ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To explore the pharmacological mechanism of trace elements in preterm low birth weight infants through network pharmacology. METHODS Targets associated with trace elements were obtained from Drugbank database and TTD database. Genes related to preterm low birth weight infants were collected from GeneCards database and DisGeNET database. Two groups of data were intersected to get mapping targets. Protein-protein interaction network of mapping targets were constructed by STRING database. Candidate targets were screened by Cytoscape 3.6.1 and ranked to obtain key targets. The major trace elements were defined by establishing network of “trace elements-candidate targets”. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) and Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment analysis was performed via g:Profiler software to predict the molecular mechanisms and related pathways of trace elements on preterm low birth weight infants. RESULTS A sum of 211 targets of trace elements in preterm low birth weight infants were screened, including 26 candidate targets and three key targets: albumin(ALB), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH) and fibronectin 1(FN1). The major trace elements were copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn), regulating 22 and 19 targets respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis predicted that three major pathways were complement and coagulation cascades, cholesterol metabolism as well as lipid and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION The major trace elements Cu and Zn may cause neuronal damage and reduce the risk of oxidative stress-related diseases in premature infants through the regulation of GAPDH, ceruloplasmin(CP), superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), etc. The appropriate levels of Cu and Zn for preterm infants may regulate cholesterol metabolism and other signaling pathways and therefore reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in premature infants and adult. Further investigation of the pharmacological mechanism of trace elements in preterm infants is necessary to provide a more sufficient theoretical basis for the good growth and development of preterm infants.

The incidence and mortality rates of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are increasing constantly, and it is of great importance to explore new therapeutic targets. Ferroptosis, a unique pattern of cell death caused by iron-dependent cellular oxidative injury, is closely associated with iron metabolism and oxidative stress imbalance in cancer and has become a research hotspot in the field of tumor. This article introduces the mechanism of ferroptosis and the research advances in ferroptosis involved in the development and progression of CCA, and it is pointed out that the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis has an important clinical value in the malignant progression of CCA.

Objective To investigate the current situation of animal injury among children in Chongqing, and to provide a scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate and implement strategies and measures to prevent and control animal injury to children. Methods According to the method of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, 14,056 children in grades 4-12 in four districts of Chongqing were selected as the investigation subjects, and the occurrence of animal injuries in the past 6 months was investigated. Results The incidence of animal injury among school children in Chongqing was 0.35% and the incidence of person-time was 0.36%. The incidence rate in males (0.48%) was higher than that in females (0.31%). The incidence rate in urban children (0.43%) was higher than that in rural children (0.30%). The incidence of animal injury was the lowest in nuclear families (0.25%), and the highest in single-parent families (0.82%). There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of animal injuries in children among different fathers' occupational types, family types and parents' parenting styles (P<0.05).  The main place of child animal injury was home (57.14%). Recreational activities were the main cause of animal injury (51.02%). The main injuries were lower limbs (42.86%), upper limbs (24.49%) and head (10.20%). Conclusion The prevention and control of children's animal injury in Chongqing should focus on boys and families. It is suggested to take targeted and comprehensive interventions to prevent animal injuries in children.

Objective:To investigate the effects of multiple trace elements in neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN) on the stability of fat emulsion, and to assess the changes of stability indexes after filtration.Methods:With the standard body weight of 1.5 kg, seven groups of neonatal PN solutions with different concentrations of multiple trace elements were designed, including blank group (without multiple trace elements), normal dose group (1 ml/kg, i.e., 0.75 ml per 100 ml PN) and five experimental groups (i.e., 1.5 ml, 3 ml, 4.5 ml, 6 ml, and 7.5 ml per 100 ml PN respectively). Macroscopic observation was performed 0 h and 24 h after preparation. The mean droplet diameter (MDD) of lipid emulsion was determined with dynamic light scattering before and after filtration. The percentage of fat residing in globules larger than 5 μm (PFAT5) and the globule size distribution before and after filtration were determined with light blockage method.Results:Macroscopic examination of the 7 groups of PN solutions identified neither changes in color nor stratification within 24 hours after solution preparation. Within 24 hours after solution preparation, the MDDs of all PN solutions before filtration were between (338.67±6.11) nm and (370.00±15.13) nm, and the PFAT5 values before filtration ranged from (32.00±1.00) ×10 -3% to (85.67±6.81) ×10 -3%. The MDDs of all PN solutions after filtration were between (310.67±8.62) nm and (362.33±19.86) nm, and the PFAT5 values after filtration ranged from (4.67±1.15) ×10 -3% to (17.33±0.58) ×10 -3%. The concentration of multiple trace elements was positively correlated with PFAT5 ( P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in PFAT5 values at 0 h and 24 h after preparation ( P=0.004). The difference of PFAT5 values before and after filtration was also statistically significant ( P=0.000). Conclusions:Within 24 hours after solution preparation at room temperature, the appearance of neonatal PN solutions with different concentrations of trace elements supplementation was unchanged, and the MDDs of fat emulsions were all within the safe range. However, when the concentration of monovalent cations (Na +, K +) was 38.9 mmol/L, the concentration of divalent cation (Ca 2+) was 5 mmol/L, and the concentration of trace elements (Zn 2+, Cu 2+, Mn 2+, and Se 4+) was higher than 0.063 mmol/L, the PFAT5 value was higher than 0.05%. In this case, filtration with a 1.2 μm filter was necessary, which could significantly reduce the PFAT5 value and the globule size distribution, and improve the safety and standardization of the clinical application of PN solutions. It is suggested that the neonatal PN solutions supplemented with multiple trace elements injection (I) may be administered through a terminal filter.

