Abstract To promote adolescents active participation in physical activity and improve sleep quality, the article analyzes the relationship of adolescent physical activity with subjective sleep satisfaction, sleep latency, sleep continuity, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration. It explores potential mechanisms underlying the link between physical activity and sleep quality, including physiological mechanisms (circadian rhythms, body temperature, neuroendocrine systems, and immune function), and psychological mechanisms (stress relief, improvement of negative emotions, and promotion of mental relaxation). Based on existing research, it is recommended that adolescents engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity daily to promote improved sleep quality.

Initial gastrointestinal endocrine cells (GIECs) likely appear at the proximal and distal sites of abdominal intestines and may take a close topographical relation with neural elements in the gut. We examined immunohistochemically-stained sections from 10 fetuses at approximately 8–18 weeks of gestational age (36–155 mm of crown-rump length). Irrespective of whether physiological herniation was present (early 5 specimens) or absent (the other 5), the duodenum and jejunum had well-developed mucosa with villi containing abundant flask-like chromogranin-positive cells. In the earlier 5 specimens, the rectum, standing up to a level of the umbilicus, had a lumen and villi with a few positive cells, but the colon carried neither the lumen or chromogranin-positive cells. The initial GIECs seemed to appear in the basal payer of the epithelium at the distal and proximal foci depending on double pathways of neural crest cell migration. Less number of the colic chromograninpositive cells, more than 5-times difference in density relative to small intestine, was seen in the larger 5 specimens. The appearance of GIECs was delayed at the anal transitional zone (a border area between the columnar and squamous epithelia).The reactivity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase was restricted in the myenteric plexus, whereas clusters of slender calretininpositive cells existed in the lamina propria or core of villi in the duodenum and colon. Relatively small, round or oval positive cells were also seen in the basal layer of the columnar epithelium. Therefore, calretinin-positive cells might exist closely to GIECs in the developing villi.

Meconium is changed from defoliated intestinal villi with apoptosis. A meconium corpuscle is a limited architecture in the meconium at the light microscopic level. In histological and immunohistochemical sections of the abdomen from 40 fetuses at 20–31 weeks of gestation, we found 12 fetuses with meconium and examined the architecture.A solid or loose meconium was seen depending on sites. The solid meconium in the colon and rectum contained numerous spherical or rugby ball-like corpuscles comprising of a core with tightly-packed atrophied cells and a laminar fibrous sheath.The solid meconium surrounded and incorporated villi that maintained the original architecture. The loose meconium was seen not only in the stomach and duodenum but also, depending on specimens, in the colon and rectum. It was composed of a large mucosal fold, a single small villus and/or fragmented epithelia. Notably, these mucosal tissues still contained chromogranin-positive gastrointestinal cells and cytokeratin-positive epithelia. A large ring-like meconium was composed of the entirely circular mucosa or epithelia that seemed to be detached along the muscularis mucosae or the basal lamina.A sheath-like fibrous structure in meconium seemed to originate from the lamina propria and basal lamina of villi. A defoliation of villi with apoptosis seemed difficult to explain a detachment of the entirely circular mucosa or epithelia in large fetuses examined. The latter event might require a specific mechanism such as an in utero intussusception in which a proximal side of the colon was invaginated into the distal lumen.

Objective: To investigate the association between brain and muscle Arnt like protein 1( BMAL 1) gene and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) parameters in college students, and to explore the influence of the interaction between the gene and weight status on the ABP levels, so as to provide reference for early prevention of chronic cardiovascular diseases related to hypertension. Methods: During September 2022 to June 2024, a total of 510 college students were recruited from a university in Changsha, China for on site questionnaire investigation, physical examination, ABP monitoring and genotyping testing. Multiple linear regression method was used to explore the association between the BMAL 1 gene and ABP indicators. An interaction term was included in the general linear model of multiple linear regression to analyze the interactive effects of BMAL 1 gene polymorphisms and weight status on ABP levels. Results: The prevalence of abnormal 24 hour blood pressure, abnormal daytime blood pressure, and abnormal nighttime blood pressure were 3.3%, 3.1%, and 3.9%, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the BMAL 1/rs7950226 polymorphism was positively correlated with the 24 hour diastolic blood pressure(DBP) and the daytime DBP level after adjusting for gender, age, and body mass index( β =0.87,0.99, both P <0.05). Also, interaction between BMAL 1/ rs 11022775 and weight status on the nighttime DBP level ( P interaction =0.03) was found. The CC genotype carriers had significantly higher nighttime DBP level ( β =3.52, P <0.05) among overweight/obesity college students, but no differences in nocturnal DBP levels were observed between CC genotype carriers and TT+CT genotype carriers among college students with normal body weight( P > 0.05). Conclusions The rs 7950226 polymorphism is associated with 24 hours DBP and daytime DBP levels. Significant interaction between rs 11022775 with weight status on the nighttime DBP level is found among college students.

