Objective: To explore a simple, effective, and safe method for excluding false positives and identifying infections by comprehensively evaluating blood donors with reactive HIV screening results, thereby providing a basis for developing management strategies for such donors. Methods: HIV testing data of blood donors from our laboratory from January 2022 to December 2024 were collected. The results of ELISA and nucleic acid testing (NAT) were combined with confirmatory results from the CDC and analyzed. Results: A total of 605 929 samples were tested for HIV over the three-year period, with 682 reactive samples (reactive rate: 11.25 per 10 000). All were sent to the CDC for Western blot (WB) confirmation, resulting in 53 confirmed positives ((confirmed positive rate: 7.77%). Among these, 619 samples showed isolated HIV Ag&Ab reactivity with non-reactive NAT (HIV Ag&Ab+-&HIV RNA or NAT NR), with a confirmed infection rate of 0%; 9 samples showed dual HIV Ag&Ab reactivity with non-reactive NAT (HIV Ag&Ab++&HIV RNA NR or NAT NR), also with 0% confirmed infection; 52 samples showed dual HIV Ag&Ab reactivity and reactive NAT (HIV Ag&Ab++&HIV RNA R or NAT R), all confirmed as positive (100% infection rate); and 2 HIV Ag&Ab dual-reactive samples without NAT detection were also confirmed infected (100%). For all four HIV Ag&Ab assays, the S/CO values in the true positive group with dual reactivity were significantly higher than those in the false-positive groups (P<0.05). The S/CO distributions for both single-reactive false positives and dual-reactive false positives were narrow, with the upper box (Q3, 75th percentile) below optimal cutoff values in all cases (The optimal cutoff values for the four reagents were 5.00, 11.67, 8.50, and 20.90, respectively). Conclusion: Blood donors with positive NAT results in HIV blood screening are permanently deferred. Donors with dual positive HIV Ag&Ab but negative NAT results are classified and managed based on the S/CO values of HIV Ag&Ab and the optimal screening thresholds. Donors with single positive HIV Ag&Ab but negative NAT results are placed under evaluation status and retain their eligibility to donate blood. Optimizing the management measures for blood donors and establishing a scientific stratified management and assessment mechanism can effectively maintain the stability of the blood donor team.

Objective: To explore whether the long-term and frequent use of citrate anticoagulants negatively affects the bone metabolism balance of female frequent plateletpheresis donors, so as to better protect their health. Methods: A total of 65 female plateletpheresis donors and 55 female whole-blood donors from Guangzhou Blood Center (May to December 2024) were enrolled as experimental and control groups respectively, stratified into age subgroups (18-39 years and 40-60 years). Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), osteocalcin (OC), and type I collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX) were measured. Differences in bone metabolism markers between experimental and control groups across age subgroups were compared. ANOVA was used to analyze dose-response relationships between donation age, annual apheresis donation frequency, and biochemical indicators. Results: In the 40-60 age subgroup, 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the experimental group (P<0.05), exhibiting a linear increase with age and a linear decrease with annual donation frequency. No significant differences in CTX or PINP levels were observed between experimental and control groups in either age subgroup. Conclusion: High-frequency plateletpheresis donation does not disrupt bone metabolic balance in female donors. However, it is associated with reduced vitamin D levels in female donors aged >40 years, potentially increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for high-frequency female plateletpheresis donors in this age group.

Objective To explore the potential causal relationship between 91 inflammatory factors and the risk of lung cancer (LC). Methods By extracting related data of inflammatory factors and LC and its subtypes from public databases of Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS), bidirectional, repeated, multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) and subgroup MR methods were used for analysis. The inverse variance weighted method was mainly used for causal inference, and a series of sensitivity analyses were applied to verify the strength of the results. Results Higher levels of CD5, interleukin-18 (IL-18), and oncostatin-M (OSM) were causally associated with a lower risk of LC, while nerve growth factor-β (NGF-β) and S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) were associated with an increased risk of LC. Subgroup MR analysis results showed that IL-18 had a causal relationship with a reduced risk of lung adenocarcinoma, while NGF-β and S100A12 had a causal relationship with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma; CD5 and OSM had a causal relationship with a reduced risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma; NGF-β had a causal relationship with an increased risk of small cell lung cancer. Conclusion Five inflammatory factors, including CD5, IL-18, OSM, NGF-β, and S100A12 have a causal correlation with the risk of LC, providing potential targets for early screening of LC patients and development of therapeutic drugs.

ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effects and mechanisms of Astragali Radix polysaccharide （APS） on inhibitor of differentiation1 （ID1） and protein kinase B （Akt） in gastric cancer. MethodsImmunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of ID1 and Akt in 61 gastric cancer tissue samples and 20 adjacent normal gastric tissue samples. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the localization of ID1 and Akt. The effects of APS at the concentrations of 0.625， 1.25， 2.5， 5， 10， 20 mg·L^-1 on the proliferation of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells were examined by the cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） method and the colony formation assay. The target information of APS was retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Analysis Platform and Swiss Target Prediction. Keywords such as gastric cancer， gastric tumor， and stomach cancer were searched against GeneCards， UniProt， DisGeNET， and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） for the screening of gastric cancer-related targets. The online tool jvenn was used to create the Venn diagram to identify the common targets， and STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct the protein-protein interaction network. Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses were conducted via R 4.2.2 to predict the potential roles of APS in the development of gastric cancer. The cell scratch assay was employed to assess the effect of APS on the migration of MGC-803 cells. The protein and mRNA levels of ID1 and Akt in the cells treated with APS were determined by Western blot and Real-time PCR， respectively. ResultsCompared with the adjacent normal gastric tissue， the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue showed increased positive expression of ID1 （χ² =81.00， P<0.01）. Immunofluorescence detection showed that ID1 and Akt were mainly located in the cytoplasm of gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Bioinformatics analysis identified 14 common genes shared between APS and gastric cancer. The average degree of protein-protein interaction network nodes was 14.29. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that ID1 and Akt were significantly enriched in the Rap1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （PI3K） /Akt signaling pathways. Cell experiments demonstrated that 5-fluorouracil （0.1 mg·L^-1） and APS （10， 20 mg·L^-1） groups showed decreased cell proliferation， migration， and colony formation. Compared with the control group， 10， 20 mg·L^-1 APS inhibited the proliferation of MGC-803 cells （P<0.01）， with 10 mg·L^-1 APS demonstrating stronger inhibitory effect. In addition， APS at 10， 20 mg·L^-1 inhibited the migration （P<0.01） and colony formation （P<0.05， P<0.01） of MGC-803 cells. Compared with the control group， APS at 10， 20 mg·L^-1 down-regulated the protein levels of ID1 （P<0.01） and Akt （P<0.05） and the mRNA levels of ID1 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and Akt （P<0.05， P<0.01） in MGC-803 cells. ConclusionID1 and Akt are highly expressed in the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue， which may be related to the development of gastric cancer. APS can down-regulate the protein and mRNA levels of ID1 and Akt to exert anti-tumor effects， which is expected to provide new therapeutic targets for gastric cancer treatment.

To investigate the effects of Wogonin (WO) on learning and memory impairment, Aβ1-42 was injected intracerebroventricularly to induced a mouse learning and memory impairment model, and D-galactose was injected intraperitoneally to induced a mouse acute aging model. Mice were administered WO (75, 150, or 300 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 28 consecutive days. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM), novel object recognition (NOR), and open field tests (OFT). In the Aβ1-42 model, WO treatment (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly improved the recognition index in the NOR test, while the 150 mg/kg group showed increased target quadrant preference in the MWM test. No changes in the total distance traveled in OFT. In the D-galactose aging model, the 150 mg/kg WO group exhibited increased platform crossings in the MWM test, and all WO doses (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) enhanced target quadrant preference, with no alterations in spontaneous movement. Western blot analysis revealed that WO significantly attenuated hippocampal apoptosis in both models. These findings suggest that WO ameliorates learning and memory impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease and aging.

