Radar-based non-contact health monitoring technology (RBNHMT) has emerged as a transformative paradigm in continuous health sensing, enabling non-invasive and continuous monitoring of physiological parameters and behavioral patterns by transmitting electromagnetic waves, analyzing the reflected signals, and detecting subtle bodily movements—ranging from millimeter-scale chest wall displacements due to respiration to micro-scale vibrations associated with cardiac activity—ultimately transforming them into quantifiable health data. Distinguished by its non-contact operation, inherent privacy preservation, and adaptability to diverse scenarios, RBNHMT exhibits stronger resistance to environmental interference than conventional contact-based monitoring, and has solidified its position as a prominent and dynamic research focus in the field of non-contact health monitoring. Currently, significant and multifaceted progress has been made across several key areas. In human activity recognition (HAR), systems leveraging micro-Doppler signatures or point cloud sequences achieve high-precision detection of gait, gestures, and fall events, with state-of-the-art deep learning-based models achieving accuracy rates exceeding 99% in controlled experimental settings. For vital sign and sleep monitoring, it not only tracks respiratory and heart rates continuously but also extracts clinically relevant metrics such as heart rate variability (HRV) for autonomic nervous system assessment and estimates blood pressure through indirect methods like pulse transit time analysis, while maintaining robustness in dynamic settings through advanced motion compensation algorithms. In sleep monitoring, it further enables sleep posture classification and apnea event detection. In emotion and stress recognition, it provides a non-intrusive approach for psychological assessment by analyzing autonomic-response physiological signal patterns or behavioral features. Furthermore, its applications in auxiliary medical diagnosis have expanded to promising interdisciplinary areas such as non-contact heart sound auscultation, radar-based screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and emerging research into breast cancer detection using microwave and millimeter-wave imaging techniques. However, several challenges impede its practical deployment. Signal quality is significantly compromised by multipath interference in complex indoor environments and clutter from static objects, and by motion artifacts in dynamic scenarios where gross body movements obscure the subtle physiological signals. Algorithmically, separating signals from multiple targets in close proximity and calibrating for substantial individual physiological differences, such as body habitus, baseline vital signs, remain difficult and limit generalizability. Hardware design also faces the challenge of balancing power consumption, cost, integration, and performance, often requiring trade-offs that constrain miniaturization, battery life, or measurement sensitivity. Future advancement, therefore, requires collaborative and targeted innovation across multiple dimensions. Algorithmically, developing adaptive signal processing models based on emerging paradigms such as few-shot learning (for user-specific calibration with minimal data) and reinforcement learning (for dynamic noise suppression) is essential. At the hardware level, highly integrated radar SoCs with embedded processing capabilities and advanced packaging technologies are crucial for achieving the dual goals of device miniaturization and cost reduction without sacrificing performance. At the system level, fusing radar data with complementary modalities such as infrared and acoustic sensing can create a synergistic, multi-modal framework that significantly enhances perceptual robustness and reliability in complex, real-world environments. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis that systematically summarizes the relevant theoretical foundations and application progress, and offers an in-depth analysis of the current technical bottlenecks. It aims to provide a clear development path and a foundational academic reference for the in-depth integration and practical application of RBNHMT in critical scenarios including rehabilitation engineering, smart elderly care, in-vehicle health monitoring, and beyond, thereby offering innovative technical support for the vision of universal, proactive, and personalized health management.

Objective To systematically evaluate the therapeutic effects of different surgical procedures for ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). Methods Computer searches were conducted in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, with the search time limit from the inception of the databases to February 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, used the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and used Stata 17.0 software to analyze the data. Results A total of 19 randomized controlled trials involving 6139 patients were finally included, involving six surgical procedures, and the overall quality of the included studies was relatively high. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the 30-day all-cause mortality rate of mitral valve repair (MVr) was significantly lower than that of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) [OR=0.24, 95%CI (0.07, 0.87), P<0.01], mitral valve replacement (MVR) [OR=0.43, 95%CI (0.23, 0.79), P=0.02], CABG+MVR [OR=0.21, 95%CI (0.04, 0.95), P=0.03] and transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair (TEER) using MitraClip [OR=0.13, 95%CI (0.02, 0.87), P<0.01]. The 30-day all-cause mortality rate of CABG+MVr was significantly lower than that of CABG [OR=0.56, 95%CI (0.33, 0.93), P=0.02] and CABG+MVR [OR=0.48, 95%CI (0.24, 0.94), P=0.04], and the best probability ranking results showed that MVR might be the most effective in reducing the 30-day all-cause mortality rate. The incidence of renal complications in CABG+MVr was significantly lower than that in CABG+MVR [OR=0.42, 95%CI (0.21, 0.83), P=0.01]; the best probability ranking results showed that CABG+MVr might be the most effective in reducing renal complications. Conclusion The current limited evidence suggests that CABG+MVr and MVr may be the best surgical intervention methods for IMR patients at present. Due to the limitations of the number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions still need to be verified by more high-quality studies.

