Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a metabolic disease and a leading cause of heart failure among people with diabetes.Mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)is a versatile technique capable of combining the molecular specificity of mass spectrometry(MS)with the spatial information of imaging.In this study,we used MSI to visualize metabolites in the rat heart with high spatial resolution and sensitivity.We optimized the air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization(AFADESI)-MSI platform to detect a wide range of metabolites,and then used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization(MALDI)-MSI for increasing metabolic coverage and improving localization resolution.AFADESI-MSI detected 214 and 149 metabolites in positive and negative analyses of rat heart sections,respectively,while MALDI-MSI detected 61 metabolites in negative analysis.Our study revealed the heterogenous metabolic profile of the heart in a DCM model,with over 105 region-specific changes in the levels of a wide range of metabolite classes,including carbohydrates,amino acids,nucleotides,and their derivatives,fatty acids,glycerol phospholipids,carnitines,and metal ions.The repeated oral administration of ferulic acid during 20 weeks significantly improved most of the metabolic disorders in the DCM model.Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DCM and the potential of ferulic acid as a therapeutic agent for treating this condition.

Detailed knowledge on tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is vital for more accurate understanding the molecular pathological signature and developing novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, a spatial-resolved metabolomics approach based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) integrated mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was proposed to investigate tissue-specific metabolic alterations in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated DN rats and the therapeutic effect of astragaloside IV, a potential anti-diabetic drug, against DN. As a result, a wide range of functional metabolites including sugars, amino acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, fatty acids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerides, carnitine and its derivatives, vitamins, peptides, and metal ions associated with DN were identified and their unique distribution patterns in the rat kidney were visualized with high chemical specificity and high spatial resolution. These region-specific metabolic disturbances were ameliorated by repeated oral administration of astragaloside IV (100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. This study provided more comprehensive and detailed information about the tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming and molecular pathological signature in the kidney of diabetic rats. These findings highlighted the promising potential of AFADESI and MALDI integrated MSI based metabolomics approach for application in metabolic kidney diseases.

Objective:To screen the differentially expressed genes on whole expression profiles of the inflammation-related cytokines in mice infected with influenza virus by the gene chip technology, and to explore the intervention effect of Shufeng Xuanfei Jiedu formula.Methods:Male ICR mice were divided into normal group (N group), influenza virus infective model group (M group), Oseltamivir control group (C group) and Shufeng Xuanfei Jiedu formula high, medium and low dose groups (SH, SM, SL groups) according to the random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. A mouse model of influenza virus pneumonia was reproduced by nasal drip of influenza virus strain FM1 (0.05 mL). In N group, 0.05 mL normal saline was used. In SH, SM and SL groups, Shufeng Xuanfei Jiedu formula was used 2 hours after intranasal infection (2 times, equal and 1/2 of the clinical treatment dose, approximately 3.8, 1.9 and 1.0 g·mL -1·d -1) for 4 days. In C group, the dosage of Oseltamivir was 2.5 g·mL -1·d -1. In N group and M group, distilled water was given (0.2 mL once a day). On the 5th day, the whole lung of mice was taken. The lung index was calculated, and the pathological sections were observed. The total RNA of lung tissue was extracted and detected after hybridization with mice whole gene expression spectrum chip to select differentially expressed genes of chemokine pathways. The expression intensity ratio of the chip probe signal in each group vs. M group was calculated, and P < 0.05 and log 2ratio > 1 were up-regulated genes, while P < 0.05 and log 2ratio < -1 were down-regulated genes. Results:Compared with the N group, the lung index in the M group was significantly higher, and pathological changes were found in lung tissue, which suggested that the model of influenza virus infection was successfully established. Compared with the M group, the lung index of mice in C, SH, SM, SL groups was significantly lower (0.96±0.14, 1.45±0.22, 1.14±0.18, 1.22±0.21 vs. 1.72±0.15, all P < 0.05), and the extent and degree of lesions were reduced, however, there was no significant difference among the groups. Gene chip analysis showed that there were more differentially expressed genes in N group vs. M group, SH group vs. M group, SM group vs. M group, SL group vs. M group. It could be used for further signal transduction pathway screening. Compared with N group, the differential gene expression of chemokine C-C ligands (CCL-3, CCL-5) and chemokine C-X-C ligands (CXCL-9, CXCL-10) in M group were significantly up-regulated [log 2 (M group/N group) were 6.64, 3.51, 5.40, 6.64, respectively]. Compared with M group, the gene expressions of CCL-3, CCL-5, CXCL-9 and CXCL-10 were significantly down-regulated in C, SH, SM and SL groups [log 2 (C group/M group) were -3.96, -2.26, -3.12, -2.40; log 2 (SH group/M group) were -5.57, -2.37, -1.57, -1.01; log 2 (SM group/M group) were -4.35, -1.47, -1.26, -1.74; log 2 (SL group/M group) were -2.86, -1.86, -1.23, -1.39, respectively]. Conclusion:Shufeng Xuanfei Jiedu formula inhibits inflammatory damage in mice after influenza virus infection by down-regulating the expressions of CCL-3, CCL-5, CXCL-9 and CXCL-10 on chemokine pathways.

