Objective: To evaluate the current situation of thermal environment in primary and secondary school classrooms during winter, and to analyze students thermal comfort needs, so as to provide a basis for improving classroom thermal environment. Methods: From December 16 to 26, 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 90 classrooms from 15 primary and secondary schools in centralized/air conditioned heating areas(Liaoning Province, Tianjin City, Shanghai City) and naturally ventilated areas(Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province)for on site environmental measurement. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 743 students. The differences between groups using the χ 2 test were compared. Based on actual measurement data, a predicted mean vote prepared percentage of dissatisfied (PMV-PPD) model for centralized/air conditioned classrooms and an adaptive model for naturally ventilated classrooms were established, and the thermal neutral temperature and comfort interval were calculated. Results: The average outdoor temperature during on site measurement was 4.00(0.20，7.00)℃. In classrooms with centralized or air conditioned heating systems, the measured average temperature was (19.33±2.59)℃, with a thermal comfort range of 20.35-25.35 ℃ and a thermal neutral temperature of 22.85 ℃. And 13.92% of students reported feeling cold, while 80.80% felt comfortable. In classrooms with natural ventilation, the measured average temperature was (12.26±1.83)℃, with a thermal neutral temperature of 19.67 ℃ and a thermal comfort range of 16.17-23.17 ℃. About 48.33% of students reported feeling cold, and 49.81 % felt comfortable.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in shoe thickness, temperature sensation, relative humidity sensation and wind speed sensation between centralized/air conditioned heating areas ( χ 2= 7.01 , 31.47, 13.57, 13.80,all P <0.05). There were also statistically significant differences in school stage for primary and secondary school students, body mass index, classroom location for seat, temperature sensation, relative humidity sensation and wind speed sensation between naturally ventilated areas ( χ 2=42.13, 11.13, 11.04, 60.39, 29.27, 38.46,all P <0.05). Conclusions There are differences in thermal environment and students subjective thermal comfort in primary and secondary schools under different ventilation modes in winter. The temperature standards for heated classrooms should be revised, and differentiated environmental regulation strategies should be adopted based on different ventilation methods to improve students health and comfort levels.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease around the world, and pharmacotherapy is the foremost treatment method currently. In recent decades, with the rapid development of bronchoscopic interventional therapy, endoscopic physical ablation technology presents a therapeutic effect in treating COPD, with few treatment-related side effects, showing excellent application prospects in treating COPD. Since ablation techniques in this field are emerging technologies with low patient acceptance, they are not widely used in the clinical treatment of COPD. This article reviews the development process of physical ablation techniques. Moreover, their current application status and the prospects in the field of COPD treatment are also summarized and analyzed. We hope to promote the application of physical ablation in the clinical treatment of COPD and provide practical references and a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of COPD.

Obesity and its related metabolic diseases have become a major global public health threat, and its rising incidence significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and other complications. Pancreatic lipase is a key enzyme that converts food-borne lipids into triglycerides and fatty acids, and the effective inhibition of its activity has become an important strategy for the treatment of obesity. This paper discusses the screening methods of pancreatic lipase inhibitors, and summarizes and reviews the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages and application status of traditional screening methods, modern new screening methods and virtual screening methods. In view of the problems faced by the screening methods of pancreatic lipase inhibitors, future research urgently needs to move towards a collaborative innovation path of multi-technology integration, intelligent screening and complex systematization of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to open up new research paradigms.