The Medical Cases of WU Jutong （《吴鞠通医案》） proposes the principle of "treating all Bi （痹） diseases through taiyin"， which forms the basis for analyzing WU Jutong's understanding of the causes， mechanisms， and treatments of Bi （痹） diseases， providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Through an interpretation of the phrase "treating all Bi （痹） diseases through taiyin"， it is suggested that Bi （痹） diseases is primarily caused by dampness， necessitating a focus on spleen and lung in treatment. WU emphasized four main causes of Bi （痹） diseases （wind， cold， dampness， and heat）， with dampness being the predominant factor. The disease location is initially in lung， for which external dampness invades lung first， and internal dampness obstructs the source of water metabolism， impeding lung qi and qi failing to disperse， then dampness further accumulates in the joints， leading to Bi （痹） diseases. WU Jutong proposed the modified Mufangji Decoction （木防己汤） as the foundational prescription for treating Bi （痹） diseases. By comparing the similarities and differences between the modified and original Mufangji Decoction， and analyzing the adjustments in herbal prescriptions， the clinical characteristic of "treating all Bi （痹） diseases through taiyin" is further substantiated.

Objective:To investigate the value of 0.55 T MRI scanner using deep-learning (DL) reconstruction in evaluating pulmonary tumors.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. Sixty-one patients with pulmonary tumors on CT images were prospectively collected from May to September 2024 in Peking University First Hospital, including 37 males and 24 females, and aged 46?89 (68±9) years old. All patients underwent lung scan on a 0.55 T MRI, using diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) sequence with b-values of 0 and 800 s/mm 2. According to whether DL reconstruction was used and the number of acquisitions, they were divided into DWI-DL 5∶30 group (DL, number of averages=10, acquisition time=5 min 30 s),DWI-DL 3∶22 group (DL, number of averages=5, acquisition time=3 min 22 s), and DWI-C group (GRAPPA, number of averages=10, acquisition time=5 min 30 s). The obtained images were evaluated subjectively (Likert score) and objectively [signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)]. Meanwhile the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the tumors was measured. Friedman nonparametric test was used for comparison among the three groups and Bonferroni method was used for pairwise comparison. Results:The subjective scores, SNR, and CNR were significantly different among DWI-DL 5∶30 group, DWI-DL 3∶22 group, and DWI-C group( χ 2=9.69,87.56,88.62, P=0.008,<0.001,<0.001). Bonferroni method results showed that the subjective scores, SNR, and CNR of DWI-DL 5∶30 group were higher than those of DWI-DL 3∶22 group and DWI-C group ( P<0.05); However, the subjective scores, SNR, and CNR did not significantly differ between DWI-DL 3∶22 group and DWI-C group ( P>0.05). The ADC values of the tumors were not significantly different among DWI-DL 5∶30 group, DWI-DL 3∶22 group, and DWI-C group (χ 2=5.95, P=0.510). Conclusion:The DWI reconstructed using DL has better or similar image quality to conventional DWI in evaluating pulmonary tumors and significantly reduces scanning time, which has certain clinical application value.