Objective:To analyze the differential gene expression of Shufeng Xuanfei Jiedu formula on whole expression profiles of the inflammation-related cytokines in mice infected with influenza virus by the gene chip technology.Methods:Male ICR mice were divided into normal group (N group), influenza virus pneumonia model group (M group), oseltamivir control group (C group) and Shufeng Xuanfei Jiedu formula high, medium and low dose groups (SH, SM, SL groups) according to the random number table method, with 10 mice in each group. A mouse model of influenza virus pneumonia was established by nasal drip of influenza virus strain FM1 (0.05 mL); in group N, 0.05 mL normal saline was used. In SH, SM and SL groups, Shufeng Xuanfei Jiedu formula was prescribed after 2 hours of intranasal infection (drug concentration approximately 3.8, 1.9 and 1.0 kg/L), 0.2 mL once a day for 4 days; in group C, the dosage of oseltamivir was 2.5 kg/L; in group N and group M, distilled water was given. On the 5th day, the whole lung of mice was harvested, and the total RNA of lung tissue was extracted and detected after hybridization with mice whole gene expression spectrum chip. Differential expressed genes of cytokines involved in inflammatory pathways were selected. The intensity expression ratio of the chip probe signal in each group vs. M group was calculated, and P < 0.05 and log2 ratio > 1 were defined as up-regulated genes, while P < 0.05 and log2 ratio < -1 were down-regulated genes. The mRNA expressions of interleukin (IL-1, IL-8) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results:Compared with group N, the differential gene expressions of IL-1, IL-8 and ICAM-1 in group M were significantly up-regulated [log2 (N/M) were 2.62, 2.07, 1.41, respectively, all P < 0.05]. Compared with group M, the gene expressions of IL-1, IL-8, ICAM-1 were significantly down-regulated in SH, SM, SL and C groups [log2 (SH/M) were -1.91, -1.85, -0.88; log2 (SM/M) were -3.10, -1.74, -1.84; log2 (SL/M) were -1.89, -1.39, -0.53; log2 (C/M) were -2.46, -1.52, -1.44, respectively, all P < 0.05]. RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of IL-1, IL-8 and ICAM-1 in group M were significantly higher than those in group N [IL-1 (2 -ΔΔCT): 4.63±0.24 vs. 1.01±0.13, IL-8 (2 -ΔΔCT): 6.28±0.13 vs. 1.02±0.09, ICAM-1 (2 -ΔΔCT): 2.90±0.18 vs. 1.02±0.12, all P < 0.05]. The mRNA expressions of IL-1, IL-8, ICAM-1 in SH, SM, SL and C groups were lower than those in group M [IL-1 (2 -ΔΔCT): 2.12±0.32, 1.71±0.07, 2.05±0.16, 1.66±0.13 vs. 4.63±0.24; IL-8 (2 -ΔΔCT): 3.89±0.13, 2.08±0.19, 2.98±0.20, 2.02±0.12 vs. 6.28±0.13; ICAM-1 (2 -ΔΔCT): 1.72±0.93, 1.34±0.14, 1.53±0.25, 1.17±0.12 vs. 2.90±0.18, all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference among the SH, SM, SL and C groups. Conclusion:Shufeng Xuanfei Jiedu formula inhibits inflammatory damage in mice after influenza virus infection by down-regulating the expressions of IL-1, IL-8, and ICAM-1 inflammatory cytokine-related genes.