ObjectiveTo explore the visual attention distribution across different lateral facial profiles and analyze the influence of observer gender and professional background on aesthetic evaluation， providing an aesthetic basis for the design of clinical orthodontic treatment. MethodsEye-tracking technology was employed to record the gaze paths of 136 subjects （orthodontists， non-orthodontic dentists， and non-medical professionals） when evaluating three types of male and female lateral profiles （convex， straight， and concave）. A questionnaire survey was conducted using a visual analog scale （VAS）. Data differences and the consistency between eye-tracking and questionnaire results were analyzed through t-tests， analysis of variance （ANOVA）， and Kappa coefficient analysis. ResultsThe questionnaire scores for straight profiles were significantly higher than those for convex and concave profiles （P<0.05）. Eye-tracking revealed that subjects primarily focused on the eye and nasal regions （P<0.001）， followed by the mouth. However， orthodontists showed no significant difference in attention between the mouth and eye-nasal areas （P>0.05）. Additionally， gender differences were notable. Female observers prioritized the mouth （P<0.05）， while male observers paid later attention to the oral-buccal region. The forehead and chin rapidly attracted attention during the initial evaluation phase， particularly in female concave profiles （P<0.05）. Eye-tracking data demonstrated high consistency with questionnaire results （κ=0.868）. ConclusionThis study， utilizing eye-tracking technology， finds that the eye and nasal regions are the core focus areas for aesthetic evaluation of lateral profiles. Gender differences result in distinct gaze preferences （males emphasize the nose， while females emphasize the eyes）， whereas orthodontists focus more on the lips and forehead. As aesthetic baselines， the forehead and chin， with their profile characteristics， should be prioritized in treatment. This research provides a basis for developing personalized orthodontic plans and establishing aesthetic consensus between clinicians and patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of atorvastatin （ATV） on the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs）， periodontal ligament stem cells （PDLSCs）， and dental pulp stem cells （DPSCs） in vitro， and to validate the regulatory effect of ATV on periodontal bone formation and tooth movement using a rat orthodontic tooth movement （OTM） model. MethodsThe effects of ATV on the proliferation and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs， PDLSCs， and DPSCs were assessed in vitro. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation of the three types of cells. Alkaline phosphatase （ALP） staining and Alizarin Red staining were employed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation capacity. Western blot was used to detect the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins ［collagen type I （COL-I）， Runt-related transcription factor 2 （Runx2）， bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2）， osteocalcin （OCN）］ and the odontogenesis-related protein dentin sialophosphoprotein （DSPP） in BMSCs， PDLSCs and DPSCs. An OTM rat model was established， with rats randomly assigned to an ATV gavage group and a control group. The ATV gavage group received daily oral administration of ATV at a dose of 20 mg/kg， while the control group received an equal volume of solvent by gavage. Tooth movement distance was measured via Micro-CT on days 7， 14， and 21. Histomorphology of periodontal tissues was observed using Hematoxylin and Eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining. The gene and protein expression levels of osteogenic markers （BMP-2， Runx2， OCN） on the tension side of the first molar were detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry， respectively. ResultsATV at concentrations of 1×10⁻⁶ mol/L and 1×10⁻⁷ mol/L significantly promoted the proliferation and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of BMSCs， PDLSCs， and DPSCs， manifested as enhanced ALP activity， increased mineralized nodule formation， and up-regulated expression of osteogenic/odontogenic proteins COL-I， Runx2， BMP-2， OCN， and DSPP （P<0.001）. In the OTM model， compared with the control group， the ATV gavage group showed a significant reduction in tooth movement distance （P<0.05）， enhanced osteogenic activity in periodontal tissues， and significantly increased gene （P<0.001） and protein （P<0.05） expression of BMP-2， Runx2， and OCN on the tension side of the first molar. ConclusionATV enhances periodontal osteogenesis by promoting osteogenic/dentinogenic differentiation， thus inhibiting tooth movement.