ObjectiveIn order to provide a reference for the optimization of preparation process of stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（sf-GRR）， the quality changes during the processing was studied. MethodsGlycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was processed by stir-frying for 17 min， and samples were collected every 1 min during the processing. The appearance color of the samples was determined by visual analysis technology， the moisture and extract of the process samples were detected by the drying method and the hot extraction method of alcohol-soluble extract in the general rules of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia（part Ⅳ）， and the contents of liquiritin apioside， liquiritin， isoliquiritin apioside， isoliquiritin， licoricesaponin G₂ and glycyrrhizic acid in the process samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. Then principal component analysis（PCA）， partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） and Spearman correlation analysis were used for clustering， discrimination and correlation analysis of the appearance color， moisture， extract and the contents of six internal components. Based on artificial neural network and random forest algorithm， the prediction model of processing degree of sf-GRR was established. On this basis， based on the five principles of quality marker（Q-Maker）， explore the monitoring Q-Maker of sf-GRR. ResultsThe color of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma deepened after stir-frying， and the appearance color of the sample changed from light yellow to dark yellow during processing. During the stir-frying process， the moisture content showed a decreasing trend with the extension of processing time， while the extract content showed an increasing trend with the extension of processing time. After stir-frying， the contents of liquiritin apioside， liquiritin and licoricesaponin G₂ showed an overall decreasing trend， while the contents of isoliquiritin apioside and isoliquiritin increased， and the content of glycyrrhizic acid increased slightly. The correlation analysis showed that moisture was positively correlated with brightness（L^*） and red/green value（a^*）， and negatively correlated with yellow/blue value（b^*） and total color difference（E^*ab）. Isoliquiritin apioside and isoliquiritin had negative correlation with L^* and a^*， and positive correlation with b^* and E^*ab. The processing process of sf-GRR could be divided into two stages of the early stage（0-14 min） and the late stage（15-17 min）， and could be divided into three stages of the early stage（0-6 min）， the middle stage（7-14 min） and the late stage（15-17 min） by combining the moisture， extract， the contents of 6 components and color values. Based on artificial neural network analysis and random forest algorithm， isoliquiritin apioside， isoliquiritin， liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were selected as monitoring markers for sf-GRR. ConclusionBased on the analysis of the exterior-interior indicators of process samples of sf-GRR， this paper ultimately identifies four processing monitoring markers， which can provide a basis for optimizing the processing technology of sf-GRR.

Radiomics provides quantitative support for the diagnosis,treatment strategy and prognosis evaluation of brain arteriovenous malformation(bAVM)through high-throughput analysis of imaging data,and it also shows significant advantages in clinical symptom prediction,personalized treatment and clinical outcome prediction.Emerging imaging techniques,such as blood oxygen level-dependent cerebrovascular reactivity imaging and ultrasound technology,provide a new perspective for evaluating the hemodynamic changes and epilepsy susceptibility associated with bAVM.In addition,advances in deep learning algorithms in automatic segmentation of bAVM lesions have greatly improved the accuracy and efficiency of segmentation.With the continuous progress of imaging technology,data analysis algorithms and software,radiomics is expected to play a greater role in precision medicine and individualized treatment,bringing better diagnosis and treatment services and better treatment effects for bAVM patients.

Objective:To observe any effect of combining repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with electro-acupuncture in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment (PISC).Methods:Three groups of PISC patients were formed through random selection: an rTMS group, an electro-acupuncture group, and a combined group. In addition to routine medication and conventional rehabilitation training, the rTMS and electro-acupuncture groups received rTMS and electro-acupuncture treatment, while the combined group underwent both for six weeks. Before the treatment, immediately afterward and 3, 6, and 12 months later, everyone′s cognitive functioning was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The modified Barthel Index (MBI), the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were also applied. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) was employed to measure the mean cerebral blood flow velocity (Vm), pulsatility index (PI), and breath-holding index (BHI) in the subjects′ bilateral middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). The total effectiveness rates and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups.Results:The MoCA scores, MBI scores, HAMD-17 scores, NIHSS scores, and Vm of the MCA had improved significantly in all three groups right after the treatment. There was further significant improvement in the average MoCA scores 12 months later. The combined group showed significantly higher MoCA scores than the other two groups at each time point after the treatment. That group also had superior MBI, HAMD-17 and NIHSS scores and a better BHI compared to the other 2 groups, on average. Its total effectiveness rate was significantly higher too. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the groups.Conclusions:Combining rTMS with electro-acupuncture significantly improves cognition, ADL ability, depression and neurological functioning after a stroke. The combined treatment is worthy of wider clinical application.