Objective: To explore the correlation between allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) during the perioperative period. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort of 1,170 patients undergoing isolated CABG was analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to explore the nonlinear association between perioperative RBC transfusion (from intraoperative period to 72 hours postoperatively) and HAIs. Results: Among the 1,170 CABG patients, 109 patients (9.2%) received RBC transfusion during the operation or within 3 days after the operation. The risk of HAIs in those who received ≥4 units of RBCs during and within 3 days after the operation was 6.89 times higher than that in the non-transfusion group (95% CI: 3.65-17.20). Furthermore, there was a nonlinear threshold effect between the blood transfusion volume and postoperative HAIs (inflection point: 7.8 units). When the transfusion volume was ≤7.8 units, the risk of HAIs increased by 61% for each additional unit transfused (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.21-2.15). Beyond this threshold, no statistically significant association was observed (P=0.289). Conclusion: Perioperative RBC transfusion in CABG patients is associated with an increased incidence of HAIs. The perioperative blood transfusion volume has a curvilinear relationship with the risk of postoperative HAIs. When the blood transfusion volume is ≤7.8 units, the blood transfusion volume has a dose-dependent relationship with postoperative infection, with higher blood transfusion volumes correlating with greater postoperative infection risk. When the blood transfusion volume is >7.8 units, the relationship between the two is not statistically significant. The preventive effect of reducing RBC transfusion on HAIs requires further validation in the future.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic and endocrine disorder. Long-term hyperglycemia can lead to severe chronic complications, imposing substantial economic burdens on both society and patients. Despite the availability of various hypoglycemic agents for clinical use, these agents often fail to meet the therapeutic needs of T2DM and its complications. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies and drugs. Lithocarpus litseifolius(L. litseifolius), commonly referred to as "cordyceps on trees", has a long history of use in traditional medicine and can be applied in tea, sugar, and medicine. Research indicates that L. litseifolius extracts are rich in dihydrochalcones, including trilobatin, phloridzin, and phloretin, which exhibit a range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects. These properties suggest potential applications in the treatment of T2DM and its complications. This review systematically compiled and organized the relevant literature from the past decade on dihydrochalcones(trilobatin, phloridzin, and phloretin) from L. litseifolius extracts. It highlighted recent research progress regarding their role in treating T2DM and its complications through mechanisms such as reducing insulin resistance, regulating glucose transport, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, modulating enzyme activity, regulating gut microbiota, and alleviating inflammation and oxidative damage. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference and basis for future research on the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its complications using dihydrochalcones(trilobatin, phloridzin, and phloretin) from L. litseifolius extracts.
Chalcones/chemistry* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism* ; Humans ; Animals ; Elaeocarpaceae/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the advantages and effectiveness of the independently developed intelligent orthopedic robot-assisted distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails. METHODS: Thirty-two adult cadaveric femur specimens were randomly divided into two groups, with 16 specimens in each group. The experimental group used the intelligent orthopedic robot to assist in the distal locking of femoral intramedullary nail holes, while the control group used the traditional method of manual locking under X-ray fluoroscopy. The locking time, fluoroscopy times, and the success rate of first locking were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The locking time of the experimental group was (273.94±38.67) seconds, which was shorter than that of the control group [(378.38±152.72) seconds], and number of fluoroscopies was (4.56±0.81) times, which was less than that of the control group [(8.00±3.98) times]. The differences were significant [ MD=73.054 (-37.187, 85.813), P=0.049; MD=1.969 (-1.437, 2.563), P=0.002]. The first locking success rate of the experimental group was 100% (16/16), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (68.75%, 11/16) ( P=0.043). CONCLUSION The efficiency of distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails assisted by the intelligent orthopedic robot is significantly higher than that of the traditional manual locking method under fluoroscopy, as it can markedly reduce the time required for distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails, decrease intraoperative radiation exposure, and increase the success rate of locking.
Humans ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/instrumentation* ; Bone Nails ; Fluoroscopy ; Femur/diagnostic imaging* ; Femoral Fractures/surgery* ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/instrumentation* ; Cadaver ; Adult ; Robotics ; Male