Objective:To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and demands of medical staff in family physician teams regarding the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in contracted services, and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2023. A total of 602 medical staff members from family physician teams in Shanghai Minhang District were selected as subjects. Data on demographics (age, gender, institution, position, education, work experience, household registration, professional title, marital status, fertility status) and KAP/demand regarding AI application in contracted services were collected using a self-designed questionnaire. Intergroup differences were analyzed. Multiple stepwise linear regression was employed to identify the main factors influencing AI application demand.Results:Among the 602 participants, 484 (80.4%) were aged 30-49 years, 466 (77.40%) were females, 559 (92.9%) held a bachelor′s degree or higher, and 505 (83.9%) had intermediate or senior professional titles. The awareness rate for knowledge, positive attitude rate, and practice implementation rate regarding AI application were 47.2% (284/602), 73.1% (440/602), and 32.1% (193/602), respectively. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 15.72±3.40, 18.34±3.41, and 14.60±3.89, respectively. Significant differences were found among the items within each KAP dimension (knowledge: F=7.688, P<0.001; attitude: F=5.106, P<0.001; practice: F=6.763, P<0.001). Within knowledge, item K3 (awareness of intelligent elderly monitoring devices) scored lowest (3.00±0.79), differing significantly from K1, K2, K4, and K5 (all P<0.05). Within attitude, item A5 (willingness to fully trust AI′s accuracy and convenience in contracted services) scored lowest (3.57±0.75), differing significantly from A3 and A4 (all P<0.05). Within practice, item P3 (increasing reliance on AI in daily contracted services) scored lowest (2.79±0.93), differing significantly from P1 and P2 (all P<0.05). KAP scores differed significantly across demographic subgroups. Knowledge scores differed significantly by age, gender, and marital status (all P<0.05). Attitude scores differed significantly by gender, household registration, and fertility status (all P<0.05). Practice scores differed significantly by gender, position, and marital status (all P<0.05). Regarding demand, the most frequently selected areas were follow-up services (28.74%, 173/602), data management (26.25%, 158/602), and data collection (25.42%, 153/602). Univariate analysis identified age, gender, education, professional title, fertility status, and KAP scores as significant factors influencing AI application demand (all P<0.05). Multiple stepwise linear regression revealed that older age ( t=3.905, P<0.001), female gender ( t=3.548, P<0.001), and higher practice scores ( t=-3.044, P=0.002) were significant predictors of greater AI application demand. Conclusions:Significant variations exist in the KAP levels regarding AI application among family physician team members. Gender, age, and practice behavior significantly influence demand. Tailored strategies for different subgroups, coupled with timely targeted training and practical exercises, are recommended to enhance the effective and widespread adoption of AI technology in family physician contracted services.

Objective:To investigate the adjunctive diagnostic value of retinal imaging structural parameters combined with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms for Alzheimer′s disease (AD).Methods:It was a case-control study, 71 confirmed AD patients who attended the Department of Neurology in Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from May 2023 to June 2024 and 156 healthy medical checkups who participated in medical checkups in the Health Management Center were continuously with convenience sampling method; the subjects were included as the AD case group and healthy control group, respectively. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure the structural parameters of retinal imaging such as the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the retinal nerve fiber layer-inner plexiform layer (RNFL-IPL) in the study subjects. Information on demographic characteristics and disease history of the study participants were collected through a questionnaire, and venous blood was collected to test for ApoE gene polymorphisms. The retinal imaging structural parameters, ApoE gene polymorphisms and other related indicators were included in a multifactorial logistic regression model to analyze the main factors affecting the risk of AD. Based on the results of the multifactorial analysis, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of different models in the adjunctive diagnosis of AD.Results:Of the 227 study subjects included in the analysis, 153 were females and 74 were males; there were 71 cases in the AD case group with a mean age of (66.73±8.83) years, and there were 156 subjects in the healthy control group with an average age of (61.95±8.21) years. Educational attainment of elementary school and below ( OR=4.683, 95% CI: 2.133-10.282), living visual acuity<0.5 ( OR=2.716, 95% CI: 1.12-6.583), and carrying ≥1 ApoE ε4 genes ( OR=5.331, 95% CI: 2.309-11.891) were positively correlated with the risk of AD. RNFL thickening ( OR=0.923, 95% CI: 0.854-0.998) was negatively associated with the risk of AD (all P<0.05). The AD risk assessment model (Model 4), which included fundus imaging features and ApoE gene polymorphisms, had the highest predictive efficacy (AUC=0.857, P<0.001). Conclusion:Retinal imaging structural parameters differ significantly between AD patients and healthy examinees, and a risk assessment model combining retinal imaging structural parameters and ApoE gene polymorphisms has high predictive value and is expected to serve as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for AD.

