ObjectiveCerebral ischemic injury triggers a complex pathological cascade characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, persistent oxidative stress, and sustained neuroinflammation in the injured brain microenvironment. These events collectively drive mitochondrial dysfunction, microglial overactivation, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and progressive neuronal apoptosis, ultimately leading to severe and irreversible neurological deficits. However, conventional therapeutic strategies face critical limitations, including poor blood-brain barrier penetration, insufficient local drug concentration, uncontrolled drug release, and off-target systemic side effects. To address this pathological process, we rationally designed and fabricated an injectable ROS-responsive hydrogel loaded with polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) for spatiotemporally controlled antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection in the ischemic injury microenvironment. The present study aimed to systematically characterize the physicochemical properties, ROS-responsive drug release behavior, biocompatibility, and neuroprotective efficacy of this composite hydrogel system in vitro. MethodsPDA NPs were fabricated via oxidative self-polymerization. The ROS-responsive hydrogel was cross-linked using N1-(4-boronobenzyl)-N3-(4-boronophenyl)-N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethylpropane-1, 3-diaminium (TSPBA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Morphology, particle size, Zeta potential, and structure of PDA NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microstructure, rheological properties, shear-thinning behavior, and ROS-triggered release profiles of the hydrogel were examined by SEM and rheometry. Biocompatibility was evaluated using HT22 mouse hippocampal neurons with CCK-8 and live/dead staining. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was established to simulate ischemic injury in vitro. ROS levels and neuronal apoptosis were detected by DHE staining and TUNEL assay. Microglial polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were analyzed using immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR in BV-2 microglia. Transwell co-culture was used to verify the indirect neuroprotection mediated by modulated microglia. ResultsCharacterization results confirmed that the as-prepared PDA NPs were monodispersed spherical nanoparticles with uniform diameter and negative surface potential, demonstrating favorable dispersibility and robust ROS-scavenging activity. The TSPBA-PVA hydrogel exhibited a highly porous interconnected network, suitable mechanical strength, and obvious shear-thinning behavior, supporting its application as an injectable implant. More importantly, the hydrogel displayed typical ROS-responsive degradation and on-demand PDA NP release in a ROS-concentration-dependent manner. In vitro cellular experiments demonstrated that the PDA NP-loaded hydrogel possessed excellent biocompatibility with HT22 cells. In the OGD/R model, the hydrogel significantly reduced intracellular ROS accumulation and markedly suppressed neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, the composite hydrogel effectively redirected BV-2 microglia from the pro-inflammatory M1 toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes, downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and reduced inflammatory damage. Transwell co-culture assays further validated that M2-polarized microglia mediated by the hydrogel significantly enhanced the survival of OGD/R-injured HT22 neurons and attenuated apoptosis. ConclusionIn this study, we successfully developed a novel injectable ROS-responsive hydrogel loaded with PDA NPs for synergistic antioxidative and anti-inflammatory neuroprotection. This intelligent hydrogel system enables ROS-triggered on-demand release of PDA NPs, efficiently scavenges excessive ROS, inhibits oxidative stress injury, modulates microglial polarization, and suppresses neuroinflammation, thereby exerting robust neuroprotective effects in vitro. This biomaterial platform provides a promising strategy for the targeted and controlled delivery of bioactive nanomaterials in the central nervous system diseases and establishes a solid experimental foundation for the development of in situ injectable therapies for ischemic brain injury.