OBJECTIVE To formulate Guidelines for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics （ 2026 edition ） in response to the challenges faced by such clinics in China， including uneven development， large discrepancies in service specifications， insufficient patient awareness， and limited medical insurance coverage. METHODS Led by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Professional Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association， the Evidence-based Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association， and the Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Cross-strait Medical and Health Exchange Association， a total of 19 domestic hospital pharmacy experts were organized. Through a systematic review of national policies and literature research， current practical experience was summarized. Consensus on the contents of the guidelines was reached after in-depth discussions. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS The guidelines covered five sections： definition and connotation of pharmacist-managed clinics， establishment requirements， implementation and management， post competency， and practical research. Firstly， the definition and connotation included three operational forms of pharmacist-managed clinics （independent mode， physician-pharmacist joint mode， and online pharmacist-managed clinic mode） and classified service modes （specialty-specific， drug-specific， and disease-specific pharmacist-managed clinics）. The establishment requirements were further refined， covering system construction （pharmaceutical service management system， quality control and assessment mechanism）， personnel qualifications （professional credentials， continuing education and professional training， etc）， service recipients， as well as service venues and facilities. Subsequently， the implementation and management of pharmacist-managed clinics were proposed， involving service procedures， intervention measures， documentation and records， patient education and follow-up， humanistic care， as well as risk management and quality control. Finally， post competency encompassed the competency requirements for pharmacists providing services in pharmacist-managed clinics， as well as the suggestions on teaching methods； practical research encouraged the conduct of high-quality pharmaceutical practice in the setting of pharmacist-managed clinics. The guidelines provide valuable guidance for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics in China in terms of establishment， management， teaching， and research， fill the guideline gap in this field， and can promote the high-quality development of pharmacist-managed clinics.

Temporomandibular disorders （TMD） encompass a prevalent group of conditions affecting the masticatory muscles， temporomandibular joint， and associated structures. Currently， it is widely recognized by scholars both domestically and internationally that TMD has a complex etiology and pathogenesis. Most patients present clinically with pain， yet effective treatment options remain limited. In recent years， the role of ion channels in the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for TMD has garnered increasing attention. This review systematically summarizes the function of ion channels in the management of temporomandibular joint diseases. First， the multifaceted roles of ion channels in treating TMD are examined， including their regulatory effects on TMJ muscle dysfunction， joint structural abnormalities， and TMJ-related pain. Finally， the potential value of ion channel research in TMD therapy is discussed. With advancing research in this field， ion channel-targeted therapies for temporomandibular disorders are expected to achieve new breakthroughs， thereby providing an important theoretical foundation and practical guidance for developing novel clinical treatment strategies.

Objective: To develop a RHCE genotyping assay based on kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) and assess its clinical accuracy for RhCE blood group determination. Methods: KASP primers were designed to interrogate three RHCE loci: the 109 bp insertion/deletion in intron 2, c. 307T>C, and c. 676C>G. A total of 1 194 RhD-positive inpatients from Chengdu were typed by both KASP genotyping and manual tube serology. Discordant samples (n=10) were retested by both methods and further resolved by Sanger sequencing. An additional 377 cases were tested for the c. 48C>G locus to evaluate the predictive accuracy of individual loci and combined locus testing for RhC antigen. Results: Genotyping concordance with serology was 100.0% for both the c. 676C>G locus (RhE/Rhe) and the c. 307T>C locus (Rhc). For RhC prediction using the 109 bp insertion, overall accuracy was 99.7% (1 191/1 194); the 3 discordant cases were confirmed by Sanger sequencing to be false negatives attributable to 109 bp deletion in intron 2. Testing the c. 48C>G allele for RhC prediction yielded 7 false positives, with an accuracy of 98.1% (370/377). RhC antigen status was determined by combining the 109 bp insertion and the c. 48C allele. After excluding 10 samples with inconsistent results between the two loci, the accuracy reached 100% in the remaining 367 samples. When both loci were applied in combination, accuracy reached 100% in the 367 cases with concordant results. Among the 1 194 patients, CCee (45.8%) and CcEe (31.7%) were the most common RhCE phenotypes. The e antigen had the highest positivity rate (92.2%), and the Ce haplotype was the most frequent (66.9%). Conclusion: The KASP-based RHCE genotyping method achieves high accuracy for clinical RhCE typing. Combining the 109 bp insertion/deletion with the c. 48C allele significantly improves RhC antigen prediction compared with either locus alone. This method was applied to RhCE genotyping of 1 194 RhD-positive inpatients in Chengdu, providing local RhCE phenotype and haplotype distribution data to support RhCE-matched transfusion practice.

