This study aims to establish the S_(180) tumor-bearing mice model, and to investigate the influence of Shenqi Erpi Granules(SQEPG) on immune function, as well as the drug's tumor-suppressive effect and mechanism. SPF grade KM mice(half male and half female) were randomly divided into 6 groups: a control group, a model group, a cyclophosphamide group(50 mg·kg~(-1)), as well as SQEPG groups in low-, medium-, and high-dose(5.25, 10.5, 21 g·kg~(-1)). The control group and the model group were given distilled water, and the other 4 groups were given the corresponding drugs by gavage. The administration continued for 10 days before the mice were sacrificed. The antitumor and immune regulation effects of SQEPG were evaluated. The effect of SQEPG on delayed type hypersensitivity reaction(DTH), carbon clearance index, and serum hemolysin antibody level was observed to reflect the effect on the immune function of tumor-bearing mice. Tumor weight was recorded to calculate the tumor suppression rate and the immune organ index. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to detect morphological changes in tumor tissues. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the percentage of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T-cells in the spleen tissues and the tumor tissue apoptosis levels. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the KI67 protein expression level of tumor tissues. ELISA resorted to the detection of the following expression levels in tumor tissues: tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-2(IL-2), interferon-γ(IFN-γ). Western blot was performed to detect the expression levels of caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), cyclin-dependent kinases 4(CDK4), G_1/S-specific cyclin D1(cyclin D1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA). The results showed that, compared with the model group, the SQEPG could increase the swelling of the auricle of the tumor-bearing mice; significantly increase the phagocytic index of carbon granule contour(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the middle dose of SQEPG could significantly increase the antibody level of hemolysin(P<0.05); different doses of SQEPG significantly inhibit the growth of the tumor, and decrease the mass of the tumor tissues(P<0.05 or P<0.01); the low dose of SQEPG significantly decreased spleen index(P<0.05), low and high doses of SQEPG increased thymus index, while medium doses of SQEPG decreased thymus index. High doses of SQEPG significantly elevated the levels of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T-cells in the spleens of the homozygous mice(P<0.01 or P<0.001), and increased the apoptosis rate of the cells of the tumor tissues(P<0.05); Meanwhile, high-dose SQEPG elevated the levels of immunity factors such as IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in the serum of tumor-bearing mice(P<0.01); medium-and high-dose SQEPG significantly lowered the rate of positive expression of KI67 protein in tumor tissues(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, high-dose SQEPG significantly up-regulated the expression of caspase-3 and Bax proteins in tumor tissues(P<0.05), and significantly down-regulated the expression of CDK4, cyclin D1, and VEGFA proteins(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In conclusion, SQEPG has the effect of improving immune function and inhibiting tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Its mechanism of tumor-suppressive effects may be related to apoptosis promotion, cell cycle progression block, and tumor cell proliferation inhibition.
Animals ; Mice ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Male ; Female ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Sarcoma 180/genetics* ; Humans

As a physical treatment technique, modified electro-convulsive therapy (MECT) is used to treat mental and certain neurological disorders by causing seizures with short, suitable electrical currents applied to the brain while the patient is under general anesthesia and muscle relaxants. MECT is recognized for its therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, rendering it one of the most prevalent interventions in psychiatric care. To enhance clinical outcomes and minimize adverse effects, this consensus document delineates the indications, therapeutic parameters, therapeutic procedures, potential adverse effects, and associated management strategies for MECT. These guidelines are informed by the latest clinical research and expert consensus, integrating evidence-based medicine methodologies. The objective is to furnish clinicians with precise operational guidelines and to advance the standardization of MECT practices in clinical settings.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