Objective:To investigate high resolution CT (HRCT) manifestations and clinical features of patients infected with the novel coronavirus B.1.617.2 variant.Methods:A total of 125 patients with the novel coronavirus B.1.617.2 variant in Guangzhou Eighth People′s Hospital from May 21 to June 9, 2021 was enrolled. There were 52 males and 73 females, aged from 1 to 92 years old with a median age of 47 year. The clinical features and HRCT characteristics were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Of the 125 patients, the main clinical manifestations were fever in 54 patients, cough in 50 patients, pharyngeal discomfort in 39 patients, and diarrhea in 5 patients. HRCT showed pneumonia in 96 cases, which predominantly had ground-glass opacities in 92 cases, ground-glass opacities combined with local consolidation in 22 cases, consolidation in 11 cases, intralobular interstitial thickening in 51 cases, centrilobular structural thickening in 23 cases, and cord-like lesions in 33 cases. One patient had pleural effusion, and no enlarged lymph nodes were observed in all patients. The lesions were distributed in the subpleural and/or peripheral lung in 96 cases and along the bronchovascular bundle (middle and inner zone) in 24 cases. The time interval from onset to positive HRCT was 3 (1, 4) days in 96 patients with pneumonia on HRCT. HRCT showed absorption after the imaging findings reaching the peak in 20 patients, and the time interval between the first positive HRCT findings and the peak imaging was 6 (3, 7) days in these 20 patients.Conclusions:The novel coronavirus B.1.617.2 variant has a strong infectivity, short viral latency. Lung injury is decreaseel. People of all ages are susceptible and the diseasemay have rapid pnegression. HRCT mainly shows ground glass opacities, which are more common in subpleural and/or in the lung periphery, with interlobular thickening.

