Aim To observe the therapeutie effeet of (AA) rats and its effect on the aetivity of tryptophan allopurinol ( ALLO) on adjuvant induced arthritis 2,3 dioxygenase (TDO).Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, AA model group, ALLO group (10,20 , 40 mg • kg 1 ) and methotrexate group (0.5 mg • kg 1 ).The AA rats were established by intracutaneous injection of complete Freund's adju¬vant into the right toes of rats.The body weight,joint swelling number, joint pathology, spleen index and fi¬broblast like synoviocytes ( FLS) proliferation of the rats were observed to explore the therapeutic effect of ALLO.Flow cytometry detected the number of CD68 ∗ macrophages and the ratio of Thl7/Treg of spleen.The concentration of tryptophan ( Trp) and kvnurenine ( Kyn) in the liver and the supernatant of FLS were de¬termined by high performance liquid chromatography.Results Compared with model group, ALLO adminis¬ tration significantly increased the body weight of AA rats, reduced the number of joint swelling, improved joint pathological injury,decreased spleen index,inhib¬ited the proliferation of FLS, reduced the number of macrophages in the spleen,decreased Thl7/Treg ratio, inhibited the metabolism of Tip and the production of Kyn in liver and FLS culture supernatant, and de¬creased the liver Kyn/Trp ratio (TOO activity).Con¬clusion ALLO has therapeutic effect on AA rats, which may be related to its regulation of TDO-mediated kyn metabolism pathway.

Objective To evaluate the association between small,dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C)and severity of coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD).Methods A total of 436 outpatients with suspected coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) and underwent coronary computed tomography (CT) were consecutively enrolled from July 2015 to March 2016 in Fuwai Hospital.Correlations between serum sdLDL-C and the severity of CAD including characteristics of plaque,the number of stenosed coronary vessels,the degree of stenosis were analyzed.Results sdLDL-C was positively correlated with apolipoprotein B (apoB),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),blood glucose (Glu)with the coefficient correlation 0.644,0.631,0.558,0.434 and 0.145 successively(P ＜ 0.01),and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r =-0.241,P ＜ 0.01).sdLDL-C and apoB were the risk factors for severe CAD (triple-vessel disease and severe stenosis),independent of traditional risk factors (age,gender,hypertension,diabetes,smoking,alcohol consumption)and the use of lipidlowering agents.For the patients with triple-vessel disease,odds ratio of LDL-C,sdLDL-C and apoB were 1.936,2.673 and 31.707 respectively.For the patients with severe stenosis,LDL-C was not an independent factor,while sdLDL-C and apoB still had predictive value (odds ratio were 2.000 and 9.457 respectively).Conclusion sdLDL-C should be a predictor of severe CAD independent of traditional risk factors that may be useful for further risk stratification in the patients with CAD.

Obj ective In the body of stereotactic radiotherapy ( SBRT ) , using Cone Beam is the matc-hing precision of soft tissue and bone anatomy ,translation between evaluation organization and internal organiza-tion in the rotation of the lung cancer patients with tumor location error ,location correction .Methods Applica-tion varian companies in the United States has the airborne imaging system clinac -ix linear accelerator apparatus treatment of 8 cases of lung cancer patients .By CBCT and SBRT comparison before and after the treatment for each patient and evaluate internal instant translation and rotation of the body of the patients with SBRT postures , tumor location and tumor center of baseline shift score changes .Results Based on the difference between of the anatomy of the bone and soft tissue match position is 3.0 mm(0~8.3 mm).The patient′s tumor location in 3-d median change is 1.4 mm(0~12.2 mm)and 12.2 mm(0~13.2 mm).The median baseline offset between 3 d score is 2.2 mm(0~4.7 mm).The rest of the system error and random error about 1 °.Conclusion In Lung cancer SBRT transformation to improve treatment of lung tumor process , change the position of tumor center is mainly affected by the body′s internal organization instant translation and rotation .

