Background Existing studies have confirmed that fine particulate matter (PM_2.5)is one of the important factors inducing pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is the terminal stage of a major category of lung diseases characterized by the destruction of tissue structure, and eventually leading lung ventilation and ventilation dysfunction. No effective pulmonary fibrosis treatment is available yet. Objective To investigate the protective effect of salidroside on pulmonary fibrosis induced by the exposure of PM_2.5 and its molecular mechanism. Methods Seventy 7-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group (intratracheal instillation of normal saline + saline by gavage, n=25), Sal group (intratracheal instillation of normal saline + Sal 60 mg·kg⁻¹ by gavage, n=10), PM_2.5 group (intratracheal instillation of PM_2.5 5 mg·kg⁻¹ + saline by gavage, n=10), and Sal + PM_2.5 group (intratracheal instillation of PM_2.5 5 mg·kg⁻¹ +Sal 60 mg·kg⁻¹ by gavage, n=10). The mice were administered by gavage once daily, intratracheal instillation once every 3 d, and every 3 d constituted an experimental cycle. At the end of the 26-30th cycles, 3 mice in the control group and 3 mice in the PM_2.5 group were randomly sacrificed, and the lung tissues were collected for Masson staining to verify whether the pulmonary fibrosis model was successfully established. After 30 cycles, the model was successfully constructed. After 1 week of continuous observation, the mice were sacrificed, and the blood and lung tissues of the mice were collected to make lung tissue sections. Assay kits were correspondingly employed to detect oxidative stress indicators such as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of fibrosis-related proteins (Collagen-III, α-SMA), mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins (MFN1, Drp1), and mitophagy-related proteins (PINK1, Parkin, and LC3). Results Compared with the control group, the weight gain rate of the PM_2.5 group was slowed down (P<0.05), which was alleviated by the Sal intervention (P<0.05). The lung coefficient increased after the PM_2.5 exposure (P<0.05), which was alleviated by Sal intervention. Compared with the control group, the PM_2.5 group showed severe alveolar structure damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and blue collagen deposition, and significantly increased the lung injury score, collagen volume fraction (CVF), Szapiel score, and Ashcroft score (P<0.05), as well as serum oxidative stress levels (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of Collagen-III, α-SMA, Drp1, PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 II/I were increased (P<0.05), and the expression of MFN1 was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the PM_2.5 group, the Sal intervention alleviated lung injury, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition, showing decreased lung injury score, CVF, Szapiel score, and Ashcroft score (P<0.05), and decreased serum oxidative stress levels (P<0.05); the protein expression levels of Collagen-III, α-SMA, PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 II/I were decreased (P<0.05), the expression level of Drp1 was decreased, and the expression level of MFN1 was increased. Conclusion In the process of pulmonary fibrosis induced by PM_2.5 exposure in mice, Sal may affect mitochondrial autophagy through PINK1/Parkin pathway and play a protective role. The specific mechanism needs to be further verified.

Objective:To retrospectively evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of total 3D laparo-scopic ileal ureters replacement for bilateral ureters combined with bladder augmentation in patients with post-radiotherapy long-segment bilateral ureteral strictures and contracted bladder.Methods:Clinical data of two patients(aged 72 and 54 years)with radiation-induced long-segment bilateral ureteral stric-tures and reduced bladder capacity,treated at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from Octo-ber 2023 to June 2024,were analyzed.Both presented with bilateral flank pain,recurrent chills/fever,urinary frequency,and urgency.Preoperative ureteral stricture lengths were measured as follows:left 10.4 cm and right 8.7 cm in the first case;left 10.6 cm and right 11.7 cm in the second case.Bladder capacity assessed by nephrostomy-assisted antegrade urography was 90 mL and 130 mL respectively.Both underwent single-position,one-stage totally 3D laparoscopic bilateral ileal ureteral replacement and blad-der augmentation based on membrane anatomy principles,with regular postoperative follow-up.Results:Procedures were completed by the same experienced urologist.Operative times were 420 min and 355 min,with intraoperative blood loss of 50 mL(no transfusion required).Postoperative bowel function re-sumed at the end of 4.5 and 3 days.No major perioperative complications occurred.Ureteral stents were removed at 2 months postoperatively,with imaging showing improved hydronephrosis,unobstructed ure-teral drainage,symmetrical bladder morphology,and smooth walls.Postoperative bladder capacities were 230 mL and 250 mL.Follow-up durations were 10 and 8 months.Both patients experienced significant relief of flank pain and lower urinary tract symptoms.No complications(enteric fistula,urinary fistula,or metabolic acidosis)were observed.At the final follow-up,one patient had mildly elevated serum cre-atinine,while the other showed reduced levels compared with preoperative values;both remained stable.Conclusion:Membrane anatomy-based dissection facilitates safe mobilization of fibrotic ureters with mini-mal bleeding and collateral damage.Total intracorporeal 3D laparoscopic ileal ureters replacement for bi-lateral ureters combined with bladder augmentation effectively addresses long-segment ureteral obstruction and improves bladder capacity.This approach is technically safe and feasible,though further validation with larger clinical cohorts is warranted.