In China's 13th Five-Year Plan, it points out that it is necessary to establish a family-based and community-based old-age service model. As a result, there is a growing demand for community old-age service. As the core technology of geriatric medicine, comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) has been widely applied in various clinical fields. This paper mainly summarizes the basic concept of CGA and the research progress and application of CGA in community old-age service.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of berberine (BBR) on neuronal damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (ODD) in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cell,and the role of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in it.Methods HT22 cells were exposed to OGD for 4 h and then reoxygenated for 24 h to simulate ischemia-reperfusion injury.The HT22 cells were divided into control group,OGD group,BBR + OGD group,SOD2-siRNA + BBR + OGD group,and scrambled (SC)-siRNA + BBR + OGD group.Cell viability was measured by thiazole blue method.Cell morphology was observed by phase contrast microscopy.Medium lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level,intracellular glutathione (GSH),and catalase (CAT) content were detected by colorimetric assay.The cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.The expression level of cleaved caspase-3 was detected by Western blot analysis.Results Compared with the control group,OGD significantly decreased cell viability,intracellular GSH,and CAT level (all P ＜0.05),increased cell LDH release,apoptosis rate,and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression level (all P＜0.05).At the same time,cell morphology destruction was observed.BBR significantly reduced the above damage of HT22 cells induced by OGD (all P ＜0.05),while SOD2-siRNA significantly reversed the protective effect of BBR on HT22 cells (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions BBR significantly alleviated neuronal damage induced by recovery of oxygen-glucose after OGD.SOD2 might mediate its protective effect.

ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Shufengxuanfeijiedu formula on Janus kinase signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) of lung tissues in mice with influenza viral pneumonia.Methods According to random number table, 60 mice were randomly divided into six groups with 10 mice in each group: normal group (N), model group (M), Tamiflu control group (C) and low (SL), medium (SM), high dose (SH) Shufengxuanfeijiedu formula groups. The mouse model of influenza virus pneumonia was reproduced by dropping of 0.05 mL 4LD50 inflluenza virus FM1 strain which can be adapted to lung tissue into the nose; while the N received nose instillation of 0.05 mL normal saline. After successful modeling for 2 hours, distilled water was given orally (by lavage) to N and M; Duffy (oseltamivir) 2.5 g·mL-1·d-1 was administrated to C; the TCM SL, SM, SH were intragastrically administered with different doses of shufengxuanfeijiedu decoction into the corresponding groups respectively (the ingredients of prescription: chrysanthemum, mulberry leaf, almond, platycodon root, forsythia, bupleurum etc. forming granules), according to the suitable dose of granules used for human body surface, the dose used for mouse surface area was calculated, the high dose means the dose used in the medium dose group doubled, the low dose means 1/2 dose used in medium group, once a day, once 0.2 mL for consecutive 4 days. Afterwards, the lung tissues were collected, the mouse differential gene expressions related to JAK-STAT pathway were detected by gene chip technology, the standards for screening of differential gene expression were as follows: up-regulated gene was P < 0.05, and the log2ratio > 1; down-regulation gene wasP < 0.05, and log2ratio < -1. The levels in lung tissue kinase (JAK) andγinterferon (IFN-γ) mRNA expressions were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Results Compared with those in N, the differential expression gene transcription activator, STAT5 [log2 (N/M) = 2.32], interleukin 4 receptor alpha subunit [IL4RA, log2 (N/M) = 4.77], interleukin 12 receptor [IL12R, log2 (N/M) = 1.58], JAK [log2 (N/M) = 2.41] were all obviously up-regulated, and IFN was significantly down-regulated [log2 (N/M) = -1.45] in M. Compared with those in M, C group IFN [log2 (C/M) = 1.51], various TCM dose groups [log2 (SL/M) = 1.46, log2 (SM/M) = 1.72, log2 (SH/M) = 1.40] differential expression gene IFN was significantly up-regulated, STAT5 [log2 (C/M) = -2.06, log2 (SL/M) = -1.41, log2 (SM/M) = -2.10, log2 (SH/M) = -1.89], IL4RA [log2 (C/M) = -2.52, log2 (SL/M) = -1.85, log2 (SM/M) = -2.74, log2 (SH/M) = -1.39), IL12R [log2 (C/M) = -1.48, log2 (SL/M) = -0.10, log2 (SM/M) = -1.58, log2 (SH/M) = -0.53], JAK [log2 (C/M) = -1.44, log2 (SL/M) = -0.88, log2 (SM/M) = -1.74, log2 (SH/M) = -0.53] were significantly down-regulated. In M, the JAK mRNA expression was obviously elevated (2-ΔΔCt: 3.17±0.94 vs. 1.01±0.13,P < 0.05), while the IFN-γ mRNA expression was decreased (2-ΔΔCt: 0.15±0.48 vs. 1.01±0.12,P < 0.05); compared with M, the JAK mRNA expressions in C, SM and SH groups were all obviously decreased (2-ΔΔCt: 2.02±0.63, 1.19±0.30, 1.59±0.67 vs. 3.17±0.94, allP < 0.05); while the IFN-γmRNA expressions in C, SL, SM and SH groups were elevated (2-ΔΔCt: 0.61±0.12, 0.41±0.13, 0.85±0.14, 0.78±0.20 vs. 0.15±0.48, allP < 0.05).Conclusions Shufengxuanfeijiedu formula can ameliorate the mice immune pathological injury of lung tissues induced by influenza virus by regulating JAK-STAT signal pathway and balancing Th1/2 via up-regulating the expression of IFN-γ.