Objective To numerically simulate the propagation of pulse wave in human arterial tree by proposing a novel calculation method which combines a transmission line model and a recursive algorithm of input impedance, and to study the effects of individual differences and arterial tree parameters on pulse wave so as to provide references for the analysis on physiologic and pathologic characteristics of human arterial tree. MethodsThe transmission line model of human arterial tree was constructed, which consisted of 55-segment large and medium sized arteries. The recursive algorithm was applied to compute the input impedance of arterial tree at each point. The blood pressures and flows of 55 arteries were calculated and showed in the distribution graphs. Based on this method, the effects of height, heart rate, stroke volume, internal radius and wall thickness on pulse wave propagation and blood pressure distribution were compared. Results The simulation results were in good agreement with the general rules of pulse wave propagation. The propagation of pulse wave in arterial tree showed significantly different characteristics for different parameters. Conclusions The proposed method can effectively simulate the propagation of pulse wave in arterial tree and accurately reflect the effects of individual differences and hemodynamics parameters on pulse wave propagation, and it is an important assistant means for the pathophysiologic analysis and diagnosis of human arterial tree.

Objective To observe the effect of iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism on the protein expressions of calcineurin in the hip-pocampus of pups. Methods Female Wistar rats (n=28) after pregenancy were randomly divided into control group,hypothyroid group and iodine deficient group. According to the dose of propylthiouracil (PTU) in the fed water, hypothyroid group was divided into 5 ppm group and 15 ppm group (7 rats in each group). Totally 5 pups from each group were sacrificed and perfused intracardially in postnatal day (PN) 7,PN14 and PN21. Brains were removed,fixed and sectioned coronally. All sections were observed and analysed for the protein exression of calcineurin by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus CA1,CA3 and DG regions. Results In PN14 and PN21,protein levels of cal-cineurin in GA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in iodine-deficient and 15 ppm treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the controls (P< 0.05) and in DG region,the contrary was true. In PN7,the positive products were scarely observated in each region and the protein expression was no significantly different in all four groups. Conclusion Iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism may increase the protein expression of calcineurin.

Background and purpose: Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycophosphoprotein that is expressed by numerous human cancer cells. The function of OPN in skeletal modeling and remodeling, bone resorption, angiogenesis and tumor cell metastasis and progression through binding with integrin and CD44 receptors were studied. Our purpose of the study was to detect the level of osteopontin(OPN) and CD44 variant isoforms(CD44v6) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and to explore the relationship between OPN and CD44v6 with the progress of MM. Methods: 32 MM patients were admitted to our hospital from Sep. 2007 to Dec. 2008. The patients were divided into two groups, group A (untreated and relapsed MM patients) and B (stable MM patients), and the control group including 15 subjects were the benign anemia patients or healthy people who suffered bone fracture. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from MM patients and subjects were investigated as potential OPN and CD44v6 producers. The level of OPN and CD44v6 of the conditioned media from MM patients and subjects were analyzed by ELISA. Results: The OPN level in group A (19 cases) was significantly higher than group B (13 cases) and control group (P<0.05). The CD44v6 level of 14 patients in group A was significantly higher than that of 10 cases in group B and control group (P<0.05); The OPN level of MM patients was correlated with the level of CD44v6 (r=0.52, P=0.000), the percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow (r=0.74, P=0.000), M protein (r=0.53, P=0.014), and β2-microglubin (r=0.62, P=0.002). Conclusion: The increase of OPN and CD44v6 is associated with progress and pathogenesis of MM,and may be involved with tumor burden, stage and tumor invasion.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the usefulness of two- dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) in the identification and classification of Le Fort type fractures.

METHODSSixty-two patients with different types of Le Fort fractures underwent CT scanning and 3D-CT reconstruction. The data were analyzed by multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), surface shaded display (SSD) and volume rendering (VR) respectively.

RESULTSThe patients with Le Fort I, Le Fort II fracture and Le Fort III fracture accounted for 16.1%, 14.5% and 12.9% respectively. The compound fractures were the most common type and accounted for 56.5% (n=35, 18 cases with Le Fort I+II fracture, 10 cases with Le Fort II+III fracture and 7 cases with Le Fort I+ II+III fracture). Fifty-five cases coexisted with other fractures in maxillofacial region. 2D-CT could be used to define the tiny fractures and the deep-structure fractures more accurately compared with 3D-CT, but the real impression of Le Fort type fractures could not be correctly evaluated on 2D-CT. 3D-CT could clearly demonstrate the whole shape of Le Fort type fractures and identify the classification of Le Fort fractures.