Objective:To retrospectively evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of total 3D laparo-scopic ileal ureters replacement for bilateral ureters combined with bladder augmentation in patients with post-radiotherapy long-segment bilateral ureteral strictures and contracted bladder.Methods:Clinical data of two patients(aged 72 and 54 years)with radiation-induced long-segment bilateral ureteral stric-tures and reduced bladder capacity,treated at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from Octo-ber 2023 to June 2024,were analyzed.Both presented with bilateral flank pain,recurrent chills/fever,urinary frequency,and urgency.Preoperative ureteral stricture lengths were measured as follows:left 10.4 cm and right 8.7 cm in the first case;left 10.6 cm and right 11.7 cm in the second case.Bladder capacity assessed by nephrostomy-assisted antegrade urography was 90 mL and 130 mL respectively.Both underwent single-position,one-stage totally 3D laparoscopic bilateral ileal ureteral replacement and blad-der augmentation based on membrane anatomy principles,with regular postoperative follow-up.Results:Procedures were completed by the same experienced urologist.Operative times were 420 min and 355 min,with intraoperative blood loss of 50 mL(no transfusion required).Postoperative bowel function re-sumed at the end of 4.5 and 3 days.No major perioperative complications occurred.Ureteral stents were removed at 2 months postoperatively,with imaging showing improved hydronephrosis,unobstructed ure-teral drainage,symmetrical bladder morphology,and smooth walls.Postoperative bladder capacities were 230 mL and 250 mL.Follow-up durations were 10 and 8 months.Both patients experienced significant relief of flank pain and lower urinary tract symptoms.No complications(enteric fistula,urinary fistula,or metabolic acidosis)were observed.At the final follow-up,one patient had mildly elevated serum cre-atinine,while the other showed reduced levels compared with preoperative values;both remained stable.Conclusion:Membrane anatomy-based dissection facilitates safe mobilization of fibrotic ureters with mini-mal bleeding and collateral damage.Total intracorporeal 3D laparoscopic ileal ureters replacement for bi-lateral ureters combined with bladder augmentation effectively addresses long-segment ureteral obstruction and improves bladder capacity.This approach is technically safe and feasible,though further validation with larger clinical cohorts is warranted.

Background Salidroside (SAL) has a protective effect on multiple organ systems. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in the atmosphere may lead to disruptions in gut microbiota and impact intestinal health. The regulatory effect of SAL on the gut microbiota of mice exposed to PM_2.5 requires further investigation. Objective To evaluate gut microbiota disruption in mice after being exposed to PM_2.5 and the potential effect of SAL. Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6 to 8 weeks, were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, an SAL group, a PM_2.5 group, and an SAL+PM_2.5 group, each containing 10 mice. In the SAL group and the SAL+PM_2.5 group, the mice were administered SAL (60 mg·kg⁻¹) by gavage, while in the control group and the PM_2.5 group, sterile saline (10 mL·kg⁻¹) was administered by gavage. In the PM_2.5 group and the SAL+PM_2.5 group, PM_2.5 suspension (8 mg·kg⁻¹) was intratracheally instilled, and in the control group and SAL group, sterile saline (1.5 mL·kg⁻¹) was intratracheally administered. Each experiment cycle spanned 2 d, with a total of 10 cycles conducted over 20 d. Histopathological changes in the ileum tissue of the mice were observed after HE staining. Colon contents were collected for gut microbiota sequencing and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) measurements. Results The PM_2.5 group showed infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ileum tissue, while the SAL+PM_2.5 group exhibited only a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared to the control group, the PM_2.5 group showed decreased Shannon index (P<0.05) and increased Simpson index (P<0.05), indicating that the diversity of gut microbiota in this group was decreased; the SAL+PM_2.5 group showed increased Shannon index compared to the PM_2.5 group (P<0.05) and decreased Simpson index (P<0.05), indicating that the diversity of gut microbiota in mice intervened with SAL was increased. The principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed a significant separation between the PM_2.5 group and the control group, while the separation trend was less evident among the control group, the SAL group, and the SAL+PM_2.5 group. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering tree results showed that the control group and the SAL group clustered together first, followed by clustering with the SAL+PM_2.5 group, and finally, the three groups clustered with the PM_2.5 group. The PCoA and UPGMA clustering results indicated that the uniformity and similarity of the microbiota in the PM_2.5 group were significantly decreased. Compared to the control group, the PM_2.5 group showed decreased abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas (P<0.05) and increased abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, genus Escherichia, genus Bacteroides, genus Prevotella, genus Enterococcus, and genus Proteus (P<0.05). Compared to the PM_2.5 group, the SAL+PM_2.5 group showed decreased abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, phylum Actinobacteria, genus Prevotella, and genus Proteus (P<0.05), and increased abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas (P<0.05). The PM_2.5 group showed reduced levels of propionic acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid compared to the control group (P<0.05), while the SAL+PM_2.5 group showed increased levels of propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid compared to the PM_2.5 group (P<0.05). Conclusion Exposure to PM_2.5 can cause pathological alterations, microbial dysbiosis, and disturbing production of SCFAs in intestinal tissue in mice. However, SAL can provide a certain degree of protective effect against these changes.