In the context of"Artificial Intelligence(AI)+Education"era,this study introduces the teaching reform and devel-opment path of the course"Fundamentals of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology"by Professor Lu Fangguo's team at Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.After twenty years of exploration,the course has successfully transitioned from traditional teaching to intelligent teaching,achieving a comprehensive upgrade in educational concepts,teaching methods,and resources.The reform process is divided into three stages:Early exploration,comprehensive reform,and deepening development.It encompasses the construction of a smart teaching platform,the development and promotion of new forms of digital teaching resources,and the deep integration of ideological and political education.This reform has significantly enhanced teaching quality and students'overall competencies,showcasing the innovative spirit of educators.It has gained nationwide recognition and promotion,providing valuable references for the innovation of medical education in the new era.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of Ziyin Mingmu Formula in treating age-related mac-ular degeneration(AMD)by combining network pharmacology with animal model validation.METHODS Active ingredients of Ziyin Mingmu Formula were obtained from the TCMSP and BATMAN databases,and their targets were searched using the PharmMapper da-tabase.AMD disease targets were identified using the GeneCards,DrugBank,OMIM,and TTD databases.Venny analysis was per-formed to identify the intersection of active ingredient and disease targets.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the String database,and core targets were screened using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was per-formed using the DAVID database.Molecular docking of key active ingredients with core targets was performed using Autodock software.A laser-induced mouse choroidal neovascularization(CNV)model was used.Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)was used to assess CNV area in vivo,immunofluorescence staining was used to assess CNV area on choroidal flat mounts,and Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of proteins involved in the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway.RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis identified 221 active ingredients in the Ziyin Mingmu Formula.PPI analysis i-dentified 29 core targets,including SRC,protein kinase B(AKT1),mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1),and heat shock protein 90α family class A member 1(HSP90AA1).KEGG analysis revealed that the VEGF signaling pathway was the most highly en-riched.Molecular docking revealed that the core targets SRC,AKT1,MAPK1,and HSP90AA1 had good binding affinity with the main active ingredients,diosmetin,catechin,vestitol,and licochalcone A.Animal experiments showed that the Ziyin Mingmu Formula significantly reduced CNV area in model mice,downregulated VEGF protein expression,decreased VEGFR2,p38,and ERK1/2 pro-tein phosphorylation levels,and inhibited the VEGF signaling pathway.CONCLUSION Ziyin Mingmu Formula may inhibit CNV for-mation by regulating the VEGF signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of Ziyin Mingmu Formula in treating age-related mac-ular degeneration(AMD)by combining network pharmacology with animal model validation.METHODS Active ingredients of Ziyin Mingmu Formula were obtained from the TCMSP and BATMAN databases,and their targets were searched using the PharmMapper da-tabase.AMD disease targets were identified using the GeneCards,DrugBank,OMIM,and TTD databases.Venny analysis was per-formed to identify the intersection of active ingredient and disease targets.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the String database,and core targets were screened using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was per-formed using the DAVID database.Molecular docking of key active ingredients with core targets was performed using Autodock software.A laser-induced mouse choroidal neovascularization(CNV)model was used.Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)was used to assess CNV area in vivo,immunofluorescence staining was used to assess CNV area on choroidal flat mounts,and Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of proteins involved in the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway.RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis identified 221 active ingredients in the Ziyin Mingmu Formula.PPI analysis i-dentified 29 core targets,including SRC,protein kinase B(AKT1),mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1),and heat shock protein 90α family class A member 1(HSP90AA1).KEGG analysis revealed that the VEGF signaling pathway was the most highly en-riched.Molecular docking revealed that the core targets SRC,AKT1,MAPK1,and HSP90AA1 had good binding affinity with the main active ingredients,diosmetin,catechin,vestitol,and licochalcone A.Animal experiments showed that the Ziyin Mingmu Formula significantly reduced CNV area in model mice,downregulated VEGF protein expression,decreased VEGFR2,p38,and ERK1/2 pro-tein phosphorylation levels,and inhibited the VEGF signaling pathway.CONCLUSION Ziyin Mingmu Formula may inhibit CNV for-mation by regulating the VEGF signaling pathway.

In the context of"Artificial Intelligence(AI)+Education"era,this study introduces the teaching reform and devel-opment path of the course"Fundamentals of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology"by Professor Lu Fangguo's team at Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.After twenty years of exploration,the course has successfully transitioned from traditional teaching to intelligent teaching,achieving a comprehensive upgrade in educational concepts,teaching methods,and resources.The reform process is divided into three stages:Early exploration,comprehensive reform,and deepening development.It encompasses the construction of a smart teaching platform,the development and promotion of new forms of digital teaching resources,and the deep integration of ideological and political education.This reform has significantly enhanced teaching quality and students'overall competencies,showcasing the innovative spirit of educators.It has gained nationwide recognition and promotion,providing valuable references for the innovation of medical education in the new era.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

As a physical treatment technique, modified electro-convulsive therapy (MECT) is used to treat mental and certain neurological disorders by causing seizures with short, suitable electrical currents applied to the brain while the patient is under general anesthesia and muscle relaxants. MECT is recognized for its therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, rendering it one of the most prevalent interventions in psychiatric care. To enhance clinical outcomes and minimize adverse effects, this consensus document delineates the indications, therapeutic parameters, therapeutic procedures, potential adverse effects, and associated management strategies for MECT. These guidelines are informed by the latest clinical research and expert consensus, integrating evidence-based medicine methodologies. The objective is to furnish clinicians with precise operational guidelines and to advance the standardization of MECT practices in clinical settings.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.