in detection of the pathogens causing pul-monary infections than the traditional culture method and can detect various types of pathogens.The effect of the targeted drug therapy based on the pathogens detected by mNGS is remarkable.It plays an imorptant role in guid-ing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the patients with pulmonary infections.

To observe the effect of penthorum chinense pursh(PCP)on diarrhea in weaned pig-lets,and to explore its mechanism through network pharmacology and in vivo animal experiments.Animal experiment 1 A total of 160 1-day-old piglets were randomly divided into control group,low-dose prevention group(0.25％),medium-dose prevention group(0.50％)and high-dose pre-vention group(1.00％).Starting from the 14 th day,0.25％,0.50％and 1.00％PCP were added to the basal diet of the three prevention groups and weaned.PCP was stopped on the 29th day,and the diarrhea rate of piglets was recorded for 35 d.In animal experiment 2,35 4-week-old male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups(control group,LPS group,low-dose group,medium-dose group and high-dose group)for 8 d.The low-dose group,the medium-dose group and the high-dose group were intragastrically administered with 200,400 and 800 mg/kg PCP for 7 consecutive days,respectively.The control group and the LPS group were intragastrically administered with the same amount of sterile saline.On the 8th day of the experiment,except that the Control group was intraperitoneally injected with sterile normal saline,the other groups were intraperitoneally injec-ted with the same amount of LPS(15 mg/kg)to establish an intestinal injury model.HE staining was used for ileal histopathological observation,and fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to de-tect the expression levels of inflammatory factors and tight junction protein mRNA.The TCMSP database was used to screen the active components and targets of PCP,and the GeneCards database was used to obtain the targets of diarrhea.The targets of PCP and diarrhea were imported into Li-anchuan biological cloud platform,and the Venn diagram was obtained after intersection.The pro-tein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed by combining Cytoscape 3.7.1 and STRING database,and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed by KOBAS-i platform.The results showed that compared with the control group,the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets in the low-dose prevention group(0.25％),the medium-dose prevention group(0.50％),and the high-dose prevention group(1.00％)was significantly reduced at 28-62 d(P＜0.05).According to the prediction of network pharmacology,there were 32 corresponding targets of 145 potential com-ponents of PCP,6 332 targets of diarrhea,and 118 intersection targets.The protective mechanism of PCP in the treatment of diarrhea may be related to NF-κB and PI3k-Akt signaling pathways.Further experiments confirmed that compared with the LPS group,PCP can significantly improve the pathological state of ileum in mice,the mRNA expression level of intestinal tight junction pro-tein Occludin(P＜0.05)was reversed.At the same time,PCP also significantly down-regulated the mRNA level of NF-κB.The results showed that PCP may alleviate diarrhea in piglets through multiple targets and multiple pathways.The main mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Akt-NF-κB signaling pathway.This study is conducive to providing a theoretical basis for the clini-cal application of PCP.

This study aims to investigate the medication rules of patented traditional Chinese medi-cine(TCM)compound formulas and molecular mechanisms of core drugs for treating sepsis using data mining and network pharmacology approaches.In the present study,we first searched the PubMed database,Web of Science database,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)since the establishment of the library to April 30,2024 for the relevant literature on the treatment of sepsis by traditional Chinese medicine.The prescriptions were then statistically ana-lyzed for drug frequency and association analysis to obtain the core drugs.Then we screened the ef-fective active ingredients of the core drugs by TCMSP and other database platforms,obtained sep-sis-related genes in GeneCards and other databases,and statistically intersected targets,and predic-ted the mechanism of action of the core TCMs by subjecting the intersected targets to PPI analy-sis,GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.Finally,the relationship between key tar-gets and herbal components was examined in reverse by molecular docking method.The results showed that 64 compound formulas were obtained,with a total of 150 Chinese medicines,which were mostly sweet in taste,cold in nature,and belonged to the spleen,stomach and intestinal me-ridians.According to the association rules,the core drugs were identified as"mirabilite-peach ker-nel-rheum officinale".There were 79 intersecting targets between the core drugs and sepsis,with core targets such as IL-1β,EGFR and SRC.MAPK,TNF,IL-17 and other signaling pathways are involved to mediate inflammatory responses,apoptosis and other biological processes to exert ther-apeutic effects on sepsis.The molecular docking results indicated that the docking activity of the key targets with the main components of the drug,and sennoside E_qt has the lowest binding ener-gy and the best docking activity with SRC.In conclusion,this study showed that the prescription of Chinese medicine for sepsis is mostly based on tonifying the spleen and clearing heat.The mecha-nism of action of the core drug"mirabilite-peach kernel-rheum officinale"in the treatment of sep-sis is multilevel and multifaceted,which provides a certain theoretical basis for the treatment of sepsis by traditional Chinese medicine.