ObjectiveTo observe the possible mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi Decoction （地黄饮子） for improving cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease （AD） from the perspective of retina. MethodsForty-five APP/PS1 mice （AD model mice） were randomly divided into model group， Dihuang Yinzi Decoction group， and memantine group， with 15 mice in each group， while 15 wild-type C57BL/6J mice from the same litter were used as blank group. Mice in Dihuang Yinzi Decoction group were given Dihuang Yinzi Decoction 30.03 g/（kg·d） by gavage， mice in the memantine group were given memantine hydrochloride 6.1 mg/（kg·d） by gavage， and mice in the blank group and the model group were given normal saline 2 ml/（kg·d） by gavage for 4 consecutive weeks. Fasting blood glucose was measured weekly. After 4 weeks of intervention， oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） and insulin tolerance test （ITT） were performed； Morris water maze was used to detect the changes in spatial memory ability of mice； glucose oxidase method was used to detect retinal glucose content of mice； enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum and retinal insulin content of mice， and Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes in the retina， and the retinal thickness and ganglion cell number were counted； protein immunoblotting was performed to detect the retinal pathway-associated proteins ［insulin receptor substrate 1 （IRS1）， phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 （pIRS1）， phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt1）， phosphorylated protein kinase B （pAkt1）］ expression； retinal glucose transporter protein 4 （GLUT4） expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. ResultsCompared with the blank group， fasting blood glucose of mice in the model group at weeks 1， 2， 3， and 4， blood glucose and area under the curve （AUC） at different time point of OGTT and ITT test， fasting serum insulin， and HOMA-IR increased （P＜0.05， P＜0.01）； in the Morris water maze experiment， the escape latency increased from day 3 to day 5， and the number of crossing platforms， the percentage of target quadrant distance， and the percentage of target quadrant time decreased （P＜0.05， P＜0.01）； the outer nuclear layer of the retina became sparse， thinner， and the number of ganglion cells decreases （P＜0.01）； the expression level of retinal glucose increased， while the expression levels of insulin， pIRS1/IRS1， PI3K/β-Actin， pAkt1/Akt1， and GLUT4 proteins decreased （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， fasting blood glucose at week 4， blood glucose at each time point of the OGTT and ITT tests AUC decreased （P＜0.05， P＜0.01）， and fasting serum insulin and HOMA-IR decreased （P＜0.05） in Dihuang Yinzi Decoction group； In the Morris water maze test， the escape latency shortened on day 4 and day 5， number of platform crossings， target quadrant distance as a proportion of total distance， and target quadrant movement time as a proportion of total time decreased （P＜0.05， P＜0.01）； retinal pathological changes alleviated， and retinal thickness and ganglion cell number increased （P＜0.01）； retinal glucose content decreased， and retinal pIRS1/IRS1， PI3K/β-Actin， and GLUT4 protein expression elevated （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionsDihuang Yinzi Decoction can improve cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease， which may be related to regulating retinal insulin content and insulin signaling pathway.