In recent years, with the changes in living standards and dietary structure, the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been increasing year by year in China, and the incidence rate in the general population is as high as 29.81%. An increasingly epidemiological evidence suggests that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become one of the causes of increasing liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, its etiology and pathogenesis are complex and have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, establishing an appropriate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease animal models for pre-clinical research is essential to elucidate its pathogenesis. This article summarizes the latest research progress of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease animal models, which are common at home and abroad in recent years.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of 0.1％ mometasone furoate cream in the treatment of phimosis in children.Methods A prospective study was carried out over two years period on an outpatient which basis on two groups of patients with severe phimosis.598 children with severe phimosis (Kikiros classification 4-5) aged from 2 years old to 11 years old and 8 months were selected.311 cases in the observation group and 287 cases in the control group.The observation group applied a steroid cream the foreskin twice a day for 4 weeks,and the control group used local handling of the foreskin twice a day for 4 weeks.The effects of the two groups after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment were compared.Results 29 cases in the observation group and 47 cases in the control group were loss of follow up.In the steroids group which including 282 patients,68.8％ of patients (194 cases) showed a complete response (full retraction of the foreskin) to the therapy.The total efficiency rate of the 4 stage phimosis group is higher than the 5 grade phimosis group.Patients who had a history of balanoposthitis or urinary tract infection showed poorer improvement in preputial retraction.A total of 28 out of 240 patients (11.7％) in the control group showed a complete response to the therapy.The total efficiency rate of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (x2 =173.121,P ＜ 0.01).There were 4 cases of discomfort in the observation group and 6 cases of foreskin injured in the control group.Conclusions Topical application of 0.1％ mometasone furoate cream in the treatment of severe phimosis in children is an effective,safe and simple non-invasive treatment with less adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of Compound xiongshao capsules in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).METHODS:A total of 97 DPN patients selected from our hospital during Jun.2015-Apr.2016 were divided into group A (compound xiongshao treatment group,46 cases) and control group (51 cases) according to random number table.The latter was divided into group B (epalrestat+beraprost sodium group,12 cases),group C (fursultiamine+mecobalamin group,12 cases) and group D (epalrestat group,27 cases) according to clinical symptoms and economic situation of patients.Four groups were given antidiabetic drugs for blood glucose control.Based on it,group A was additionally given Compound xiongshao capsules 0.9 g,tid;group B was additionally given Epalrestat tablets 50 mg,tid+Beraprost sodium tablets 40 μg,tid;group C was additionally given Fursultiamine tablets 50 mg,tid+Mecobalamin tablets 0.5 mg,rid;group D was additionally given Epalrestat tablets 50 mg,tid.All groups were treated for 6 months.Clinical efficacies were observed.TCSS scores,motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV),sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV),incubation period and amplitude of median nerve and common peroneal nerve,the levels of hemorheology indexes,blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,blood lipid,serum creatinine were compared before and after treatment.The occurrence of ADR was recorded.RESULTS:Total response rates of group A and B (82.61％,83.33％)were significantly higher than those of group C and D (33.33％,66.67％),total response rate of group D was significantly higher than that of group C,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in TCSS scores,MCV,SCV,incubation period and amplitude of median nerve,MCV and amplitude of common peroneal never,SCV,incubation period and amplitude of common peroneal never or whole blood high-shear viscosity among 4 groups (P＞0.05).After treatment,TCSS scores of group A,B and D were decreased significantly compared to before treatment,and those of group A and B were lower than those of group C and D,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).MCV,incubation period and amplitude of median nerve in group A and B,amplitude of median nerve in group C,MCV and amplitude of median nerve in group D were significantly better than before treatment;MCV,incubation period and amplitude of median nerve in group A and B were significantly better than group C and D,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).MCV,incubation period and amplitude of common peroneal never in group A,B,C were significantly better than before treatment,MCV and amplitude of common peroneal never in group A,B were significantly better than group C,D;the improvement of incubation period of common peroneal never in group A,B,D were significantly better than group C,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).SCV,incubation period and amplitude of median nerve,SCV and amplitude of common peroneal nerve in group A,B and D were significantly better than before treatment;SCV,incubation period and amplitude of median nerve,SCV and amplitude of common peroneal nerve in group A,SCV,incubation period and amplitude of median nerve and amplitude of common peroneal nerve in group B were significantly better than group C and D;SCV of median nerve in group D was significantly better than group C,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Whole blood high-shear viscosity of group A was decreased significantly compared to before treatment,and significantly lower than those of group B,C and D,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in total response rate and TCSS score between group A and B,and in the levels of blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,blood lipid or serum creatinine among 4 groups (P＞0.05).No obvious ADR was found in 4 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Compound xiongshao capsules shows significant therapeutic efficacy for DPN,and improves nerve conduction velocity,incubation period and amplitude of median nerve and common peroneal nerve,whole blood high-shear viscosity.Its effect is similar to that of epalrestat combined with beraprost sodium,and better than those of fursultiamine combined with mecobalamin,epalrestat alone.It does not affect the blood glucose,blood lipid and serum creatinine levels with good safety.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the informatization of adverse drug event(ADE)management in outpatient pharmacy so as to reduce the risk of drug use. METHODS:From the aspect of the construction of two information platforms as problematic prescription management and ADR monitoring record and report,the practice of the informatization of ADE management in outpatient pharmacy of our hospital was introduced;the effects of information management were evaluated by real-time online record for the number of dispensing error and ADE and the number of ADR reported by outpatient pharmacists. RESULTS:The application of ADE management module for outpatient pharmacy developed by our hospital realized the following functions as real-time online record of"suspected prescription",problematic prescription inquiry and summary,ADE report without delay, electronic ADR monitoring and reporting. 148 times of dispensing internal errors during Apr.-Jun. 2017(accounting for 0.035% of total prescription)and 15 ADEs during Jun. 2016-Jun. 2017(accounting for 0.008‰ of total prescription)were recorded in outpatient pharmacy of our hospital. There were 82 ADR cases reported by outpatient physicians using user-friendly electronic ADR monitoring and reporting(accounting for 36.94% of total ADR). CONCLUSIONS:The construction of informatization promotes timely record of related error and adverse events,targeted management and ADR reporting and reduces the risk of drug use.

Objective To investigate the application effect of language intervention in the regulation of psychological stress of patients during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examination. Methods A total of 70 ERCP patients in Yiwu Central Hospital from April 2013 to May 2017 were included in the study using simple stratified sampling method. A number of 35 cases from April 2013 to April 2015 were recruited as the control group and received routine health education. Another 35 cases from May 2015 to May 2017 were included in the observation group who received additional language intervention. The heart rate, blood pressure, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score, Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score, blood glucose and cortisol levels of patients at different time points were compared between two groups. Results The time factor and between group factor of heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose and cortisol levels of patients had interaction effect (P< 0.05). The scores of SAS and SDS in the observation group were lower than the scores before the examination,and the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). After the examination, there were statistically significant differences in the SAS and SDS scores between two groups (P< 0.05). Conclusions The application of language intervention during the ERCP examination can significantly improve the psychological stress state of patients and the safety of ERCP.