Objective:To investigate the effect of osimertinib combined with pemetrexed and carboplatinon in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, and its impact on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) levels.Methods:A total of 73 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutation admitted to Peking University Medical Luzhong Hospital from December 2023 to December 2024 were prospectively selected and divided into a single group 36 cases and a treatment group 37 cases by random digits table method. The single group was treated with pemetrexed and carboplatin, and the treatment group was treated with osimertinib on the basis of the single group. The efficacy and pre- and post-therapy cellular immune function (CD 3+, CD 4+ and CD 4+/CD 8+), tumor markers [cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), CA72-4, tumor specific growth factor (TSGF), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)], vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL-6 and untoward reactions were compared. Results:Objective remission rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) in the treatment group were greater than those in the single group: 27.03% (10/37) vs. 8.33% (3/36), 75.68% (28/37) vs. 52.78% (19/36), P<0.05. After therapy, CD 3+, CD 4+ and CD 4+/CD 8+ in the treatment group were higher than those in the single group: 0.675 ± 0.078 vs. 0.618 ± 0.067, 0.335 ± 0.033 vs. 0.275 ± 0.035, 1.25 ± 0.22 vs. 1.06 ± 0.15; the levels of TSGF, CEA, CYFRA21-1, CA72-4, IL-6 and VEGF in the treatment group were lower than those in the single group: (61.39 ± 7.43) kU/L vs. (78.23 ± 9.24) kU/L, (12.64 ± 1.42) μg/L vs. (16.87 ± 2.66) μg/L, (3.58 ± 0.48) μg/L vs. (4.14 ± 0.63) μg/L, (5.43 ± 0.81) kU/L vs. (7.06 ± 1.21) kU/L, (6.17 ± 0.82) ng/L vs. (8.57 ± 1.19) ng/L, (152.19 ± 18.14) pg/L vs. (216.47 ± 23.35) pg/L, P<0.05. The untoward reactions showed no statistical difference between two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The joint of osimertinib combined with pemetrexed in the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutation is beneficial for improving efficacy, enhancing immune function, reducing tumor markers, and has certain safety.

Objective:This study evaluates the horizontal sound localization ability of young and middle-aged individuals with symmetric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in noisy environments. It also examines the impact of hearing loss severity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on localization accuracy.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, conducted from April 2023 to April 2024, 135 young and middle-aged patients (73 males and 62 females, aged 18-60 years) with SNHL who sought care at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, were categorized into mild, moderate, and moderate-to-severe hearing loss groups (45 per group), with 45 normal-hearing controls (23 males and 22 females, aged 20-60 years). Participants completed localization tasks in quiet and noisy environments with SNR levels of 5 dB, 0 dB, -5 dB, and-10 dB. Root mean square error (RMSE) was used to measure localization accuracy. Repeated measures ANOVA assessed the effects of hearing loss and SNR on RMSE, while, Pearson correlation evaluated the relationship between binaural 4-frequency pure-tone average (4fPTA) and RMSE. Multiple linear regression analyzed the predictive role of 4fPTA and age.Results:(1) Two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that both hearing loss severity and SNR significantly affected RMSE ( F=92.67, P<0.01; F=430.29, P<0.01), with a significant interaction between the two factors( F=92.67, P<0.01). (2) RMSE increased with hearing loss severity. At SNRs of 5 dB, 0 dB, and-5 dB, the moderate-to-severe group had significantly higher RMSE than the mild and moderate groups ( P<0.01). No significant differences were found between mild and moderate groups ( P=0.53, 0.57, 0.22). At-10 dB SNR, significant differences were observed across all groups ( P<0.01). (3) RMSE increased non-linearly as SNR decreased. Mean RMSE values under quiet conditions and at SNRs of 5 dB, 0 dB, -5 dB, and-10 dB were (7.43±5.01)°, (9.80±5.74)°, (11.60±6.22)°, (14.56±7.07)°, and (18.74±8.02)°, respectively. (4) RMSE was significantly positively correlated with binaural 4fPTA ( r=0.54-0.58, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the binaural average 4fPTA significantly predicted RMSE ( P<0.01), explaining 30.5%-34.1% of RMSE variance. Age did not significantly contribute to RMSE variation. Conclusions:The degree of hearing loss and background noise SNR significantly affect horizontal sound localization in young and middle-aged SNHL patients. RMSE increases with hearing loss severity and decreases with higher SNR. The interaction between hearing loss and SNR is significant, and RMSE correlates with binaural 4fPTA. However, the regression model based on 4fPTA and age explains only part of the RMSE variance, suggesting other contributing factors.