Background Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exposure can cause structural disruption of intestinal flora and functional impairment. Vitamin C (VC) is one of the essential micronutrients, which plays an important role in promoting the growth of intestinal probiotics, improving the intestinal barrier, and maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal flora. However, the regulatory effect of VC on the intestinal flora disorders caused by Cr(VI) exposure remains to be investigated. Objective To investigate the effect of VC on intestinal flora disruption in mice due to Cr(VI) exposure. Methods Thirty-two SPF-grade C57BL/6 mice were acclimatized and fed for 3 d and randomly divided into control (Con), VC, potassium dichromate [K₂Cr₂O₇, Cr(VI)], and VC+K₂Cr₂O₇ [VC+Cr(VI)] groups. At 8:00 a.m. on day 4, the Con group (double-distilled water given by gavage and injected intraperitoneally), the VC group (VC given by gavage and double-distilled water injected intraperitoneally), the Cr(VI) group (double-distilled water given by gavage and K₂Cr₂O₇ solution injected intraperitoneally), and the VC+Cr(VI) group (VC given by gavage and K₂Cr₂O₇ solution injected intraperitoneally) were treated. The dose of VC was 200 mg·kg⁻¹, and the dose of K₂Cr₂O₇ was 1.25 mg·kg⁻¹. The mice were treated for 45 consecutive days and then executed, the contents of the colon were sampled in sterile freezing tubes, and three replicates were collected from each group. After labeling, the samples were immediately put into liquid nitrogen for rapid freezing. After all the samples were collected, they were transferred to a -80 ℃ ultra-low temperature refrigerator for storage. Samples of colon contents were analyzed for intestinal flora structure by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics software. Results The Cr(VI) exposure resulted in reduced body weight gain values in mice compared to the Con group. Pathological changes occurred in the ileal tissue of mice, with significant inflammatory cell infiltration in the Cr(VI) group and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the VC+Cr(VI) group. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of intestinal flora was altered in the Cr(VI) group of mice. In the α diversity analysis, the mean Sobs index in the Cr(VI) group was 240.333±67.796, the Chao index was 258.173±64.813, and the Ace index was 259.481±66.891, which were significantly lower than those in the Con group (P<0.05), the PD whole tree index in the Cr(VI) group was 27.863±2.399, which was significantly higher than that in the Con group (P<0.05), and the VC intervention significantly reversed the changes of the above indexes due to Cr(VI) exposure (P<0.05). In the β diversity analysis, the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) results showed a significant separation between the Cr(VI) group and the Con group, and after the VC intervention, there was a retraction of the separation trend and the difference was reduced. The multi-sample similarity dendrogram results showed that the control and the VC groups clustered together first, then with the VC+Cr(VI) group, and finally with the Cr(VI) group. The abundances of Bacteroidetes, Saccharibacteria, and Tenericutes in the intestine of mice in the Cr(VI) group were decreased, and the abundance of Firmicutes was increased; the abundances of Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Bacteroides, and Ruminiclostridium were also increased. Included among these, Bacteroides showed a significantly higher abundance compared to the control mice (P<0.05). Changes in the abundances of phyla and genera of the above mentioned gut microorganisms were reversed after the VC intervention. Conclusion Cr(VI) exposure can lead to intestinal damage and disorganization of the intestinal flora structure in mice, while VC intervention can ameliorate the above changes to a certain extent and normalize the intestinal flora structure.

Objective:To evaluate the left ventricular diastolic function and pulmonary congestion in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by cardiopulmonary ultrasound (CPUS), and to explore the value of CPUS in predicting the occurrence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in AMI patients with preserved LVEF during hospitalization.Methods:A total of eighty-four patients with AMI with preserved LVEF (≥50%) who received optimal emergency reperfusion therapy on admission at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from August 2021 to March 2022 were enrolled. All patients completed comprehensive cardiopulmonary ultrasonography within 12 hours after reperfusion therapy and LVEF, left atrial maximum volume(LAV), peak flow velocity of tricuspid valve regurgitation (V TR), peak flow velocity of mitral valve in early diastole (E), peak velocity of mitral valve annulus on septal side and left ventricular lateral side in early diastole and other conventional echocardiography parameters were obtained, and then the left atrial volume index (LAVI), the mean peak velocity of the mitral valve annulus on the septal side and left ventricular lateral side in early diastole (e′) and E/e′ were calculated; lung ultrasound parameters(the number of B lines) were obtained; the left ventricular global long-axis strain (GLS) was obtained using speckle tracking imaging (STE). The predictive power of CPUS parameters for HFpEF during hospitalization in AMI patients with preserved LVEF were analyzed. Results:①The incidence of HFpEF during hospitalization was 40.4% (34/84). ②The number of B lines and LAVI were independently correlated with the occurrence of HFpEF during hospitalization( P<0.05). ③The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the number of B lines and LAVI for predicting the occurrence of HFpEF during hospitalization were 0.766 and 0.690, respectively. The number of B lines combined with LAVI had the best predictive performance in predicting the occurrence of HFpEF during hospitalization, with the largest AUC of 0.903, which was significantly better than the number of B lines and LAVI ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The number of B lines combined with LAVI can effectively predict the occurrence of HFpEF during hospitalization in AMI patients with preserved LVEF, which is helpful to further improve the clinical management of AMI patients at risk of HFpEF.