As a new type of model organism， zebrafish is gradually gaining prominence in the field of scientific research. The unique biological characteristics and advantages of zebrafish make them play an increasingly important role in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. Compared with other common experimental animals， zebrafish have a fast reproductive and growth speed and high embryo transparency， making them an ideal model for evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. This provides a new perspective and method for research on traditional Chinese medicine. With the growing global interest in traditional Chinese medicine， it has become crucial to find scientific and accurate methods to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine. The introduction of the zebrafish model has brought new breakthroughs in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. To further promote the application of zebrafish in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine， this article systematically searched and sorted out the previous studies related to the application of zebrafish for this purpose since 2023. The commonly used disease models and indicators of zebrafish in evaluating the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine， as well as the mechanism of zebrafish in exploring the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine， were primarily reviewed. The application of zebrafish in evaluating the safety of traditional Chinese medicine and the typical examples in ensuring the quality of traditional Chinese medicine were demonstrated. The limitations encountered by zebrafish models in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine were highlighted. The resolution of these problems will help further improve the accuracy and reliability of zebrafish in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. The article discussed the evaluation of effectiveness， safety， and quality control of zebrafish applied in traditional Chinese medicine， so as to provide a reference for establishing standards for traditional Chinese medicine and promoting its modernization in the future.

ObjectiveBased on the zebrafish model， the hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporotic activity of evodiamine （EVO） were studied. The mechanism of EVO in treating osteoporosis was explored by using network pharmacology and real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）. MethodsThree days after fertilization （3 dpf）， zebrafish were randomly selected and exposed to different concentrations of EVO solution for 96 hours. The mortality rate of zebrafish at different concentrations was calculated at the exposure endpoint， and a "dose-toxicity" curve was drawn. The 10% lethal concentration （LC₁₀） was calculated. Liver phenotype， acridine orange staining， and pathological tissue sections of liver-transgenic zebrafish ［CZ16 （gz15Tg.Tg （fabp 10a： ds Red； ela31： EGFP））］ were used to confirm hepatotoxicity of EVO. On this basis， prednisolone was used to create a model of osteoporosis in zebrafish. The skull development， area of the skull stained by alizarin red， and cumulative optical density were used as indicators to evaluate the anti-osteoporotic activity of EVO in a safe dose. Based on network pharmacology， the mechanism of action of EVO in the treatment of osteoporosis was predicted and verified through Real-time PCR. ResultsThe LC₁₀ of EVO on zebrafish （7 dpf） was determined to be 0.4 mg·L^-1. Compared with the control group， sublethal concentrations （10=0.36 mg·L^-1 and 1/2LC₁₀=0.18 mg·L^-1） significantly decreased the fluorescence area of zebrafish liver （P<0.05，P<0.01） and increased the number of liver cell apoptosis. The arrangement of liver tissue was disordered and loose， and the vacuole was obvious， especially in the 0.36 mg·L^-1 group. Compared with the control group， under safe dose conditions， 0.08 and 0.02 mg·L^-1 of EVO had no significant effect on the liver. Prednisolone administration significantly reduced the mineralization area and cumulative optical density of zebrafish skulls （P<0.01） compared with the control group. The mineralization area and cumulative optical density of zebrafish skulls in the 0.08 and 0.02 mg·L^-1 groups of EVO were significantly increased compared with the model group （P<0.01）. Network pharmacology prediction suggested that EVO may regulate key targets such as avian sarcoma viral oncogene homolog （SRC）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， interleukin-8 （CXCL8） and tyrosine kinase receptor 2 （ERBB2） to regulate signaling pathways related to lipid and atherosclerosis in diabetic complications， as well as the regulation of inflammatory mediators of tryptophan （TRP） channels. Real-time PCR experiment results indicated that EVO could regulate the above-mentioned targets， as well as genes related to osteoblasts and osteoclasts. ConclusionExcessive doses of EVO can lead to hepatotoxicity in zebrafish. Under safe dosage conditions， EVO can regulate relevant targets to exert anti-osteoporotic activity， providing a reference for the clinical safe use of EVO and ideas for the development of new drugs for osteoporosis.