Objective To discuss the risk factors for incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in elderly patients to provide the basis for the scientific research and formulation of effective precautions. Methods Totally 170 elderly patients were collected age, gender and other 10 data. The study allocated patients into case group and control group based on the end whether get incontinent dermatitis. Univarate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were conducted to compare the 11 indicators mentioned above between the two groups to find out the risk factors. Results The types of incontinence, diarrhea, damp frequency, diabetes, and antimicrobials species were significantly different between the two groups (χ2=4.317-17.404, P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fecal incontinence, diarrhea and diabetes were risk factors (P < 0.05). Conclusions Clinical nurses should increase especially for incontinence frequency > 3 times per day and/or stool is thin and watery then patients, diarrhea and hemorrhoids patients, diabetes prevalence > 10 years or the level of blood glucose control with poor patients attention,and take effective intervention measures, focusing on prevention and cure together.

Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of psychological resilience of nurses in Cadre Ward of military hospital, and to provide suggestions and basis for improving the nursing level of cadres in the army hospital. Methods A total of 403 Cadre Ward nurses in 4 level three class A military hospitals in Beijing were investigated using Connor-Davidson resilience scale ( CD-RISC ) . Results The total score of resilience was (62. 43 ± 11. 96). There were statistically significant differences in the different age, professional title, work experience and educational background of the psychological resilience (P <0. 05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the working years and education background were the main influencing factors of psychological resilience of nurses in Cadre Ward. Conclusions Army hospital nurses in Cadre Ward resilience overall are in the middle level, so nursing managers should do targeted sent and selected work, and pay attention to and help those with seniority, low education background for the improvement of resilience training, in order to improve the quality of nursing.

AIM:To explore the therapeutic effect of a novel Rho kinase inhibitor WAR 5 on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and its possible mechanism.METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into EAE group and WAR5 group.EAE model was induced by the application of MOG 35-55 peptide.WAR5 was in-jected intraperitoneally every other day from post-immunization (PI) day 3 to PI day 27.The clinical score and body weight were recorded every other day .On PI day 28, the animals were sacrificed and spinal cords were obtained for HE and mye-lin staining .The splenocytes were isolated and the expression of CD 16/32 and CD206 were analyzed by flow cytometry . The protein extracts from the brains and spinal cords were collected for the measurement of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS) by Western blotting .RESULTS:The administration of WAR 5 delayed the onset of EAE and attenuated the clini-cal symptoms .The results of the pathological examination revealed that WAR 5 inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and improved myelination in spinal cords , accompanied with the poralization of M 1 macrophages to M2 phenotype in the spleen.WAR5 inhibited the expression of iNOS in the central nervous system , especially in the spinal cords .CON-CLUSION:The therapeutic effect of WAR5 on EAE may be related to the shift of M1 macrophages to M2 phenotype and inhibition of inflammation in the central nerve system .