Abstract Improving the coping ability of parents of adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) can help reduce the frequency of NSSI, improve the quality of life of adolescents with NSSI, and alleviate the physical and psychological burden on their parents. The review summarizes the concept and significance of parental coping ability among adolescents with NSSI, as well as the current status of research and intervention strategies in China and abroad, with the aim of providing a reference for relevant research.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Guangxi from 2012 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence data of mumps in Guangxi from 2012 to 2024. Results A total of 159 873 mumps cases were reported from 2012 to 2024 in Guangxi, with an average annual reported incidence of 25.41/100 000, and no death. Mumps occurred every month, with the peak incidence mainly concentrated in April to July and October to January of the next year. There were 96,118 male cases (29.43 /100 000), and 63 755 female cases (21.07 /100 000). The male to female ratio was 1.40:1, and the difference between male and female was significant (χ²=4 321.276，P＜0.05). The annual incidence of mumps showed a certain periodic change, with the incidence peak and trough alternating every 4 - 5 years. The majority of patients were under 15 years old, accounting for 85.32% of the total number of cases. The patients mainly included students, preschool children and scattered children. The highest average incidence was in Nanning City with 40 231 cases (42.08/100 000), and the lowest was in Qinzhou City with 3 466 cases (8.16/100 000). From 2012 to 2024, a total of 210 mumps outbreaks with 4 483 cases were reported in Guangxi. Conclusion The incidence of mumps in Guangxi from 2012 to 2024 shows a periodic change and obvious seasonality. People under 15 years old are the key group at risk of mumps. The prevention and control of the epidemic of mumps in schools and kindergartens should be strengthened. It is suggested to carry out long-term monitoring of mumps as well as immune effect research, and continue to maintain a high vaccination rate of 2 doses of mumps-containing vaccines.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical safety of Feilike Mixture （FLK） in the real world. MethodsThe safety of all children who received FLK from 29 institutions in 12 provinces between January 21，2021 and December 25，2021 was evaluated through prospective centralized surveillance and a nested case control study. ResultsA total of 3 035 juveniles were included. There were 29 research centers involved，which are distributed across 12 provinces，including one traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospital and 28 general hospitals. The average age among the juveniles was （4.77±3.56） years old，and the average weight was （21.81±12.97） kg. Among them，119 cases （3.92%） of juveniles had a history of allergies. Acute bronchitis was the main diagnosis for juveniles，with 1 656 cases （54.46%）. FLK was first used in 2 016 cases （66.43%），and 142 juvenile patients had special dosages，accounting for 4.68%. Among them，92 adverse drug reactions （ADRs） occurred，including 73 cases of gastrointestinal system disorders，10 cases of metabolic and nutritional disorders，eight cases of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases，two cases of vascular and lymphatic disorders，and one case of systemic diseases and various reactions at the administration site. The manifestations of ADRs were mainly diarrhea，stool discoloration，and vomiting，and no serious ADRs occurred. The results of multi-factor analysis indicated that special dosages （the use of FLK）［odds ratio （OR） of 2.642， 95% confidence interval （CI） of 1.105-6.323］，combined administration： spleen aminopeptide （OR of 4.978， 95%CI of 1.200-20.655），and reason for combined administration： anti-infection （OR of 1.814， 95%CI of 1.071-3.075） were the risk factors for ADRs caused by FLK. Conclusion92 ADRs occurred among 3 035 juveniles using FLK. The incidence of ADRs caused by FLK was 3.03%，and the severity was mainly mild or moderate. Generally，the prognosis was favorable after symptomatic treatment such as drug withdrawal or dosage reduction，suggesting that FLK has good clinical safety.

Objective To analyze correlation of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in the inner ear with age in Meniere’s disease (MD) patients. Methods A retrospective analysis were underwent in 101 definite unilateral MD patients. They were divided into young-age (＜18 years old) group, middle-age (18-45 years old) group and elder-age (＞45 years old) group. All patients underwent inner ear three-dimensional inversion-recovery with real reconstruction (3D-real IR) imaging 4 hours after intravenous gadolinium injection. EH rates among different groups were compared. Results The positive rates of EH in the young-age group, middle-age group and elder-age group were 68.2% (15/22), 54.5% (18/33) and 56.5% (26/46), respectively (P＝0.567). There was no difference in the positive rates of EH in vestibule and cochlea among three groups. There was no difference in the rates of mild and significant EH in vestibule and cochlea among three groups. Conclusions Age might not be related to the occurrence of EH in the inner ear in MD patients.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng between 2015 and 2020. Methods Clinical data of 8,578 medical check-ups at Physical Examination Center of ou hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively selected. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the last 5 years was recorded, and Logistic regression was utilized to identify the risk factors for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Results The overall prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng was 14.57% in 2015-2020. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was higher in men than in women (16.99% vs 10.98%) and highest in the 40-59 age group (18.76%). No statistical difference was reported in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) between groups (P>0.05), while statistical difference was found in diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, weekly exercise frequency, daily vegetable intake, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and uric acid (UA) between two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis denoted that BMI (OR=2.794, 95% CI: 1.745-4.550), waist circumference (OR=2.586, 95% CI: 1.585-4.299), diabetes (OR=0.644, 95% CI: 1.425-2.781), hypertension (OR=1.479, 95% CI: 1.121-2.290), weekly exercise ≥6h (OR=0.617, 95% CI: 0.519-0.709), daily vegetable intake ≥300g (OR=0.590, 95% CI: 0.467-0.652), TG (OR=1.481, 95% CI: 1.122-1.996), TC (OR=1.562, 95% CI:1.143-2.135), LDL-C (OR=1.440, 95% CI: 1.139-2.048), HDL-C (OR=0.656 , 95% CI: 0.587-0.783) , ALT (OR=1.591, 95% CI: 1.056-2.183), and UA (OR=1.412, 95% CI: 1.009-1.887) were risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (P<0.05) . Conclusion The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng City from 2015 to 2020 is 14.57%, the prevalence of males is higher than that of females, and the prevalence rate is the highest in the 40-59 age group. Moreover , diabetes mellitus , hypertension , BMI , waist circumference , weekly exercise , daily vegetable intake , serum TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, and UA are all associated with the risk of the disease.