Objective:This paper aim to analyze the influencing factors of individual academic performance based on the construction of a research-oriented hospital, to provide possible reference for improving the service of science and technology management.Methods:Selecting 45 experts determine the constituent index and assign value of the academic performance evaluation system by using Delphi method. The index setting emphasized clinical application orientation, and weighted total score was used as the academic performance evaluation standard. Conduct a-350-person anonymous questionnaire survey and use descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression methods to analyze the influencing factors.Results:The system includes a total number of 6 first-level indicators and 43 second-level indicators. The authoritative coefficients of the consulting experts are 8.5±0.6, and the Kendall of the two rounds of consultation are 0.78 and 0.83( P<0.05). The questionnaire results show that respondents with Ph. D degree, senior professional titles, mentor qualification, from large team and higher scientific research service support have better academic performance. personal background, team support and scientific research services have significant impact on academic performance. Conclusions:In order to improve the scientific research strength of the hospital, it is significant to focus on systematic scientific research training, strengthening discipline teams and research platforms, and improving the professional level of scientific research management.

Objective:To explore the feelings and experiences of young breast cancer patients' fertility intension and concern from the perspective of need theory, pay attention to the fertility needs of young breast cancer patients, so as to provide a basis for making personalized clinical decision and support.Methods:From April to July 2020, purpose sampling was used to select 12 young breast cancer patients from the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center for semi-structured interviews. The Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to encode, classify, and refine topics.Results:This study drew up an interview outline based on the need theory. This study conducted interviews with young breast cancer patients to extract 4 levels of themes related to the feelings and experiences of the fertility intension and concern, which were the basic needs and fertility concerns under the self-efficacy theory, and fertility intension and concern at the level of need for belonging and love, and self-realization needs and fertility concerns based on the sublimation of social roles, and fertility choice and concerns under the background of traditional culture.Conclusions:From the perspective of need theory, role realization and traditional culture have obvious influences on young breast cancer patients' fertility intension and concern. When making diagnosis, treatment and nursing decisions, medical and nursing staff need to give personalized fertility information support and nursing guidance based on the patient's social and cultural background.

Objective To evaluate the effect of two polymer membranes, polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA)and polylactic acid(PLA)during glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS),and to evaluate the morphology of membranous PHA after interlamellar implantation. Methods Twenty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were chosen and twenty-four of them were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=4):the PHA-low group,PHA-high group,PLA-low group,PLA-high group,positive control group(MMC group)and blank control group. The rabbits in each group received GFS. The corresponding polymer membranes were implanted under the scleral flap,while the MMC group was treated with 0.2 mg/mL mitomycin C(MMC) for 3 minutes,and the blank control group was treated without extra drugs. The intraocular pressure(IOP)was examined at 0 d,1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d and 84 d after GFS. The corneal layers of four rabbits were implanted with PHA membranes and the corneal morphological changes were observed after 84 d. Results The IOP of the PHA-low and PLA-high groups was lower than that of the blank control group at 84 d after GFS(P < 0.05),and was similar with that of the MMC group(P> 0.05). Morphological studies showed that there were no collagenous fibers filling in the duct, and the collagenous fibers around the membranes were generally arranged in parallel. There were no obvious changes in the peripheral collagen structure after implantation of PHA membranes between the corneal layers. Conclusions Application of PHA and PLA membranes during GFS in rabbits may maintain the level of IOP,and the effect is similar with MMC. The mechanism may be achieved through the mechanical blocking of fibrous tissue.