Objective To propose a lightweight deep learning network-based segmentation method for automatic segmenta-tion of the skeletal muscle at the third cervical spine(C3)level.Methods Firstly,121 patients with head and neck tumors admitted to the Department of Oncology of Zigong First People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into a training set,a validation set and a test set in the ratio of 7∶1∶2.Secondly,a lightweight Mamba architecture was introduced into the UNet network and an attention gate(AG)mechanism was added to the skip connection path to construct a MB-UNet network model.Finally,the trained network models were evaluated for segmentation performance on the test set,the MB-UNet network model was compared with manual segmentation over the results of determination of skeletal muscle area(SMA),and with classical network models in terms of parameter scale and computation effort including UNet,Deeplab V3+,U2Net,VMUNet and UltraLight-VMUNet models.The time required by the MB-UNet network model for predicting SMA and that by the physician with the assistance of the model was summarized.Results When used for segmenting the skeletal muscle at C3 level the constructued MB-UNet network model gained advantages over the classical models,with a Dice similarity coefficient of 88.23%,an intersection over union(IoU)ratio of 78.94%,a sensitivity of 91.27%and a 95%Hausdorff distance of 7.13 mm;the SMA determined by manual segementation was basically close to that by the MB-UNet network model;the MB-UNet network model behaved generally better than the classical network models,with the computation effort being 1.88 GFLOPS and the parameter scale being 0.77M;it took the MB-UNet network model 1.93 s for the prediction on the test set,and only 2 min for the physician to obtain satisfactory results with the assistance of the MB-UNet network model,which was significantly shorter than that by munual segmentation(20 min).Conclusion The proposed method contributes to segmenting the skeletal muscle at C3 level precisely and rapidly and calculating SMA accurately,which helps clinicians to quickly diagnose sarcopenia in patients with head and neck tumors and improves the diagnostic efficiency.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(8):11-17]

Objective To systematically identify the scenario elements of unconventional hospital infection outbreaks and provide a theoretical framework for preventing and resolving unconventional hospital infection outbreaks.Methods The literature related to unconventional hospital infection outbreaks was searched,and the text was preprocessed by Chinese word segmentation technology,and the element categories were condensed layer by layer based on the three-level coding of grounded theory.Results A total of 122 initial concepts,52 initial categories,13 sub-categories and 4 main categories were extracted disaster causing factors,disaster bearers,disaster environment,and emergency activities,and the action types:disaster factors driving the causal chain,disaster bearers bearing the mediating conduction,disaster environment exerting moderating effects,and emergency activities had two-way feedback.Conclusion The four-dimensional scenario factor action type model constructed breaks through the traditional one-way causal framework and provides a qualitative theoretical framework for factor association for the prevention and control of hospital infection outbreaks.

Objectives:Utilizing an advanced and high-capacity data acquisition system tailored for elderly patients with valvular heart disease,we aimed to establish standardized data acquisition protocols and define variable sets for a clinical research big data platform dedicated to this condition.Guided by clinical treatment decisions,we implemented a standardized and uniform evaluation process for valvular heart disease.This initiative might culminate in the creation of the first comprehensive database for elderly valvular heart disease,encompassing clinical information,functional assessments,multimodal imaging,treatment modalities,and follow-up data.Methods:Variables were selected based on past clinical studies and literature,both domestic and international,and considering key guidelines,advancements in valvular heart disease,and China's clinical practices.Standards for data variables,imaging techniques,data acquisition,multi-channel verification,and quality control were established.Variables are then classified by their properties and generation time.Results:This comprehensive set of variables encompassed a total of 567 relevant variables,which were generated throughout the entire diagnosis and treatment process of patients with valvular heart disease,starting from admission and extending to those required for clinical research.The variable set was divided into six distinct parts:clinical information(encompassing demographics,admission details,clinical manifestations,comorbidities,medical history,physical examination,auxiliary examinations,and comprehensive assessment of frailty in the elderly),echocardiography,cardiac computed tomography(CT),treatment(including surgery,valve intervention therapy,non-valve intervention therapy,and medication therapy),clinical outcomes,and follow-up.Specifically,it included 14 variables related to demographic and admission information;22 variables encompassing clinical manifestations and physical examination;63 variables concerning medical history and comorbidities;49 variables for inspection and examination;15 variables for the comprehensive evaluation of frail elderly individuals;55 variables of echocardiography,including complete dynamic images at 4 time points,6 cross-sections per point,and corresponding Doppler spectra);131 variables for cardiac CT,including baseline and postoperative raw image uploads(encompassing non-enhanced electrocardiography[ECG]-gated cardiac CT scans,ECG-gated full-phase CT angiography(CTA)scans,and large-scale non-ECG-gated spiral CTA scans);51 variables for surgical diagnosis and treatment;72 variables for valve intervention therapy;33 variables for non-valvular interventional therapy;27 variables for medication information;and 35 variables for clinical outcomes.The follow-up integration comprises 140 variables,along with the upload of raw echocardiography and CT images.Conclusions:Through the establishment of data collection standards and variable standards for the big data platform of valvular heart disease,the standardization and normalization of comprehensive evaluation,diagnosis and treatment,and clinical research of patients with valvular heart disease can be achieved.As a national level big data research platform that can be sustainably used for clinical research and innovative development of valvular heart disease,it will provide support for long-term monitoring of valvular heart disease,real-world data analysis,clinical research(observational and randomized controlled trials),technological innovation,drug and device development,and post market evaluation.