Abstract In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has risen rapidly, posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health. To provide scientific, systematic, and standardized weight management guidance for overweight and obese children and adolescents, the study focuses on the core concept of healthy lifestyle intervention, integrates multidisciplinary expert opinions and research findings,and proposes a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention framework covering scientific exercise intervention, precise nutrition and diet, optimized sleep management, and standardized psychological support. It calls for the establishment of a multi agent collaborative management mechanism led by the government, implemented by families, fostered by schools, initiated by individuals, optimized by communities, reinforced by healthcare, and coordinated by multiple stakeholders. Emphasizing a child and adolescent centered approach, the consensus advocates for comprehensive, multi level, and personalized guidance strategies to promote the internalization and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. It serves as a reference and provides recommendations for the effective prevention and control of overweight and obesity, and enhancing the health level of children and adolescents.

Objective:To identify the main components of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction(HLJDD)using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS),and to explore the potential mechanism of action of HLJDD in the treatment of gouty arthritis(GA)using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.Methods:We identi-fied the chemical components of HLJDD by combining UPLC-Q-TOF-MS data acquired in both positive and negative ion modes with reference standards,relevant literature,and database searches.We analyzed the potential therapeutic mechanism of HLJDD for GA by using network pharmacology to determine the intersection targets between the active ingredients of HLJDD and GA for further enrich-ment analysis and visual network mapping.The binding affinity of the active ingredients with the intersection targets was validated through molecular docking.Results:A total of 47 components were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS;54 key components of HLJDD for GA treatment and 37 intersection targets were determined by net-work pharmacology;and the top 10 key targets by Degree value were obtained by protein-protein interaction analysis.The Gene On-tology functional enrichment analysis revealed 20 biological pro-cesses,7 cellular components,and 8 molecular functions.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated 96 GA-related intervention pathways,in which inflammatory signaling pathways such as interleukin-17(IL-17)and tu-mor necrosis factor(TNF)were involved.Molecular docking verified that the key components of HLJDD had high binding affinity with the core targets.Conclusion:The identified key components in HLJDD,such as phellodendrine,coptisine,wogonin,and β-sitosterol,may alleviate GA by regulating multiple core targets in the IL-17 and TNF pathways,such as PTSG2,which provides a theoretical ba-sis for future investigation into the mechanism of action of HLJDD.

Objective To investigate the clinical feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)combined with modified endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)in the treatment of rectal neuroendo-crine tumors(RNETs).Methods A total of 48 patients diagnosed with RNETs by colonoscopy in the depart-ment of gastroenterology in this hospital from December 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the study objects.Patients were randomly divided into the study group(EUS combined with modified EMR,n=16),the control 1 group(traditional EMR,n=16)and the control 2 group[endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),n=16].The operation time,R0 resection rate and postoperative complications of each group were observed.Endoscop-ic ultrasonography was followed up 3 and 6 months after surgery to determine whether there was any recur-rence.Results The operative time of the study group[(17.813±0.379)min]was significantly shorter than that of the control 2 group[(36.250±3.296)min],the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05),but compared with the control 1 group[(16.375±1.996)min],there was no significant difference(P＞0.05).The incidence of complications in the study group(6.2％)was significantly lower than that in the control 2 group(37.5％),the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).while the incidence of complications in the study group was not significantly higher than that in the control 1 group(12.5％,P＞0.05).R0 removal rate in the study group(93.8％)was significantly higher than that in the control 1 group(62.5％)and the control 2 group(75.0％),the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion EUS combined with modified EMR has more advantages than EMR and ESD in the treatment of RNETs,and has certain fea-sibility and safety,which is convenient for clinical application.

A solid-phase extraction-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)method was established for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in aquaculture water.Based on the chemical properties of neonicotinoid pesticides and the matrix characteristics of aquaculture water,suitable temporary storage methods for water samples and appropriate solid-phase extraction columns were selected,and the extraction conditions(including elution solvents and sample loading volumes)were optimized.The method employed acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution(containing 0.1%formic acid)as the mobile phase and an Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction column combined with PSA as a dispersive sorbent for sample purification.The method exhibited good linearity in detection of neonicotinoid in concentration range of 0.2-50 ng/mL(R2>0.99797),with a detection limit of 0.5 ng/L and a quantification limit of 1 ng/L,which were significantly lower than the maximum acceptable method detection limits(9-500 ng/L)for neonicotinoid insecticides in water published by the European Commission.In pond water,rice-fish water,and seawater,the average recoveries of the 10 target analytes were 74.6%-114.1%,with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.3%to 9.6%.Using this method,actual sample tests were conducted on the Pearl River water,Zhaoqing pond water,and Qingyuan rice-fish aquaculture water.The total concentration of five neonicotinoid pesticides in the Pearl River water ranged from 154.8 to 246.6 ng/L,the total concentration of four neonicotinoid pesticides in the Zhaoqing pond water was 95.0-176.1 ng/L,and the total concentration of three neonicotinoid pesticides in the Qingyuan rice-fish aquaculture water was 2.3-11.7 ng/L.This method was simple in operation,highly sensitive,and had strong resistance to interference.It was suitable for detection of trace neonicotinoid pesticides in aquaculture water and could provide technical support for construction of a green aquaculture environment and resolution of international trade disputes.