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of intraosseous regional administration (IORA) of vancomycin for preventing infection in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:A total of 124 patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing TKA between February 2024 and May 2024 at nine hospitals were enrolled. Preoperative infection prophylaxis involved either IORA (0.5 g vancomycin administered via intraosseous regional infusion before incision) or intravenous infusion (1 g vancomycin via peripheral vein). The IORA group included 15 males and 47 females with a median age of 66.5 years (range, 60.0-70.0 years), while the intravenous group included 14 males and 48 females with a median age of 66.0 years (range, 61.8-70.3 years) years. Intraoperative samples were collected including fat and synovium tissues after incision, before prosthesis placement, and after tourniquet release; distal femoral cancellous bone during femoral osteotomy; proximal tibial cancellous bone during tibial osteotomy; proximal intercondylar cancellous bone before prosthesis placement; and peripheral blood from non-infused arms at surgery initiation and after tourniquet release. Vancomycin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vital sign changes were recorded from admission to 5~10 minutes post-IORA (IORA group) or post-incision (intravenous group). Follow-ups were conducted on postoperative day 1 and 3, and at 1 and 3 months, to document complications including IORA-related adverse events, periprosthetic joint infections, surgical site infections, red man syndrome, acute kidney injury, deep vein thrombosis and so on.Results:Vancomycin concentrations in bone, fat, and synovial tissue samples were significantly higher in the IORA group than in the intravenous group ( P<0.05), while vancomycin concentrations in blood samples were significantly lower in the IORA group than in the intravenous group ( P<0.05). Only 7.3%(41/558) of tissue samples in the IORA group had vancomycin concentrations below 2.0 μg/g (the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin against coagulase-negative staphylococcus), compared to 59.3%(331/558) in the intravenous group (χ 2=11.285, P<0.001). In the intravenous group, 16.9%(21/124) of blood samples had vancomycin concentrations exceeding 15.0 mg/L (the threshold associated with a significantly increased risk of nephrotoxicity), while all concentrations in the IORA group were below this threshold, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=22.943, P<0.001). There were no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05) in vital signs changes before and after vancomycin administration between the two groups. Two patients in the intravenous group experienced incision exudate, while no other related complications occurred in either group. Conclusions:Compared to the traditional intravenous infusion of 1 g vancomycin, intraosseous injection of a low dose (0.5 g) of vancomycin achieves higher local tissue concentrations in the knee joint with a lower incidence of adverse reactions and is safe for infection prophylaxis. Despite guidelines not recommending the routine use of vancomycin for preventing infection after primary TKA, intraosseous injection of 0.5 g vancomycin may be considered intraoperatively for primary TKA in the following scenarios: patients in medical institutions with a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, patients with potential preoperative MRSA colonization, or patients with cephalosporin allergy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of lumbar oblique manipulation in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with different herniation locations based on MSU classification. METHODS: A total of 272 patients with lumbar disc herniation who were treated from June 2023 to December 2023 were divided into central type group, paracentral type group, and far lateral type group. Among them, there were 73 cases in the central type group, including 41 males and 32 females, with an age of (46.39±6.89) years;161 cases in the paracentral type group, including 88 males and 73 females, with an age of (37.14±5.89) years;and 38 cases in the far lateral type group, including 22 males and 16 females, with an age of (28.56±4.89) years. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and straight leg raising angle of the three groups of patients before treatment, after treatment, and at 1 and 3 months after treatment were recorded, and inter-group, intra-group, and correlation comparisons were made. RESULTS: A total of 272 patients were followed up, with a follow-up time of (3.0±0.2) months. The VAS score of central type patients after treatment was 2(2, 3) points, which was lower than 4(3, 5) points before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between 1 month and 3 months after treatment and before treatment (P>0.05). The VAS score of paracentral type patients after treatment 2(2, 3) points and 1 month after treatment 3(2, 4) points were lower than that before treatment 5(4, 6) points, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in VAS between 3 months after treatment and before treatment (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in VAS scores of far lateral type patients before treatment, after treatment, and at 1 and 3 months after treatment (P>0.05). The straight leg raising angle of central type patients after treatment 64(58, 69) and 1 month after treatment 58(52, 65) were significantly different from that before treatment 44(40, 51) (P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference between 3 months after treatment and before treatment (P>0.05). The straight leg raising angle of paracentral type patients after treatment 61(55, 67)°, 1 month after treatment 61(53, 66)°, and 3 months after treatment 47(41, 56)° were significantly different from that before treatment 44(36, 52)° (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the straight leg raising angle of far lateral type patients before treatment, after treatment, and at 1 and 3 months after treatment (P>0.05). There was a correlation between VAS and straight leg raising angle in the three groups of patients, but there was no linear relationship. CONCLUSION Lumbar oblique manipulation has a better effect in treating patients with central and paracentral lumbar disc herniation, but a poor effect in treating far lateral type;after treatment, the curative effect of paracentral type patients lasts longer than that of central type patients.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/physiopathology* ; Adult ; Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology* ; Middle Aged ; Manipulation, Spinal