CONCLUSIONS3D-CT is the best imaging method for the diagnosis of Le Fort type fractures and can provide valuable information of space relationship, especially for the design of treatment plan before operation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Facial Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Fractures ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To investigate the changes of the activity and the distribution of the rat cardiac calcineurin (CaN) which is the signalling molecule of the hypertrophy induced by the external aldosterone(Ald), and to detect the mechanism of the regulation of CaN. Methods 21 male wister rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: group Ald(7 rats), treated with Ald 18?g/d, peritoneal injection (i p) for 4 weeks; group spironolactone (spiron) (7 rats), treated with Ald and with spiron 20mg?kg -1 ?d -1 oral for 4 weeks; and group control (7 rats). The plasma concentrations of Ald, angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)and endothelin(ET), blood levels of NO, the tissue activity of the CaN and distribution of CaN A? in the myocardium of the left ventricle, were detected in the rats by the radioimmunoassay , by the nitrate assay, by the chromophoric assay and by the immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results The concentration of the plasma Ald increased by 1 62 times, the blood NO - 3 concentration was deceased, the ratio of Ald over NO - 3( Ald/ NO - 3) increased by 2 95 times, and the cardiac tissue levels of CaN activity was were 1 47 times higher, in the rats treated with ald than in the normotensive rats. CaN A? distributed over cardiac cytoplasm, and the positive dyeing of the local CaN A? in the cytoplasm was thick near the cell membrane in the rats treated with Ald. The treatment with spiron could decreased the blood levels of the AngII?Ald/ NO - 3?ET/NO - 3?AngII/ NO - 3 and the tissue activity of myocardial CaN, positive dyeing of the local CaN A? in the cytoplasm, and increased blood NO - 3 concentration. Conclusion The aldosterone may be the main stimuli factor which can damage the balance of the blood active factors, and then make a novel cardiac hypertrophic signalling molecule calcineurin activated and redistributed in the cytoplasm of the rat left ventricular myocardium

Objective To explore the correlation of the formation of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) after healing of inappropriately treated wound of skin with epithelial mesenchymal cells transdifferentiation (EMT). Methods Morphological change in epithelial tissue was observed with histopathologic methods in epithelial cells from PEH lesions ( n =11) and normal skin specimens obtained adjacent to PEH (PEH N, n =6) from 11 patients with PEH. At the same time, the characteristic of expressions and distribution of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen, alpha smooth muscule actin (? SMA), vimentin (Vim), desmin (Des), transforming growth factor ?1 (TGF ?1)and its receptor (TGFRI), pan cytokeratin (CKp), and type Ⅳ collagen in PEH were examined with indirect immunofluorescent double labelling method. Results In comparison with PEH N, squamous epithelium in PEH presented a picture of atypical hyperplasia, there was a derangement of basal apical polarity, disrupture in structure, and a displacement of cells foward mesenchyme. Examination under electron microscope revealed deformation of epithelial basal cells, with loose intercellular junction, and newly formed tumor like cells distingaishable from original epithelial cells. Expressions of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen,? SMA,Vim and Des could be detected in the epithelial cells of PEH. However,the protein expressions of CKp, Ⅳ type collagen were significantly decreased in basal epithelial cells. Furthermore, free epithelial cells expressing CKp were found in the deep layer of mesenchyme. Conclusion It was confirmed for the first time that there was a phenomenon of EMT during the course of PEH formation. Epithelial cells in PEH lesion with granuloma and non hypertrophic scar are characteristized by de differentiation, redifferentiation and a decrement of TGF ?1 induction, which are involved in reactive hyperplasia of the epithelium.

Objective To study the effect of rosiglitazone on plaque stability in ApoE-knockout mice. Methods Thirty-two 6-week-old ApoE knockout mice were used as atherosclerosis models in two groups: rosiglitazonegroup (n=18) and control group (n=14). Male and female mice were half separated into two groups. All mice were fed normal chow diet. Rosiglitazone group received rosiglitazone 17 mg/kg of body weight/day. The animals were sacrificed and aortae were prepared for analysis after fourteen weeks. Aortic root were cutted and prepared for paraffin section. The positive percentage of macrophage cells, smooth muscle cells, tumor necrosis factor-? and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in aortic lesions were measured by immunohistochemistry. The changes of grey gradient of collagen in lesion of both groups were measured by Masson stain. Results The positive percentage of smooth muscle cells [(38.5?7.2)%vs(18.6?6.7)%,P